J. Semicond. > 2024, Volume 45 > Issue 4 > 040203, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter

Mo Huang, Yuanfei Wang, Rui P. Martins and Yan Lu

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 Corresponding author: Mo Huang, mohuang@um.edu.mo

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[1]
Seeman M D, Sanders S R. Analysis and optimization of switched-capacitor DC–DC converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2008, 23, 841 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.915182
[2]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Luo P, et al. Adaptive maximum power point tracking with model-based negative feedback control and improved V–f model. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2021, 68, 3103 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2021.3097825
[3]
Le H P, Sanders S R, Alon E. Design techniques for fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converters. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2011, 46, 2120 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2011.2159054
[4]
Butzen N, Steyaert M. Design of single-topology continuously scalable-conversion-ratio switched- capacitor DC–DC converters. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2019, 54, 1039 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2884351
[5]
Kim H, Maeng J, Park I, et al. A dual-mode continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC energy harvesting interface with SC-based PFM MPPT and flying capacitor sharing scheme. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2021, 56, 2724 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3048481
[6]
Yoon Y, Gi H, Lee J, et al. A continuously-scalable-conversion-ratio step-up/down SC energy-harvesting interface with MPPT enabled by real-time power monitoring with frequency-mapped capacitor DAC. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap, 2022, 69, 1820 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3139708
[7]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC converter with reconfigurable VCF step for high efficiency over an extended VCR range. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42615.2023.10067756
[8]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Martins R P, et al. A SIDO/DISO VCF-step-reconfigurable continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC converter achieving 91.4%/92.6% peak efficiency and almost-lossless channel switching. 2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2024, 506 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC49657.2024.10454453
[9]
Butzen N, Krishnarnurthy H. Ahmed Z, et al. A monolithic 26A/mm2 Imax, 88.5% peak-efficiency continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor DC-DC converter. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 232 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42615.2023.10067583
[10]
Butzen N, Krishnamurthy H, Yu J, et al. A monolithic 12.7W/mm2-Pmax, 92% peak-efficiency CSCR-first switched-capacitor DC-DC converter. 2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2024, 462 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC49657.2024.10454555
[11]
Butzen N, Steyaert M S J. Design of soft-charging switched-capacitor DC–DC converters using stage outphasing and multiphase soft-charging. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2017, 52, 3132 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2017.2733539
[12]
Yang X, Cao H X, Xue C K, et al. An 8A 998A/inch3 90.2% peak efficiency 48V-to-1V DC-DC converter adopting on-chip switch and GaN hybrid power conversion. 2021 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2021, 466 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42613.2021.9366005
[13]
Yuan J Y, Liu Z G, Wu F, et al. A 12V/24V-to-1V DSD power converter with 56mV droop and 0.9μs 1% settling time for a 3A/20ns load transient. 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731701
[14]
Hu T X, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A 4A 12-to-1 flying capacitor cross-connected DC-DC converter with inserted D>0.5 control achieving >2x transient inductor current slew rate and 0.73 × theoretical minimum output undershoot of DSD. 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731669
[15]
Hu T, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A 12V-to-1V quad-output switched-capacitor buck converter with shared DC capacitors achieving 90.4% peak efficiency and 48mA/mm3 power density at 85% efficiency. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 184 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2023.3301068
[16]
Y Lu, G Cai, J Huang. Favorable basic cells for hybrid DC–DC converters. J Semicond, 2023, 44, 040301 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/4/040301
Fig. 1.  (Color online) (a) Charging and (b) discharging phases of a 2 : 1 SC converter, (c) VCF waveforms of 2 : 1 SC converter when VOUT = VIN/2 and VIN/3, and (d) desired VCF waveform of a CSC.

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Fig. 2.  (Color online) Recent advancements in CSC DC−DC converters.

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[1]
Seeman M D, Sanders S R. Analysis and optimization of switched-capacitor DC–DC converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron, 2008, 23, 841 doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.915182
[2]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Luo P, et al. Adaptive maximum power point tracking with model-based negative feedback control and improved V–f model. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2021, 68, 3103 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2021.3097825
[3]
Le H P, Sanders S R, Alon E. Design techniques for fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converters. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2011, 46, 2120 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2011.2159054
[4]
Butzen N, Steyaert M. Design of single-topology continuously scalable-conversion-ratio switched- capacitor DC–DC converters. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2019, 54, 1039 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2884351
[5]
Kim H, Maeng J, Park I, et al. A dual-mode continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC energy harvesting interface with SC-based PFM MPPT and flying capacitor sharing scheme. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2021, 56, 2724 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2020.3048481
[6]
Yoon Y, Gi H, Lee J, et al. A continuously-scalable-conversion-ratio step-up/down SC energy-harvesting interface with MPPT enabled by real-time power monitoring with frequency-mapped capacitor DAC. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap, 2022, 69, 1820 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3139708
[7]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC converter with reconfigurable VCF step for high efficiency over an extended VCR range. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42615.2023.10067756
[8]
Wang Y F, Huang M, Martins R P, et al. A SIDO/DISO VCF-step-reconfigurable continuously scalable-conversion-ratio SC converter achieving 91.4%/92.6% peak efficiency and almost-lossless channel switching. 2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2024, 506 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC49657.2024.10454453
[9]
Butzen N, Krishnarnurthy H. Ahmed Z, et al. A monolithic 26A/mm2 Imax, 88.5% peak-efficiency continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor DC-DC converter. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 232 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42615.2023.10067583
[10]
Butzen N, Krishnamurthy H, Yu J, et al. A monolithic 12.7W/mm2-Pmax, 92% peak-efficiency CSCR-first switched-capacitor DC-DC converter. 2024 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2024, 462 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC49657.2024.10454555
[11]
Butzen N, Steyaert M S J. Design of soft-charging switched-capacitor DC–DC converters using stage outphasing and multiphase soft-charging. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2017, 52, 3132 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2017.2733539
[12]
Yang X, Cao H X, Xue C K, et al. An 8A 998A/inch3 90.2% peak efficiency 48V-to-1V DC-DC converter adopting on-chip switch and GaN hybrid power conversion. 2021 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2021, 466 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42613.2021.9366005
[13]
Yuan J Y, Liu Z G, Wu F, et al. A 12V/24V-to-1V DSD power converter with 56mV droop and 0.9μs 1% settling time for a 3A/20ns load transient. 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731701
[14]
Hu T X, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A 4A 12-to-1 flying capacitor cross-connected DC-DC converter with inserted D>0.5 control achieving >2x transient inductor current slew rate and 0.73 × theoretical minimum output undershoot of DSD. 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2022, 1 doi: 10.1109/ISSCC42614.2022.9731669
[15]
Hu T, Huang M, Lu Y, et al. A 12V-to-1V quad-output switched-capacitor buck converter with shared DC capacitors achieving 90.4% peak efficiency and 48mA/mm3 power density at 85% efficiency. 2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), 2023, 184 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2023.3301068
[16]
Y Lu, G Cai, J Huang. Favorable basic cells for hybrid DC–DC converters. J Semicond, 2023, 44, 040301 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/4/040301

