SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level

Xiaobo Wu, Qing Liu, Menglian Zhao and Mingyang Chen

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Zhao Menglian, zhaoml@vlsi.zju.edu.cn

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Abstract: An analog implementation of a novel fixed-frequency quasi-sliding-mode controller for single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck converter in pseudo-continuous conduction mode (PCCM) with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level (SFCL) is presented. Both small and large signal variations around the operation point are considered to achieve better transient response so as to reduce the cross-regulation of this SIDO buck converter. Moreover, an internal integral loop is added to suppress the steady-state regulation error introduced by conventional PWM-based sliding mode controllers. Instead of keeping it as a constant value, the free-wheeling current level varies according to the load condition to maintain high power efficiency and less cross-regulation at the same time. To verify the feasibility of the proposed controller, an SIDO buck converter with two regulated output voltages, 1.8 V and 3.3 V, is designed and fabricated in HEJIAN 0.35 μm CMOS process. Simulation and experiment results show that the transient time of this SIDO buck converter drops to 10 μs while the cross-regulation is reduced to 0.057 mV/mA, when its first load changes from 50 to 100 mA.

Key words: DC-DC converterfast-responsesliding mode controlsingle-inductor dual-outputPCCM



[1]
Chang J M, Pedram M. Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages. IEEE Trans VLSI Syst, 1997, 5(4):436 doi: 10.1109/92.645070
[2]
Burd T D, Pering T A, Stratakos A J, et al. A dynamic voltage scaled microprocessor system. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35(11):1571 doi: 10.1109/4.881202
[3]
Xu W, Li Y, Gong X, et al. A dual-mode single-inductor dual-output switching converter with small ripple. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2010, 25(3):614 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2033927
[4]
Ma D, Ki W H, Tsui C Y, et al. Single-inductor multiple-output switching converters with time-multiplexing control in discontinuous conduction mode. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(1):89 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2002.806279
[5]
Ma D, Ki W H, Tsui C Y. A pseudo-CCM/DCM SIMO switching converter with freewheel switching. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(6):1007 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.811976
[6]
Yang Y, Sun L, Wu X. A single-inductor dual-output buck converter with self-adapted PCCM method. Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits, 2009:89 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5394182/?reload=true&arnumber=5394182&contentType=Conference%20Publications
[7]
Zhang Y, Ma D. Digitally controlled integrated pseudo-CCM SIMO converter with adaptive freewheel current modulation. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2010:284 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5433657/
[8]
Zhang Y, Bondade R, Ma D, et al. An integrated SIDO boost power converter with adaptive freewheel switching technique. Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010:3516 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5433657/
[9]
Utkin V, Guldner J, Shi J X. Sliding mode control in electro-mechanical system. London, UK:Taylor & Francis, 1999 doi: 10.1177/0954410014527251
[10]
S C Tan, Lai Y M, Tse C K. General design issues of sliding-mode controllers in DC-DC converters. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2008, 55(30):1160 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4401191/authors
[11]
Tan S C, Lai Y M, Tse C K. A unified approach to the design of PWM-based sliding-mode voltage controllers for basic DC-DC converters in continuous conduction mode. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst, 2006, 53(8):1816 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2006.879052
[12]
Tan S C, Lai Y M, Tse C K, et al. A fixed-frequency pulsewidth modulation based quasi-sliding-mode controller for buck converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2005, 20(6):1379 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.857556
[13]
Liu Q, Wu X, Yin L. Fixed-frequency quasi-sliding mode controller for single-inductor-dual-output buck converter in pseudo continuous conduction mode. Electrical Power System and Computers, EEIC, 2011, 3:697 doi: 10.1007%2F978-3-642-21747-0_89
Fig. 1.  (a) Schematic diagram of PCCM SIDO buck converter with a quasi-SM controller. (b) Signal waveforms of the PCCM SIDO buck converter with quasi-SM controller.

Fig. 2.  Comparison of three different control methods of PCCM SIDO buck converter.

Fig. 4.  Inductor current waveform at different load condition (a) without (b) with self-adaptive free-wheeling current level.

Fig. 3.  Simulations results of different free-wheeling current levels.

Fig. 5.  (a) Inductor current sensor. (b) Capacitor current sensor.

Fig. 6.  (a) Schematic diagram of $U_{\rm Leq}$ generator. (b) Signal waveforms of $U_{\rm Leq}$ generator.

