SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys

Yingce Yan1, , Qi Wang2 and Huifang Ma1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yan Yingce, Email:yanyingce@163.com

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Abstract: The electronic and optical properties of the ternary GaN1-xBix alloys in the zinc-blende structure are theoretically investigated by first principles calculations. Geometric optimization is performed before all the simulations to get accurate results. The band gaps of the alloys are found to be direct even with x=6.25%, and would become smaller when increasing the Bi compositions. The decrease ratio of band gaps is approximately 227 meV when 1% of N is replaced by Bi in the range of x=0-6.25%. Meanwhile, the absorption coefficient is shown to be significantly changed induced by the incorporation of Bi. These interesting properties indicate that GaN1-xBix alloys could be a promising candidate in future optoelectronic applications.

Key words: GaNBidensity functional calculationelectronic structuresoptical properties



[1]
Pettinari G, Polimeni A, Capizzi M, et al. Influence of bismuth incorporation on the valence and conduction band edges of GaAs1-xBix. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 92:262105 doi: 10.1063/1.2953176
[2]
Walukiewicz W, Shan W, Yu K M, et al. Interaction of localized electronic states with the conduction band:band anticrossing in Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductor ternaries. Phys Rev Lett, 2000, 85:1552 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1552
[3]
Cooke D G, Hegmann F A, Young E C, et al. Electron mobility in dilute GaAs bismide and nitride alloys measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89:12213
[4]
Levander A X, Yu K M, Novikov S V, et al. GaAs1-xBix:extremely mismatched semiconductor alloys. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97:141919 doi: 10.1063/1.3499753
[5]
Levander A X, Novikov S V, Liliental-Weber Z, et al. Growth and transport properties of p-type GaNBi alloys. J Mater Research, 2011, 26(23):2887 doi: 10.1557/jmr.2011.376
[6]
Alberi K, Wu J, Walukiewicz W, et al. Valence-band anticrossing in mismatched Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductor alloys. Phys Rev B, 2007, 75:045203
[7]
Pacebutas V, Bertulis K, Aleksejenko G, et al. Molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs for terahertz optoelectronic applications. J Mater Sci:Mater Electron, 2009, 20:363 doi: 10.1007/s10854-008-9625-1
[8]
Mohmad A R, Bastiman F, Ng J S, et al. Photoluminescence investigation of high quality GaAs1-xBix on GaAs. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98:122107 doi: 10.1063/1.3565244
[9]
Kohn W, Sham L J. Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys Rev A, 1965, 140:1133 doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133
[10]
Furthmuller J, Kachell P, Bechstedt F. Extreme softening of Vanderbilt pseudopotentials:general rules and case studies of first-row and d-electron elements. Phys Rev B, 2000, 61:4576M
[11]
Segall D, Lindan P J D, Probert M J, et al. First-principles simulation:ideas, illustrations and the CASTEP code. J Phys:Condens Matter, 2002, 14:2717 doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/301
[12]
Monkhorst H J, Pack J D. Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. Phys Rev B, 1976, 13:5188 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188
[13]
Mordecai A. Nonlinear programming:analysis and methods. 3rd ed. New York: Dover, 2003
[14]
Leszczynski M, Teisseyre H, Suski T, et al. Lattice parameters of gallium nitride. Appl Phys Lett, 1996, 69:73 doi: 10.1063/1.118123
[15]
Alberi K, Wu J, Walukiewicz W, et al. Valence-band anticrossing in mismatched Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductor alloys. Phys Rev B, 2007, 75:045203
[16]
Usman M, Broderick C A, Lindsaym A, et al. Tight-binding analysis of the electronic structure of dilute bismide alloys of GaP and GaAs. Phys Rev B, 2011, 84:245202 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.245202
[17]
Feneberg M, Roppischer M, Cobet C, et al. Optical properties of cubic GaN from 1 to 20 eV. Phys Rev B, 2012, 85:155207 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.155207
Fig. 1.  Band structure of the GaN.

Fig. 2.  Band structure of GaN$_{1-x}$Bi$_{x}$ with $x=$ 6.25%.

