SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS

Songting Li, Jiancheng Li, Xiaochen Gu and Zhaowen Zhuang

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Abstract: A fully integrated dual-band RF receiver with a low-IF architecture is designed and implemented for GPS-L1 and Compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS process. The receiver incorporates two independent IF channels with 2 or 4 MHz bandwidth to receive dual-band signals around 1.57 GHz respectively. By implementing a flexible frequency plan, the RF front-end and frequency synthesizer are shared for the dual-band operation to save power consumption and chip area, as well as avoiding LO crosstalk. A digital automatic gain control (AGC) loop is utilized to improve the receiver's robustness by optimizing the conversion gain of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). While drawing about 20 mA per channel from a 1.2 V supply, this RF receiver achieves a minimum noise figure (NF) of about 1.8 dB, an image rejection (IMR) of more than 35 dB, a maximum voltage gain of about 122 dB, a gain dynamic range of 82 dB, and an maximum input-referred 1 dB compression point of about -36.5 dBm with an active die area of 1.5×1.4 mm2 for the whole chip.

Key words: automatic gain controlCMOScompassdual-bandGPSRF receiver



[1]
Prades C, Presti L, Falletti E. Satellite radio localization form GPS to GNSS and beyond:novel technologies and applications for civil mass market. Proc IEEE, 2011, 99:1882 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2158032
[2]
Detratti M, Lopez E, Perez E R, et al. Dual-band RF receiver chip-set for Galileo/GPS applications. IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp, 2008:851 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4569991/authors
[3]
Pizzarulli A, Montagna G, Pini M, et al. Reconfigurable and simultaneous dual band Galileo/GPS front-end receiver in 0.13μm RFCMOS. IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp, 2008:846 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4569990/?arnumber=4569990&contentType=Conference+Publications
[4]
Moon Y, Cha S, Kim G. A 26 mW dual-mode RF receiver for GPS/Galileo with L1/L1F and L5/E5a bands. IEEE Int SoC Design Conf, 2008:Ⅰ-421 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[5]
Wistuba G, Vasylyev A, Haas S, et al. A highly integrated configurable GNSS receiver frontend design for high bandwidth operation on E1/L1 and E5a/L5. Int Conf on Localization and GNSS, 2011:164 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[6]
Jo J, Lee J, Park D, et al. An L1-band dual-mode RF receiver for GPS and Galileo in 0.18-μm CMOS. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2009, 57:919 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2014432
[7]
Qi N, Xu Y, Chi B, et al. A dual-channel Compass/GPS/GLONASS/Galileo reconfigurable GNSS receiver in 65 nm CMOS with on-chip I/Q calibration. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, Reg Papers, 2012, 59:1720 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2012.2206502
[8]
Chen D, Pan W, Jiang P, et al. Reconfigurable dual-channel multiband RF receiver for GPS/Galileo/BD-2 systems. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2012, 60:3491 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2216287
[9]
Tan C, Song F, Choke T, et al. A universal GNSS (GPS/Galileo/Glonass/BeiDou) SoC with a 0.25 mm2 radio in 40 nm CMOS. IEEE Int Solid-State Circ Conf, Tech Dig, 2013:334 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[10]
Sun F, Liu S, Zhu X, et al. Research and progress of Beidou satellite navigation system. Science China:Information Sciences, 2012, 55:2899 doi: 10.1007/s11432-012-4724-2
[11]
Ko J, Kim J, Cho S, et al. A 19-mW 2.6-mm2 L1/L2 dual-band CMOS GPS receiver. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2005, 40:1414 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2005.847326
[12]
Amoroso F. Adaptive A/D converter to suppress CW interference in DSPN spread-spectrum communications. IEEE Trans Commun, 1983, COM-31:1117 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4794795/?reload=true&arnumber=4794795&punumber%3D4794639
[13]
Nguyen T, Oh N, Le V, et al. A low-power CMOS direct conversion receiver with 3-dB NF and 30-kHz flicker-noise corner for 915-MHz band IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee standard. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2006, 54:735 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2005.862636
[14]
Chen D, Yan T, Jin J, et al. A tri-mode Compass/GPS/Galileo RF receiver with all-digital automatic gain control loop. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process, 2011, 70:69 doi: 10.1007/s10470-011-9656-z?no-access=true
[15]
Amoroso F, Bricker J. Performance of the adaptive A/D converter in combined CW and Gaussian interference. IEEE Trans Commun, 1986, COM-34:209 doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1986.1096517
[16]
Moon H, Lee S, Heo S, et al. A 23 mW fully integrated GPS receiver with robust interferer rejection in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE Int Solid-State Circ Conf, Tech Dig, 2010:68 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5434047/?reload=true&arnumber=5434047&contentType=Conference+Publications
Fig. 1.  NF distribution of the dual-band receiver with passive or active antenna.

Fig. 2.  Frequency plan of the dual-band receiver.

Fig. 3.  Block diagram of the dual-band receiver.

Fig. 4.  Power supply scheme.

Fig. 5.  Schematics of the LNA and RFA.

Fig. 6.  The LC calibrator.