Fig. 7.  Equivalent control signal $U^{\ast}_{\rm eq1}$ generator.

Fig. 8.  Control flowchart of the proposed self-adaptive free-wheeling current level control mechanism.

Fig. 9.  Block diagram of PCCM SIDO buck converter with quasi-sliding mode controller.

Fig. 10.  Microphotograph of PCCM SIDO buck converter.

Fig. 11.  Transient waveforms of PCCM SIDO buck converters when the first load changes from (a) 100 to 50 mA, (b) 50 to 10 mA. (3.3 V output voltage; 1.8 V output voltage)

Fig. 13.  (a) Steady state signal waveforms of S2 gate drive signal and two output voltages. (b) 1.8 V output voltage ripple.

Table 1.   Specifications of the SIDO buck converter.

Table 2.   Comparison of PCCM SIDO buck converter.

[1]
Chang J M, Pedram M. Energy minimization using multiple supply voltages. IEEE Trans VLSI Syst, 1997, 5(4):436 doi: 10.1109/92.645070
[2]
Burd T D, Pering T A, Stratakos A J, et al. A dynamic voltage scaled microprocessor system. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35(11):1571 doi: 10.1109/4.881202
[3]
Xu W, Li Y, Gong X, et al. A dual-mode single-inductor dual-output switching converter with small ripple. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2010, 25(3):614 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2033927
[4]
Ma D, Ki W H, Tsui C Y, et al. Single-inductor multiple-output switching converters with time-multiplexing control in discontinuous conduction mode. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(1):89 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2002.806279
[5]
Ma D, Ki W H, Tsui C Y. A pseudo-CCM/DCM SIMO switching converter with freewheel switching. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(6):1007 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.811976
[6]
Yang Y, Sun L, Wu X. A single-inductor dual-output buck converter with self-adapted PCCM method. Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits, 2009:89 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5394182/?reload=true&arnumber=5394182&contentType=Conference%20Publications
[7]
Zhang Y, Ma D. Digitally controlled integrated pseudo-CCM SIMO converter with adaptive freewheel current modulation. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2010:284 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5433657/
[8]
Zhang Y, Bondade R, Ma D, et al. An integrated SIDO boost power converter with adaptive freewheel switching technique. Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010:3516 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5433657/
[9]
Utkin V, Guldner J, Shi J X. Sliding mode control in electro-mechanical system. London, UK:Taylor & Francis, 1999 doi: 10.1177/0954410014527251
[10]
S C Tan, Lai Y M, Tse C K. General design issues of sliding-mode controllers in DC-DC converters. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2008, 55(30):1160 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4401191/authors
[11]
Tan S C, Lai Y M, Tse C K. A unified approach to the design of PWM-based sliding-mode voltage controllers for basic DC-DC converters in continuous conduction mode. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst, 2006, 53(8):1816 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2006.879052
[12]
Tan S C, Lai Y M, Tse C K, et al. A fixed-frequency pulsewidth modulation based quasi-sliding-mode controller for buck converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2005, 20(6):1379 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.857556
[13]
Liu Q, Wu X, Yin L. Fixed-frequency quasi-sliding mode controller for single-inductor-dual-output buck converter in pseudo continuous conduction mode. Electrical Power System and Computers, EEIC, 2011, 3:697 doi: 10.1007%2F978-3-642-21747-0_89
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    Received: 07 June 2012 Revised: 11 August 2012 Online: Published: 01 January 2013

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      Xiaobo Wu, Qing Liu, Menglian Zhao, Mingyang Chen. Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(1): 015007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/1/015007 X B Wu, Q Liu, M L Zhao, M Y Chen. Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(1): 015007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/1/015007.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Xiaobo Wu, Qing Liu, Menglian Zhao, Mingyang Chen. Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(1): 015007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/1/015007

      X B Wu, Q Liu, M L Zhao, M Y Chen. Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(1): 015007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/1/015007.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      Monolithic quasi-sliding-mode controller for SIDO buck converter with a self-adaptive free-wheeling current level

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/1/015007
      Funds:

      the Analog Devices, Inc 

      the National Natural Science Foundation of China 60906012

      Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60906012) and the Analog Devices, Inc. (ADI)

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      • Corresponding author: Zhao Menglian, zhaoml@vlsi.zju.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2012-06-07
      • Revised Date: 2012-08-11
      • Published Date: 2013-01-01

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