SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films

Kh. S. Karimov1, 2, M. Saleem1, 3, M. Mahroof-Tahir4, R. Akram1, M.T. Saeed Chanee5 and A.K. Niaz1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: M. Saleem, Email: msaleem108@hotmail.com; drsaleem@ymail.com

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Abstract: A resistive-type relative humidity (RH) sensor based on vanadium complex (VO2(3-fl)) film is reported in this study. Gold electrodes were deposited on the glass substrates in a co-planar structure. A thin film of vanadium complex was coated as a humidity-sensing material on the top of the pre-patterned electrodes. The humidity-sensing principle of the sensor was based on the conductivity change of coated sensing element upon adsorption/desorption of water vapor. The resistance of the humidity sensor measured at 1 kHz decreased linearly with increasing the humidity in the range of 35%-70% RH. The overall resistance of the sensor decreases 11 times. An equivalent circuit for the VO2(3-fl) based resistive-type humidity sensor was developed. The properties of the sensor studied in this work make it beneficial for use in the instruments for environmental monitoring of humidity.

Key words: vanadium complexthin filmhumidity sensorresistance



[1]
Jain S, Chakane S, Samui A B, et al. Humidity sensing with weak acid-doped polyaniline and its composites. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2003, 96:124
[2]
Maddanimath T, Mulla I S, Sainkar S R, et al. Humidity sensing properties of surface functionalised polyethylene and polypropylene films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2002, 81:141
[3]
Lee C W, Rhee H W, Gong M S. Humidity sensor using epoxy resin containing quaternary ammonium salts. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2001, 73:124
[4]
Lee C W, Park H S, Kim J G, et al. Polymeric humidity sensor using organic/inorganic hybrid polyelectrolytes. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 109:315
[5]
Kulwicki B M. Humidity sensors. J Amer Ceramic Soc, 1991, 74:697 doi: 10.1111/jace.1991.74.issue-4
[6]
Karimov Kh S, Qazi I, Khan T A, et al. Humidity and illumination organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine sensor for environmental monitoring. Environ Monit Assess, 2008, 141:323 doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9898-5
[7]
Harsányi G. Polymeric sensing films:new horizons in sensorics. Mater Chem Phys, 1996, 43:199 doi: 10.1016/0254-0584(95)01629-9
[8]
Anchisini R, Faglia G, Gallazzi M C, et al. Polyphosphazene membrane as a very sensitive resistive and capacitive humidity sensor. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 1996, 35:99
[9]
Tai W P, Kim J G, Oh J H, et al. Preparation and humidity sensing behaviors of nanostructured potassium tantalate:titania films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 105:199
[10]
Faia P M, Furtado C S, Ferreira A J. Humidity sensing properties of a thick-film titania prepared by a slow spinning process. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2004, 101:183
[11]
Misra P, Shukla R K, Bali L M, et al. EPR studies of some thick film ferrates, aluminates and their correlation with humidity sensitivity. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2003, 94:210
[12]
Przyluski J, Wieczorek W. Proton polymeric electrolytes-a review. Synthetic Metals, 1991, 45:323 doi: 10.1016/0379-6779(91)91788-C
[13]
Ahmad Z, Sayyad M H, Saleem M, et al. Humidity-dependent characteristics of methyl-red thin film-based Ag/methyl-red/Ag surface-type cell. Physica E, 2008, 41:18 doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2008.05.018
[14]
Lv X, Li Y, Li P, et al. A resistive-type humidity sensor based on crosslinked polyelectrolyte prepared by UV irradiation. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2009, 135:581
[15]
Su P G, Ho C J, Sun Y L, et al. A micromachined resistive-type humidity sensor with a composite material as sensitive film. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2006, 113:837
[16]
Yoo K P, Lim L T, Min N K, et al. Novel resistive-type humidity sensor based on multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide composite films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2010, 145:120
[17]
Kim D U, Gong M S. Thick films of copper-titanate resistive humidity sensor. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 110:321
[18]
Shimizu K I, Chinzei I, Nishiyama H, et al. Doped-vanadium oxides as sensing materials for high temperature operative selective ammonia gas sensors. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2009, 141:410
[19]
Wang C T, Chen M T. Vanadium-promoted tin oxide semiconductor carbon monoxide gas sensors. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2010, 150:360
[20]
Carotta M C, Ferroni M, Gherardi S, et al. Thick-film gas sensors based on vanadium-titanium oxide powders prepared by sol-gel synthesis. J Europ Ceram Soci, 2004, 24:1409 doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00418-7
[21]
Lavacchi A, Cortigiani B, Rovida G, et al. Composition and structure of tin/vanadium oxide surfaces for chemical sensing applications A. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2000, 71:123
[22]
Zakharova G S, Volkov V L. Intercalation compounds based on vanadium (V) oxide xerogel. Russian Chem Revi, 2003, 72:311 doi: 10.1070/RC2003v072n04ABEH000762
[23]
Schilling O, Colbow K. A mechanism for sensing reducing gases with vanadium pentoxide films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 1994, 21:151
[24]
Mitzi D B, Chondroudis K, Kagan C R. Organic-inorganic electronics. IBM J Res Develop, 2001, 45:29 doi: 10.1147/rd.451.0029
[25]
Rittersma Z. Recent achievements in miniaturised humidity sensors-a review of transduction techniques. Sens Actuat A:Physical, 2002, 96:196
[26]
Geng W, Wang R, Li X, et al. Humidity sensitive property of Li-doped mesoporous silica SBA-15. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2007, 127:323
[27]
Ernsberger F M. The nonconformist ion. J Amer Ceram Soc, 1983, 66:747 doi: 10.1111/jace.1983.66.issue-11
Fig. 1.  Molecular structure of ${\text{(V}}{{\text{O}}_{_{\text{2}}}}{\text{(3 - fl))}}$

