SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots

Licai Hao1, Zhongchen Bai2, Shuijie Qin2 and Zhengping Zhang1,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Zhang Zhengping, Email: zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn

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Abstract: This work studied the effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots (QDs). The result showed that, by the formula of phase change, with increasing the reaction temperature, the latent heat in the nucleation of QDs reduced. CdSe QDs with the size-dispersion from 2.7 to 3.6 nm were synthesized via oleic acid-paraffin liquid system by controlling the reaction temperature from 180 to 220 ℃. Synthesized QDs were characterized by UV-vis absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of UV-vis absorption spectra showed that with increasing of reaction temperature, the first absorption peak was red-shifted and the size of QD increased. The result of XRD showed that the synthesized QDs were zinc-blende structure.

Key words: latent heatCdSe quantum dotsphase changezinc-blende structure



[1]
Schlamp M C, Peng X, Alivisatos A P. Improved efficiencies in light emitting diodes made with CdSe (CdS) core/shell type nanocrystals. J Appl Phys, 1997, 82: 5837 doi: 10.1063/1.366452
[2]
Klein D L, Roth R, Lim A K L, et al. A single-electron transistor made from a cadmium selenide nanocrystals. Nature, 1997, 389: 699 doi: 10.1038/39535
[3]
Li L S, Alivisatos A P. Semiconductor nanorod liquid crystals and their assembly on a substrate. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 408 doi: 10.1002/adma.200390093
[4]
Huynh W U, Dittmer J J, A Paul A. Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells. Science, 2002, 295: 2425 doi: 10.1126/science.1069156
[5]
Klimov V I, Mikhailovsky A A, Xu S, et al. Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystals quantum dots. Science, 2000, 290: 314 doi: 10.1126/science.290.5490.314
[6]
Charvet N, Reiss P, Roget A, et al. Biotinylated CdSe/ZnSe nanocrystals for specific fluorescent labeling. J Mater Chem, 2004, 14: 2638 doi: 10.1039/B403714F
[7]
Murray C B, Norris D J, Bawendi M G. Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E=sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115: 8706 doi: 10.1021/ja00072a025
[8]
Peng X G, Wickham J, Alivisatos A P. Kinetics of Ⅱ-Ⅵ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals growth: "focusing" of size distributions. J Am Chem Soc, 1998, 120: 5343 doi: 10.1021/ja9805425
[9]
Aldana J, Wang Y A, Peng X. Photochemical instability of CdSe nanocrystals coated by hydrophilic thiols. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 8844 doi: 10.1021/ja016424q
[10]
Qu L, Peng Z A, Peng X. Alternative routes toward high quality CdSe nanocrystals. Nano Lett, 2001, 1: 333 doi: 10.1021/nl0155532
[11]
Liu Y, Kim M, Wang Y, et al. Highly luminescent, stable, and water-soluble CdSe/CdS core-shell dendron nanocrystals with carboxylate anchoring groups. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 6341 doi: 10.1021/la052747e
[12]
Peck J H, Kim J J, Kang C, et al. A study of accurate latent heat measurement for a PCM with a low melting temperature using T-history method. Int J Refrig, 2006, 29: 1225 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.12.014
[13]
Hong H, Sun K K, Kim Y S. Accuracy improvement of T-history method for measuring heat of fusion of various materials. Int J Refrig, 2004, 27: 360 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2003.12.006
[14]
Zhou J X, Liu R X, Chen L L, et al. The approaches of latent heat treatment. China Foundry, 2001, 50: 404
[15]
Errai M, Kaaouachi A E, Idrissi H E. Variable range hopping conduction in n-CdSe samples at very low temperature. J Semicond, 2015, 36: 122001 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/12/122001
[16]
Deng Z T, Cao L, Tang F Q T, et al. A new route to zinc-blende CdSe nanocrystals: mechanism and synthesis. J Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 16671 doi: 10.1021/jp052484x
[17]
Brus L. Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory. J Phys Chem, 1986, 90: 2555 doi: 10.1021/j100403a003
[18]
Yu W W, Qu L, Guo W, et al. Experimental determination of the extinction coefficient of CdTe, CdSe and CdS nanocrystals. Chem Mater, 2004, 15: 2854 doi: 10.1021/cm034081k
[19]
Dantas N O, Qu F, Monte A F G, et al. Optical properties of Ⅳ-Ⅵ quantum dots embedded in glass: size-effects. J Non-Cryst Solids, 2006, 352(32): 3525
[20]
Chen G. Nanoscale energy transport and conversion: a parallel treatment of electrons, molecules, phonons, and photons (the ninth chapter: liquid and the interface). 1st ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2014
[21]
Song G Z, Zhang D, Liu B. Study on the interaction potential of CdSe. Chin J Semicond, 2007, 28: 410 http://www.oalib.com/paper/1521284
Fig. 1.  Absorption spectra of CdSe QDs synthesized at the temperature of 180, 190, 200, 210, and 220 ℃.

Fig. 2.  The fitting curve of the reaction temperature on the size of CdSe QDs.

Fig. 3.  X-ray diffraction patterns of CdSe QDs.

Fig. 4.  The fitting curve of the relation between latent heat and the temperature.

Table 1.   The values of latent heat calculated by equation of solid-liquid phase change at different temperatures.

