REVIEWS

Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Yurui Wang, Mei Zhang, Ke Xiao, Renxing Lin, Xin Luo, Qiaolei Han and Hairen Tan

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 Corresponding author: Hairen Tan, Email: hairentan@nju.edu.cn

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Abstract: Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have received widespread attention thanks to their strong light absorption, long carrier diffusion lengths, tunable bandgaps, and low temperature processing. Single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a boost of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 25.2% in just a decade. With the continuous growth of PCE in single-junction PSCs, exploiting of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells is now an important strategy to go beyond the efficiency available in single-junction PSCs. In this review, we first introduce the structure and operation mechanism of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell. We then summarize recent progress in monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells from the perspectives of different structural units in the device: tunnel recombination junction, wide-bandgap top subcell, and narrow-bandgap bottom subcell. Finally, we provide our insights into the challenges and scientific issues remaining in this rapidly developing research field.

Key words: perovskite solar cellsmonolithic tandemmonolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cellstability



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Fig. 1.  (Color online) The PCE evolution of single-junction PSCs and all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Fig. 2.  (Color online) (a) Schematic structure of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells. (b) Absorption of different wavelengths of light by different bandgap subcells. (c) Solar irradiance spectrum showing the spectral regions over which the two semiconductors could absorb. Reproduced with permission[56]. (d) Theoretical efficiency limit for monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells, calculated with different subcell thicknesses, each picked to optimize the performance for each bandgap combination. Reproduced with permission[23].

Fig. 3.  (Color online) Schematic of the structure and bandgap tuning of perovskite. (a) Perovskite structure and selectable bandgap tuning ions. (b) UV–vis absorption spectra of the MAPb(I1–xBrx)3. Reproduced with permission[60]. (c) UV–vis absorbance spectra of the FAPbIyBr3–y. Reproduced with permission[24]. (d) Absorption onset in CsPb(BrxI1–x)3 with increasing bromine content. Reproduced with permission[21]. (e) UV–vis absorbance spectra of perovskite films made with increasing DMA percentage of the A-site, with 0% bromine (top) and 20% bromine (below). DMA addition was compensated in an equimolar manner with addition of Cs. Reproduced with permission[63]. (f) Bandgap values obtained from the Tauc plot and PL spectra of FASnxPb1−xI3 perovskites (top); bandgap values calculated using the first-principles method (bottom). Reproduced with permission[53]. (g) PL spectra of (FASnI3)x(MAPbI3)1–x with different x values. Reproduced with permission[68].

Fig. 4.  (Color online) Schematic structures of all-perovskite tandem solar cells with different tunnel recombination junctions. (a) Structure of a tandem solar cell with a lamination for connecting subcells. Reproduced with permission[52]. (b) Structure of a tandem solar cell using PEDOT:PSS as the charge recombination layer. Reproduced with permission[79]. (c) Structure of a tandem solar cell using TaTm:F6-TCNNQ as the charge recombination layer. Reproduced with permission[72]. (d) Structure of a tandem solar cell using spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT: PSS/PEI/PCBM: PEI as the tunnel recombination junction. Reproduced with permission[74]. (e) Cross-section SEM images of a tandem solar cell using ITO as the charge recombination layer and SnO2 as the buffer layer. Reproduced with permission[53]. (f) Structure of a tandem solar cell using ITO as the charge recombination layer and Bis-C60 as the buffer layer. Reproduced with permission[73]. (g) Structure of a tandem solar cell using ITO as the charge recombination layer and Ag/MoO3 as the buffer layer. Reproduced with permission[76]. (h) Cross-sectional SEM of a tandem solar cell using AZO/IZO as the charge recombination layer. Reproduced with permission[63]. (i) Structure of a tandem solar cell using Au/SnO2 as the tunnel recombination junction. Reproduced with permission[54].

Fig. 5.  (Color online) Performance of all-perovskite tandem solar cell with improved performance in the wide-bandgap top subcell. (a) J–V cures of tandem solar cell using FA0.83Cs0.17Pb (I0.5Br0.5)3 as the top subcell. Reproduced with permission[53]. (b) J–V cures of tandem solar cell using MA0.9Cs0.1Pb(I0.6Br0.4) as the top subcell. Reproduced with permission[73]. (c) J–V cures of tandem solar cell using DMA0.1FA0.6Cs0.3PbI2.4Br0.6 as the top subcell. Reproduced with permission[63].