Fig. 2.  Cross-sectional view of the Au/${\text{(V}}{{\text{O}}_{_{\text{2}}}}{\text{(3 - fl))}}$/Au surface-type resistive humidity sensor.

Fig. 3.  Resistance–humidity relationship for Au/${\text{(V}}{{\text{O}}_{_{\text{2}}}}{\text{(3 - fl))}}$/Au surface-type resistive humidity sensor.

Fig. 4.  Resistance response and recovery time to RH % variation for Au/${\text{(V}}{{\text{O}}_{_{\text{2}}}}{\text{(3 - fl))}}$/Au surface-type resistive humidity sensor

Fig. 5.  (a)Detailed and(b)simplified equivalent circuit of the Au/${\text{(V}}{{\text{O}}_{_{\text{2}}}}{\text{(3 - fl))}}$/Au surface-type resistive humidity sensor.

[1]
Jain S, Chakane S, Samui A B, et al. Humidity sensing with weak acid-doped polyaniline and its composites. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2003, 96:124
[2]
Maddanimath T, Mulla I S, Sainkar S R, et al. Humidity sensing properties of surface functionalised polyethylene and polypropylene films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2002, 81:141
[3]
Lee C W, Rhee H W, Gong M S. Humidity sensor using epoxy resin containing quaternary ammonium salts. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2001, 73:124
[4]
Lee C W, Park H S, Kim J G, et al. Polymeric humidity sensor using organic/inorganic hybrid polyelectrolytes. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 109:315
[5]
Kulwicki B M. Humidity sensors. J Amer Ceramic Soc, 1991, 74:697 doi: 10.1111/jace.1991.74.issue-4
[6]
Karimov Kh S, Qazi I, Khan T A, et al. Humidity and illumination organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine sensor for environmental monitoring. Environ Monit Assess, 2008, 141:323 doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9898-5
[7]
Harsányi G. Polymeric sensing films:new horizons in sensorics. Mater Chem Phys, 1996, 43:199 doi: 10.1016/0254-0584(95)01629-9
[8]
Anchisini R, Faglia G, Gallazzi M C, et al. Polyphosphazene membrane as a very sensitive resistive and capacitive humidity sensor. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 1996, 35:99
[9]
Tai W P, Kim J G, Oh J H, et al. Preparation and humidity sensing behaviors of nanostructured potassium tantalate:titania films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 105:199
[10]
Faia P M, Furtado C S, Ferreira A J. Humidity sensing properties of a thick-film titania prepared by a slow spinning process. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2004, 101:183
[11]
Misra P, Shukla R K, Bali L M, et al. EPR studies of some thick film ferrates, aluminates and their correlation with humidity sensitivity. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2003, 94:210
[12]
Przyluski J, Wieczorek W. Proton polymeric electrolytes-a review. Synthetic Metals, 1991, 45:323 doi: 10.1016/0379-6779(91)91788-C
[13]
Ahmad Z, Sayyad M H, Saleem M, et al. Humidity-dependent characteristics of methyl-red thin film-based Ag/methyl-red/Ag surface-type cell. Physica E, 2008, 41:18 doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2008.05.018
[14]
Lv X, Li Y, Li P, et al. A resistive-type humidity sensor based on crosslinked polyelectrolyte prepared by UV irradiation. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2009, 135:581
[15]
Su P G, Ho C J, Sun Y L, et al. A micromachined resistive-type humidity sensor with a composite material as sensitive film. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2006, 113:837
[16]