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    Received: 14 March 2024 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 27 March 2024Uncorrected proof: 27 March 2024Published: 10 April 2024

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2024  >  45(4): 040203
      Mo Huang, Yuanfei Wang, Rui P. Martins, Yan Lu. Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(4): 040203. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203 M Huang, Y F Wang, R P. Martins, Y Lu. Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter[J]. J. Semicond, 2024, 45(4): 040203. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Mo Huang, Yuanfei Wang, Rui P. Martins, Yan Lu. Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(4): 040203. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203

      M Huang, Y F Wang, R P. Martins, Y Lu. Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter[J]. J. Semicond, 2024, 45(4): 040203. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203
      Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Recent advancements in continuously scalable conversion-ratio switched-capacitor converter

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/4/040203

      • State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China

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      • Author Bio:

        Mo Huang Mo Huang (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in microelectronics and solid-state electronics from Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, in 2005, 2008, and 2014, respectively. From 2008 to 2014, he was an IC Design Engineer and Project Manager with Rising Microelectronic Ltd., Guangzhou, China. From 2015 to 2016, he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow with the State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI (AMSV), University of Macau, Macau, China. From 2017 to 2019, he was with the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, as an Associate Professor. He is currently an Assistant Professor with AMSV and Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macao, China. His current research interests are power management integrated circuits and systems. Dr. Huang is serving as an Associate Editor of Microelectronics Journal since 2021. He has served as Technical Program Committee member of multiple conferences. He was a recipient of the ISSCC 2017 Takuo Sugano Award for Outstanding Far-East Paper

        Yuanfei Wang Yuanfei Wang (Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in microelectronics and solid-state electronics from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2015 and 2020, respectively. From 2021 to 2023, he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow with Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute and University of Science and Technology of China, Zhuhai, China. He is currently a Post-Doctoral Fellow with the State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI (AMSV), University of Macau, Macao, China. His current research interests are power management integrated circuits and energy harvesting system

        Rui P. Martins Rui P. Martins (F’08), received the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computers from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal, in 1992, and has been with that Department since October 1980, where he is a Full Professor. From 1992, he has been on leave from University of Lisbon and with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China, where he is a Chair-Professor since Aug. 2013. His research interests are on analog and mixed-signal VLSI design and has authored or co-authored 900+ publications, including 10 books, 12 book chapters, 50 Patents, 300+ papers in scientific journals and 400+ in conference proceedings. He was the Founding Director of the State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, between 2011 and 2022, and is currently the Director of the Institute of Microelectronics, both at the University of Macau, Macao, China. Prof. Rui Martins is an IEEE Fellow, received an Author Recognition Award at the 70 years of ISSCC, in 2023, as a Top Contributor with more than 50 papers, and 3 Medals from Macao Government in 1999, 2001 and 2021. Since July 2010 he is an Academician with the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, Portugal

        Yan Lu Yan Lu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electronic and computer engineering from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong, China, in 2013. In 2014, he joined the State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, University of Macau, Macao, China, where he is currently an Associate Professor. He has authored/coauthored more than 150 peer-reviewed technical articles and two books. His research interests include wireless power transfer circuits and systems, high-density integrated power converters and voltage regulators. Dr. Lu is serving as a TPC Member for ISSCC and CICC. He was a recipient/co-recipient of the NSFC Excellent Young Scientist Fund (Hong Kong-Macau) in 2021, the Macao Science and Technology Award Second Prizes in 2018 and 2020, the IEEE CAS Society Outstanding Young Author Award in 2017, the ISSCC 2017 Takuo Sugano Award for Outstanding Far-East Paper, and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Pre-Doctoral Achievement Award for the term 2013–2014. He has served as a Guest Editor for the IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS (JSSC) in 2022 and 2023, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—Ⅰ: REGULAR PAPERS (TCAS-I) in 2019, and the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—Ⅱ: EXPRESS BRIEFS (TCAS-II) in 2018 and 2019, and has been serving as a Young Editor for the Journal of Semiconductors since 2021. He is serving as an IEEE SSCS Distinguished Lecturer for the term 2022–2023

      • Corresponding author: mohuang@um.edu.mo
      • Received Date: 2024-03-14
        Available Online: 2024-03-27

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