J. Semicond. > 2013, Volume 34 > Issue 9 > 094012, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012
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SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators

Yangyang Lu, Yonghui Tian and Lin Yang

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yang Lin, Email:oip@semi.ac.cn

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Abstract: We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than -22.5 dB and -15.5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.

Key words: eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, microring resonators, thermo-optic effect, Si photonic wire, silicon-on-insulator



[1]
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[2]
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[3]
Xiao F, Juswardy B, Alameh. Novel broadband reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer employing custom fiber arrays and opto-VLSI processors. Opt Express, 2008, 16(16):11703 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.011703
[4]
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[12]
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[13]
Zhang L, Ji R Q, Tian Y H, et al. Simultaneous implementation of XOR and XNOR operations using a directed logic circuit based on two microring resonators. Opt Express, 2011, 19(7):6524 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.006524
[14]
Tian Y H, Zhang L, Ji R Q, et al. Proof of concept of directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(9):1650 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.001650
[15]
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[16]
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[17]
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[18]
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[19]
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[20]
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[22]
Mathlouthi W, Rong H S, Paniccia M. Characterization of efficient wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in sub-micron silicon waveguides. Opt Express, 2008, 16(21):16735 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.016735
[23]
Dong P, Qian W, Liang H, et al. Low power and compact reconfigurable multiplexing devices based on silicon microring resonators. Opt Express, 2010, 18(10):9852 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.009852
[24]
Geng M M, Jia L X, Zhang L, et al. Four-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on photonic wire waveguide. Opt Express, 2009, 17(10):5502
[25]
Dong P, Qian W, Liang H, et al. Thermally tunable silicon racetrack resonators with ultralow tuning power. Opt Express, 2010, 18(19):20298 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020298
Fig. 1.  Schematic of the 8-channel ROADMs.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 2.  Micrographs of the fabricated ROADM. Scanning electron microscope images of (a) the SSC, (b) the end face of the SSC, (c) the microheater, (d) the air trenches, (e) the elliptical mode expander at the waveguide crossing, and (f) microscope image of the ROADM.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 4.  The "input to drop" response spectral with thermal tuning to achieve (a) 100 GHz and (b) 50 GHz channel spacings. ($A, B, C$ and $D$ represent the adjacent channel crosstalk, 3 dB bandwidth, drop extinction ratio and channel spacing, respectively.)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 5.  The "input to through" response spectra after thermal tuning to achieve (a) 100 GHz and (b) 50 GHz channel spacings. ($A$ represents the through extinction ratio.)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 3.  Experimental setup for the static response of the device (ASE: amplified spontaneous emission source, TVS: tunable voltage source, DUT: device under test, OSA: optical spectral analyzer).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 6.  The "add to through" response spectra after thermal tuning to achieve (a) 100 GHz and (b) 50 GHz channel spacings.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 7.  The "add to through" response spectra after thermal tuning to achieve (a) 100 GHz and (b) 50 GHz channel spacings.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 8.  (a) The drop response spectra with different tuning power consumptions, and (b) the resonant wavelength shift versus tuning power for the $R_{1}$.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
Fig. 9.  The dynamic response waveform.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
[1]
Allen M, Liou C, Melle S, et al. Digital optical networks using photonic integrated circuits (PICs) address the challenges of reconfigurable optical networks. IEEE Commun Mag, 2008, 46(1):35 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2008.4427228
[2]
Zhu H, Mukherjee B. Online connection provisioning in metro optical WDM networks using reconfigurable OADMs. J Lightwave Technol, 2005, 23(10):2893 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2005.856155
[3]
Xiao F, Juswardy B, Alameh. Novel broadband reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer employing custom fiber arrays and opto-VLSI processors. Opt Express, 2008, 16(16):11703 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.011703
[4]
Eldada L, Fujita J, Radojevic A, et al. 40-channel ultra-low-power compact PLC-based ROADM subsystem. Proc OFC/NFOEC, 2006 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1636806/
[5]
Zong L, Huang X, Wang T, et al. A novel tunable DeMUX/MUX solution for WSS-based ROADM and WXC nodes. Proc OFC/NFOEC, 2007 https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-novel-tunable-demuxmux-solution-for-wss-based-roadm-and-wxc-nod