Fig. 3.  Calculated real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function for GaN and GaN$_{1-x}$Bi$_{x}$.

Fig. 4.  The absorption coefficient of GaN and GaN$_{1-x}$Bi$_{x}$.

Table 1.   Calculated equilibrium lattice parameters of GaN and GaN$_{1-x}$Bi$_{x}$.

[1]
Pettinari G, Polimeni A, Capizzi M, et al. Influence of bismuth incorporation on the valence and conduction band edges of GaAs1-xBix. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 92:262105 doi: 10.1063/1.2953176
[2]
Walukiewicz W, Shan W, Yu K M, et al. Interaction of localized electronic states with the conduction band:band anticrossing in Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductor ternaries. Phys Rev Lett, 2000, 85:1552 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1552
[3]
Cooke D G, Hegmann F A, Young E C, et al. Electron mobility in dilute GaAs bismide and nitride alloys measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89:12213
[4]
Levander A X, Yu K M, Novikov S V, et al. GaAs1-xBix:extremely mismatched semiconductor alloys. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97:141919 doi: 10.1063/1.3499753
[5]
Levander A X, Novikov S V, Liliental-Weber Z, et al. Growth and transport properties of p-type GaNBi alloys. J Mater Research, 2011, 26(23):2887 doi: 10.1557/jmr.2011.376
[6]
Alberi K, Wu J, Walukiewicz W, et al. Valence-band anticrossing in mismatched Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductor alloys. Phys Rev B, 2007, 75:045203
[7]
Pacebutas V, Bertulis K, Aleksejenko G, et al. Molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs for terahertz optoelectronic applications. J Mater Sci:Mater Electron, 2009, 20:363 doi: 10.1007/s10854-008-9625-1
[8]
Mohmad A R, Bastiman F, Ng J S, et al. Photoluminescence investigation of high quality GaAs1-xBix on GaAs. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98:122107 doi: 10.1063/1.3565244
[9]
Kohn W, Sham L J. Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys Rev A, 1965, 140:1133 doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133
[10]
Furthmuller J, Kachell P, Bechstedt F. Extreme softening of Vanderbilt pseudopotentials:general rules and case studies of first-row and d-electron elements. Phys Rev B, 2000, 61:4576M
[11]
Segall D, Lindan P J D, Probert M J, et al. First-principles simulation:ideas, illustrations and the CASTEP code. J Phys:Condens Matter, 2002, 14:2717 doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/301
[12]
Monkhorst H J, Pack J D. Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations. Phys Rev B, 1976, 13:5188 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188
[13]
Mordecai A. Nonlinear programming:analysis and methods. 3rd ed. New York: Dover, 2003
[14]
Leszczynski M, Teisseyre H, Suski T, et al. Lattice parameters of gallium nitride. Appl Phys Lett, 1996, 69:73 doi: 10.1063/1.118123
[15]
Alberi K, Wu J, Walukiewicz W, et al. Valence-band anticrossing in mismatched Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductor alloys. Phys Rev B, 2007, 75:045203
[16]
Usman M, Broderick C A, Lindsaym A, et al. Tight-binding analysis of the electronic structure of dilute bismide alloys of GaP and GaAs. Phys Rev B, 2011, 84:245202 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.245202
[17]
Feneberg M, Roppischer M, Cobet C, et al. Optical properties of cubic GaN from 1 to 20 eV. Phys Rev B, 2012, 85:155207 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.155207
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    Received: 17 May 2014 Revised: 03 July 2014 Online: Published: 01 December 2014

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      Yingce Yan, Qi Wang, Huifang Ma. First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(12): 122002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002 Y C Yan, Q Wang, H F Ma. First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(12): 122002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Yingce Yan, Qi Wang, Huifang Ma. First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(12): 122002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002

      Y C Yan, Q Wang, H F Ma. First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(12): 122002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN1-xBix alloys

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002
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      Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB327602) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0686)

      the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB327602) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University No. NCET-13-0686

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      • Corresponding author: Yan Yingce, Email:yanyingce@163.com
      • Received Date: 2014-05-17
      • Revised Date: 2014-07-03
      • Published Date: 2014-12-01

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