Fig. 7.  Quadrature down-converter mixer.

Fig. 8.  Complex band-pass filter.

Fig. 9.  Automatic gain control loop.

Fig. 10.  Die photo of the dual-band receiver.

Fig. 11.  Measured VSWR and Smith chart.

Fig. 12.  Measured output frequency responses.

Fig. 13.  Measured IF phase noise.

Fig. 14.  Measured image rejection (IMR).

Fig. 15.  Measured output IF and noise spectrum.

Fig. 16.  Measured 1-dB compression point.

Table 1.   Operating modes and frequency plan of the dual-band receiver (Unit: MHz).

Table 2.   Distribution of the gain ranges and steps for PGA.

Table 3.   Performance summary and comparison to other state-of-the-art devices.

[1]
Prades C, Presti L, Falletti E. Satellite radio localization form GPS to GNSS and beyond:novel technologies and applications for civil mass market. Proc IEEE, 2011, 99:1882 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2158032
[2]
Detratti M, Lopez E, Perez E R, et al. Dual-band RF receiver chip-set for Galileo/GPS applications. IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp, 2008:851 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4569991/authors
[3]
Pizzarulli A, Montagna G, Pini M, et al. Reconfigurable and simultaneous dual band Galileo/GPS front-end receiver in 0.13μm RFCMOS. IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symp, 2008:846 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4569990/?arnumber=4569990&contentType=Conference+Publications
[4]
Moon Y, Cha S, Kim G. A 26 mW dual-mode RF receiver for GPS/Galileo with L1/L1F and L5/E5a bands. IEEE Int SoC Design Conf, 2008:Ⅰ-421 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[5]
Wistuba G, Vasylyev A, Haas S, et al. A highly integrated configurable GNSS receiver frontend design for high bandwidth operation on E1/L1 and E5a/L5. Int Conf on Localization and GNSS, 2011:164 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[6]
Jo J, Lee J, Park D, et al. An L1-band dual-mode RF receiver for GPS and Galileo in 0.18-μm CMOS. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2009, 57:919 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2014432
[7]
Qi N, Xu Y, Chi B, et al. A dual-channel Compass/GPS/GLONASS/Galileo reconfigurable GNSS receiver in 65 nm CMOS with on-chip I/Q calibration. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, Reg Papers, 2012, 59:1720 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2012.2206502
[8]
Chen D, Pan W, Jiang P, et al. Reconfigurable dual-channel multiband RF receiver for GPS/Galileo/BD-2 systems. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2012, 60:3491 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2216287
[9]
Tan C, Song F, Choke T, et al. A universal GNSS (GPS/Galileo/Glonass/BeiDou) SoC with a 0.25 mm2 radio in 40 nm CMOS. IEEE Int Solid-State Circ Conf, Tech Dig, 2013:334 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001/meta
[10]
Sun F, Liu S, Zhu X, et al. Research and progress of Beidou satellite navigation system. Science China:Information Sciences, 2012, 55:2899 doi: 10.1007/s11432-012-4724-2
[11]
Ko J, Kim J, Cho S, et al. A 19-mW 2.6-mm2 L1/L2 dual-band CMOS GPS receiver. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2005, 40:1414 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2005.847326
[12]
Amoroso F. Adaptive A/D converter to suppress CW interference in DSPN spread-spectrum communications. IEEE Trans Commun, 1983, COM-31:1117 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4794795/?reload=true&arnumber=4794795&punumber%3D4794639
[13]
Nguyen T, Oh N, Le V, et al. A low-power CMOS direct conversion receiver with 3-dB NF and 30-kHz flicker-noise corner for 915-MHz band IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee standard. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2006, 54:735 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2005.862636
[14]
Chen D, Yan T, Jin J, et al. A tri-mode Compass/GPS/Galileo RF receiver with all-digital automatic gain control loop. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process, 2011, 70:69 doi: 10.1007/s10470-011-9656-z?no-access=true
[15]
Amoroso F, Bricker J. Performance of the adaptive A/D converter in combined CW and Gaussian interference. IEEE Trans Commun, 1986, COM-34:209 doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1986.1096517
[16]
Moon H, Lee S, Heo S, et al. A 23 mW fully integrated GPS receiver with robust interferer rejection in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE Int Solid-State Circ Conf, Tech Dig, 2010:68 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5434047/?reload=true&arnumber=5434047&contentType=Conference+Publications
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    Received: 05 July 2013 Revised: 13 August 2013 Online: Published: 01 February 2014

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      Songting Li, Jiancheng Li, Xiaochen Gu, Zhaowen Zhuang. Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001 S T Li, J C Li, X C Gu, Z W Zhuang. Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Songting Li, Jiancheng Li, Xiaochen Gu, Zhaowen Zhuang. Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001

      S T Li, J C Li, X C Gu, Z W Zhuang. Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      Dual-band RF receiver for GPS-L1 and compass-B1 in a 55-nm CMOS

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/2/025001
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      Project supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project for the Postgraduates of National University of Defense Technology

      • Received Date: 2013-07-05
      • Revised Date: 2013-08-13
      • Published Date: 2014-02-01

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