SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode

Lixia Zheng1, 2, Jin Wu1, Longxing Shi2, Shuiqing Xi1, Siyang Liu2 and Weifeng Sun2

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Abstract: We present a novel gated operation active quenching circuit (AQC). In order to simulate the quenching circuit a complete SPICE model of a InGaAs SPAD is set up according to the I-V characteristic measurement results of the detector. The circuit integrated with a ROIC (readout integrated circuit) is fabricated in an CSMC 0.5 μm CMOS process and then hybrid packed with the detector. Chip measurement results show that the functionality of the circuit is correct and the performance is suitable for practical system applications.

Key words: single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)active quenching circuitgated operation



[1]
Aull B F, Loomis A H, Young D J. Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for three-dimensional imaging. Lincoln Laboratory Journal, 2002, 13(2):355 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303117299_Geiger-Mode_Avalanche_Photodiodes_for_Three-Dimensional_Imaging
[2]
Tisa S, Zappa F, Tosi A. Electronics for single photon avalanche diode arrays. Sensors and Actua tors A:Physical, 2007, 140(1):113 doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.06.022
[3]
Gallivanoni A, Rech I, Ghioni M. Progress in quenching circuits for single photon avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 2010, 57(6):3815 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5658087/
[4]
Zappa F, Ghioni M, Cova S, et al. An integrated active-quenching circuit for single-photon avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Instrumentation Measurement, 2000, 49(6):1167 doi: 10.1109/19.893251
[5]
Zappa F, Tosi A, Dalla Mora A, et al. SPICE modeling of single photon Avalanche diodes. Sensors and Actuators, A:Physical, 2009, 153:197 doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2009.05.007
[6]
Zhao Feifei, Xu Yue, Guo Yufeng. A fully integrated single photon Avalanche diode detector in 130 nm CMOS technology. IEEE Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA), 2012:54 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2374641
[7]
Mita R, Palumbo G. High-speed and compact quenching circuit for single-photon Avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 2008, 57(3):543 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4414365/
[8]
Tisa S, Tosi A, Zappa F. Fully-integrated CMOS single photon counter. Opt Express, 2007, 15(6):2874 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19532523
Fig. 1.  EN signal and SPAD operation modes.

Fig. 2.  Test circuit of SPAD.

Fig. 3.  Sensing voltage ($V_{\rm sen})$.

Fig. 4.  The complete SPICE model for the SPAD.

Fig. 5.  The proposed gated operation active quenching circuit.

Fig. 6.  Simulation results: an avalanche event with a successful quenching in a frame.

Fig. 7.  Measurement waveforms of the SPAD anode.

Table 1.   Rising time and pulse amplitude of the sensing voltage under different conditions

Table 2.   Post simulation results of the AQC.

Table 3.   Post simulation results with Co and measurement results of AQC.

Table 4.   Comparison of quenching circuit measurement results.

[1]
Aull B F, Loomis A H, Young D J. Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for three-dimensional imaging. Lincoln Laboratory Journal, 2002, 13(2):355 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303117299_Geiger-Mode_Avalanche_Photodiodes_for_Three-Dimensional_Imaging
[2]
Tisa S, Zappa F, Tosi A. Electronics for single photon avalanche diode arrays. Sensors and Actua tors A:Physical, 2007, 140(1):113 doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.06.022
[3]
Gallivanoni A, Rech I, Ghioni M. Progress in quenching circuits for single photon avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 2010, 57(6):3815 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5658087/
[4]
Zappa F, Ghioni M, Cova S, et al. An integrated active-quenching circuit for single-photon avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Instrumentation Measurement, 2000, 49(6):1167 doi: 10.1109/19.893251
[5]
Zappa F, Tosi A, Dalla Mora A, et al. SPICE modeling of single photon Avalanche diodes. Sensors and Actuators, A:Physical, 2009, 153:197 doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2009.05.007
[6]
Zhao Feifei, Xu Yue, Guo Yufeng. A fully integrated single photon Avalanche diode detector in 130 nm CMOS technology. IEEE Conference on Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA), 2012:54 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2374641
[7]
Mita R, Palumbo G. High-speed and compact quenching circuit for single-photon Avalanche diodes. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 2008, 57(3):543 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4414365/
[8]
Tisa S, Tosi A, Zappa F. Fully-integrated CMOS single photon counter. Opt Express, 2007, 15(6):2874 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19532523
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    Received: 22 September 2013 Revised: 03 November 2013 Online: Published: 01 April 2014

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      Lixia Zheng, Jin Wu, Longxing Shi, Shuiqing Xi, Siyang Liu, Weifeng Sun. Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(4): 045011. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/4/045011 L X Zheng, J Wu, L X Shi, S Q Xi, S Y Liu, W F Sun. Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(4): 045011. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/4/045011.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Lixia Zheng, Jin Wu, Longxing Shi, Shuiqing Xi, Siyang Liu, Weifeng Sun. Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(4): 045011. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/4/045011

      L X Zheng, J Wu, L X Shi, S Q Xi, S Y Liu, W F Sun. Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(4): 045011. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/4/045011.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      Active quenching circuit for a InGaAs single-photon avalanche diode

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/4/045011
      Funds:

      the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund BK2012559

      Project supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Fund (No. BK2012559)

      More Information
      • Author Bio:

        Jin Wu Wu Jin, Email:jwu@seu.edu.cn

      • Received Date: 2013-09-22
      • Revised Date: 2013-11-03
      • Published Date: 2014-04-01

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