[6]
Earnshaw M P, Cappuzzo M, Chen E, et al. Planar lightwave circuit based reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer architectures and reusable subsystem module. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2005, 11(2):313 doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2005.846542
[7]
Ryf R, Su Y, Moller L, et al. Wavelength blocking filter with flexible data rates and channel spacing. J Lightwave Technol, 2005, 23(1):54 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2004.840346
[8]
Geng M, Jia L, Zhang L, et al. Four-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on photonic wire waveguide. Opt Express, 2009, 17(7):5502 doi: 10.1364/OE.17.005502
[9]
Klein E J, Geuzebroek D H, Kelderman H, et al. Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer using microring resonators. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2005, 17(11):2358 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2005.858131
[10]
Xu Q, Schmidt B, Pradhan S, et al. Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator. Nature, 2005, 435:325 doi: 10.1038/nature03569
[11]
Xu Q, Schmidt B, Shakya J, et al. Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection. Opt Express, 2006, 14(20):9430 https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-14-20-9431
[12]
Zhang L, Ji R Q, Jia L X, et al. Demonstration of directed XOR/XNOR logic gates using two cascaded microring resonators. Opt Lett, 2010, 35(10):1620 doi: 10.1364/OL.35.001620
[13]
Zhang L, Ji R Q, Tian Y H, et al. Simultaneous implementation of XOR and XNOR operations using a directed logic circuit based on two microring resonators. Opt Express, 2011, 19(7):6524 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.006524
[14]
Tian Y H, Zhang L, Ji R Q, et al. Proof of concept of directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(9):1650 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.001650
[15]
Xia F, Sekaric L, Vlasov Y A. Ultra-compact optical buffers on a silicon chip. Nature Photon, 2007, 1:65 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2006.42
[16]
Tian Y H, Zhang L, Ji R Q, et al. Demonstration of a directed optical decoder using two cascaded microring resonators. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(17):3314 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003314
[17]
Tian Y H, Zhang L, Ji R Q, et al. Demonstration of a directed optical encoder using microring-resonator-based optical switches. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(19):3795 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.003795
[18]
Ji R Q, Yang L, Zhang L, et al. Microring-resonator-based four-port optical router for photonic networks-on-chip. Opt Express, 2011, 19(20):18945 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.018945
[19]
Bogaerts W, Dumon P, van Thourhout D, et al. Low-loss, low-cross-talk crossings for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic waveguides. Opt Lett, 2007, 32(3):2801 https://www.osapublishing.org/ol/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-32-19-2801
[20]
Bock P J, Cheben P, Schmid J H, et al. Subwavelength grating crossings for silicon wire waveguides. Opt Express, 2010, 18(15):16146 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.016146
[21]
Fukazawa T, Hirano T, Ohno F, et al. Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides. Jpn J Appl Phys P art 1, 2004, 43(2):646 doi: 10.1143/JJAP.43.646
[22]
Mathlouthi W, Rong H S, Paniccia M. Characterization of efficient wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in sub-micron silicon waveguides. Opt Express, 2008, 16(21):16735 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.016735
[23]
Dong P, Qian W, Liang H, et al. Low power and compact reconfigurable multiplexing devices based on silicon microring resonators. Opt Express, 2010, 18(10):9852 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.009852
[24]
Geng M M, Jia L X, Zhang L, et al. Four-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on photonic wire waveguide. Opt Express, 2009, 17(10):5502
[25]
Dong P, Qian W, Liang H, et al. Thermally tunable silicon racetrack resonators with ultralow tuning power. Opt Express, 2010, 18(19):20298 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.020298

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    Received: 27 February 2013 Revised: 29 March 2013 Online: Published: 01 September 2013

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2013  >  34(9): 094012
      Yangyang Lu, Yonghui Tian, Lin Yang. Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(9): 094012. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012 Y Y Lu, Y H Tian, L Yang. Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(9): 094012. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Yangyang Lu, Yonghui Tian, Lin Yang. Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(9): 094012. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012

      Y Y Lu, Y H Tian, L Yang. Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(9): 094012. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012.
      Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Integrated reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers based on cascaded microring resonators

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/9/094012

      • State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

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      • Corresponding author: Yang Lin, Email:oip@semi.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2013-02-27
      • Revised Date: 2013-03-29
      • Published Date: 2013-09-01

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