[1]
Schlamp M C, Peng X, Alivisatos A P. Improved efficiencies in light emitting diodes made with CdSe (CdS) core/shell type nanocrystals. J Appl Phys, 1997, 82: 5837 doi: 10.1063/1.366452
[2]
Klein D L, Roth R, Lim A K L, et al. A single-electron transistor made from a cadmium selenide nanocrystals. Nature, 1997, 389: 699 doi: 10.1038/39535
[3]
Li L S, Alivisatos A P. Semiconductor nanorod liquid crystals and their assembly on a substrate. Adv Mater, 2003, 15: 408 doi: 10.1002/adma.200390093
[4]
Huynh W U, Dittmer J J, A Paul A. Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells. Science, 2002, 295: 2425 doi: 10.1126/science.1069156
[5]
Klimov V I, Mikhailovsky A A, Xu S, et al. Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystals quantum dots. Science, 2000, 290: 314 doi: 10.1126/science.290.5490.314
[6]
Charvet N, Reiss P, Roget A, et al. Biotinylated CdSe/ZnSe nanocrystals for specific fluorescent labeling. J Mater Chem, 2004, 14: 2638 doi: 10.1039/B403714F
[7]
Murray C B, Norris D J, Bawendi M G. Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E=sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J Am Chem Soc, 1993, 115: 8706 doi: 10.1021/ja00072a025
[8]
Peng X G, Wickham J, Alivisatos A P. Kinetics of Ⅱ-Ⅵ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals growth: "focusing" of size distributions. J Am Chem Soc, 1998, 120: 5343 doi: 10.1021/ja9805425
[9]
Aldana J, Wang Y A, Peng X. Photochemical instability of CdSe nanocrystals coated by hydrophilic thiols. J Am Chem Soc, 2001, 123: 8844 doi: 10.1021/ja016424q
[10]
Qu L, Peng Z A, Peng X. Alternative routes toward high quality CdSe nanocrystals. Nano Lett, 2001, 1: 333 doi: 10.1021/nl0155532
[11]
Liu Y, Kim M, Wang Y, et al. Highly luminescent, stable, and water-soluble CdSe/CdS core-shell dendron nanocrystals with carboxylate anchoring groups. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 6341 doi: 10.1021/la052747e
[12]
Peck J H, Kim J J, Kang C, et al. A study of accurate latent heat measurement for a PCM with a low melting temperature using T-history method. Int J Refrig, 2006, 29: 1225 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.12.014
[13]
Hong H, Sun K K, Kim Y S. Accuracy improvement of T-history method for measuring heat of fusion of various materials. Int J Refrig, 2004, 27: 360 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2003.12.006
[14]
Zhou J X, Liu R X, Chen L L, et al. The approaches of latent heat treatment. China Foundry, 2001, 50: 404
[15]
Errai M, Kaaouachi A E, Idrissi H E. Variable range hopping conduction in n-CdSe samples at very low temperature. J Semicond, 2015, 36: 122001 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/12/122001
[16]
Deng Z T, Cao L, Tang F Q T, et al. A new route to zinc-blende CdSe nanocrystals: mechanism and synthesis. J Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 16671 doi: 10.1021/jp052484x
[17]
Brus L. Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory. J Phys Chem, 1986, 90: 2555 doi: 10.1021/j100403a003
[18]
Yu W W, Qu L, Guo W, et al. Experimental determination of the extinction coefficient of CdTe, CdSe and CdS nanocrystals. Chem Mater, 2004, 15: 2854 doi: 10.1021/cm034081k
[19]
Dantas N O, Qu F, Monte A F G, et al. Optical properties of Ⅳ-Ⅵ quantum dots embedded in glass: size-effects. J Non-Cryst Solids, 2006, 352(32): 3525
[20]
Chen G. Nanoscale energy transport and conversion: a parallel treatment of electrons, molecules, phonons, and photons (the ninth chapter: liquid and the interface). 1st ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2014
[21]
Song G Z, Zhang D, Liu B. Study on the interaction potential of CdSe. Chin J Semicond, 2007, 28: 410 http://www.oalib.com/paper/1521284
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    Received: 30 May 2016 Revised: 12 October 2016 Online: Published: 01 April 2017

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      Licai Hao, Zhongchen Bai, Shuijie Qin, Zhengping Zhang. The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(4): 042004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/4/042004 L C Hao, Z C Bai, S J Qin, Z P Zhang. The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots[J]. J. Semicond., 2017, 38(4): 042004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/4/042004.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Licai Hao, Zhongchen Bai, Shuijie Qin, Zhengping Zhang. The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(4): 042004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/4/042004

      L C Hao, Z C Bai, S J Qin, Z P Zhang. The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots[J]. J. Semicond., 2017, 38(4): 042004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/4/042004.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      The effect of differential temperatures on the latent heat in the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/4/042004
      Funds:

      the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China 2014DFA00670

      Project supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 11204046), the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China (No. 2014DFA00670) and the Guizhou Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China (No. QKHG[2011]7001)

      the National Natural Science Fund of China 11204046

      the Guizhou Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China QKHG[2011]7001

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      • Corresponding author: Zhang Zhengping, Email: zpzhang@gzu.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2016-05-30
      • Revised Date: 2016-10-12
      • Published Date: 2017-04-01

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