Yoo K P, Lim L T, Min N K, et al. Novel resistive-type humidity sensor based on multiwall carbon nanotube/polyimide composite films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2010, 145:120
[17]
Kim D U, Gong M S. Thick films of copper-titanate resistive humidity sensor. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2005, 110:321
[18]
Shimizu K I, Chinzei I, Nishiyama H, et al. Doped-vanadium oxides as sensing materials for high temperature operative selective ammonia gas sensors. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2009, 141:410
[19]
Wang C T, Chen M T. Vanadium-promoted tin oxide semiconductor carbon monoxide gas sensors. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2010, 150:360
[20]
Carotta M C, Ferroni M, Gherardi S, et al. Thick-film gas sensors based on vanadium-titanium oxide powders prepared by sol-gel synthesis. J Europ Ceram Soci, 2004, 24:1409 doi: 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00418-7
[21]
Lavacchi A, Cortigiani B, Rovida G, et al. Composition and structure of tin/vanadium oxide surfaces for chemical sensing applications A. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2000, 71:123
[22]
Zakharova G S, Volkov V L. Intercalation compounds based on vanadium (V) oxide xerogel. Russian Chem Revi, 2003, 72:311 doi: 10.1070/RC2003v072n04ABEH000762
[23]
Schilling O, Colbow K. A mechanism for sensing reducing gases with vanadium pentoxide films. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 1994, 21:151
[24]
Mitzi D B, Chondroudis K, Kagan C R. Organic-inorganic electronics. IBM J Res Develop, 2001, 45:29 doi: 10.1147/rd.451.0029
[25]
Rittersma Z. Recent achievements in miniaturised humidity sensors-a review of transduction techniques. Sens Actuat A:Physical, 2002, 96:196
[26]
Geng W, Wang R, Li X, et al. Humidity sensitive property of Li-doped mesoporous silica SBA-15. Sens Actuat B:Chem, 2007, 127:323
[27]
Ernsberger F M. The nonconformist ion. J Amer Ceram Soc, 1983, 66:747 doi: 10.1111/jace.1983.66.issue-11
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    Received: 21 January 2014 Revised: 20 February 2014 Online: Published: 01 September 2014

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      Kh. S. Karimov, M. Saleem, M. Mahroof-Tahir, R. Akram, M.T. Saeed Chanee, A.K. Niaz. Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 094001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094001 Kh. S. Karimov, M. Saleem, M. Mahroof-Tahir, R. Akram, M. T. S. Chanee, A.K. Niaz. Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(9): 094001. doi:  10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094001.Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Kh. S. Karimov, M. Saleem, M. Mahroof-Tahir, R. Akram, M.T. Saeed Chanee, A.K. Niaz. Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 094001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094001

      Kh. S. Karimov, M. Saleem, M. Mahroof-Tahir, R. Akram, M. T. S. Chanee, A.K. Niaz. Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(9): 094001. doi:  10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094001.
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      Resistive humidity sensor based on vanadium complex films

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094001
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      • Corresponding author: M. Saleem, Email: msaleem108@hotmail.com; drsaleem@ymail.com
      • Received Date: 2014-01-21
      • Revised Date: 2014-02-20
      • Published Date: 2014-09-01

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