Fig. 6.  (Color online) Performance of all-perovskite tandem solar cell with improved performance in the narrow-bandgap bottom subcell. (a, b) EQE and J–V cures of a tandem solar cell using FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 as the bottom subcell. Reproduced with permission[75]. (c, d) EQE and J–V cures of a tandem solar cell using (FASnI3)0.6 (MAPbI3)0.4-2.5%Cl as the bottom subcell. Reproduced with permission[76]. (e, f) EQE and J–V cures of a tandem solar cell using Cd-FA0.5MA0.45Cs0.05Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 as the bottom subcell. Reproduced with permission[90]. (g) EQE and J–V cures of a tandem solar cell using (FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4 as the bottom subcell. Reproduced with permission[77]. (h–j) EQE and J–V cures and MPP of a tandem solar cell using FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 as the bottom subcell. Reproduced with permission[54].

Table 1.   Structure, bandgap matching, and performance parameters of all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

YearDevice structureBandgap matching
(eV/eV)
PCE (%)Voc (V)Jsc
(mA/cm2)
FF (%)Area (cm2)Ref.
2015FTO/bl-TiO2/MAPbBr3/HTM/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/Au2.25/1.5510.42.258.3560.0960[52]
2016ITO/NiOx/FA0.83Cs0.17PbI0.83Br0.17/PCBM/SnO2/ZTO/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3/PCBM/BCP/Ag1.80/1.2016.91.6614.5700.2000[53]
2017ITO/NiOx/MA0.9Cs0.1Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3/C60/Bis-C60/ITO/ PEDOT: PSS/MASn0.5Pb0.5I3/IC60BA/Bis-C60/Ag1.80/1.2018.41.9812.7730.1000[73]
2018ITO/PTAA/FA0.6Cs0.4Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3/C60/SnO2/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3/C60/BCP/Ag1.76/1.2718.71.8114.870/[75]
2018ITO/PTAA/FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3/C60/BCP/Ag/MoOx/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/(FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4/PCBM/BCP/Ag1.75/1.2521.01.9214780.1050[76]
2019ITO/PTAA/(FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.7Br0.3)3/C60/BCP/Ag/MoOx/ITO/PEDOT: PSS/(FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4/PCBM/BCP/Ag1.75/1.2523.41.9415.0800.1050[77]
2019ITO/PolyTPD/PFN-Br/DMA0.1FA0.6Cs0.3PbI2.4Br0.6/LiF/C60/PEIE/AZO/IZO/PEDOT: PSS/FA0.75Cs0.25Sn0.5Pb0.5I3/C60/BCP/Au1.7/1.2720.61.8215.3374/[78]
2019ITO/PTAA/FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3/C60/SnO2/Au/PEDOT: PSS/FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.5Sn0.5I3/C60/BCP/Cu1.77/1.2224.81.9615.6810.0730[54]
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    Received: 01 March 2020 Revised: 17 March 2020 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 17 April 2020Uncorrected proof: 20 April 2020Published: 13 May 2020

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      Yurui Wang, Mei Zhang, Ke Xiao, Renxing Lin, Xin Luo, Qiaolei Han, Hairen Tan. Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(5): 051201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/5/051201 Y R Wang, M Zhang, K Xiao, R X Lin, X Luo, Q L Han, H R Tan, Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2020, 41(5): 051201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/5/051201.Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Yurui Wang, Mei Zhang, Ke Xiao, Renxing Lin, Xin Luo, Qiaolei Han, Hairen Tan. Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(5): 051201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/5/051201

      Y R Wang, M Zhang, K Xiao, R X Lin, X Luo, Q L Han, H R Tan, Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2020, 41(5): 051201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/5/051201.
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      Recent progress in developing efficient monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells

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        Yurui Wang ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

        Mei Zhang ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

      • Corresponding author: Email: hairentan@nju.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2020-03-01
      • Revised Date: 2020-03-17
      • Published Date: 2020-05-01

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