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Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics

Xiaohao Ma1, 2, Zhengfan Jiang1 and Yuanjing Lin1, 2,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yuanjing Lin, linyj2020@sustech.edu.cn

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Abstract: With the growing market of wearable devices for smart sensing and personalized healthcare applications, energy storage devices that ensure stable power supply and can be constructed in flexible platforms have attracted tremendous research interests. A variety of active materials and fabrication strategies of flexible energy storage devices have been intensively studied in recent years, especially for integrated self-powered systems and biosensing. A series of materials and applications for flexible energy storage devices have been studied in recent years. In this review, the commonly adopted fabrication methods of flexible energy storage devices are introduced. Besides, recent advances in integrating these energy devices into flexible self-powered systems are presented. Furthermore, the applications of flexible energy storage devices for biosensing are summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the self-powered sensing system for wearable electronics are discussed.

Key words: flexible electronicsenergy storage devicesself-powered systemswearable bioelectronics



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Fig. 1.  (Color online) The fabrication methods and energy sources for flexible energy storage devices and their applications in wearable biosensing[815].

Fig. 2.  (Color online) Chemical methods for flexible energy storage devices fabrication. (a) Two-step hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2 nanosheet-assembled hollow polyhedrons on carbon cloth[20]. (b) Metal-like conductive paper electrodes based on Au nanoparticle assembly followed by nickel electroplating[10]. (c) A microwave-assisted rapid sysnthesis of nickel-iron-based catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air battery[32]. (d) Synthesis of 3D nanofiber electrode via CVD[36].

Fig. 3.  (Color online) Physical methods for flexible energy storage devices fabrication. (a) The coating process to achieve flexible CNT-based cathodes[42]. (b) Infiltration of electrospun porous polyimide nanowires for sulfide solid elelctrolyte membranes[44]. (c) Fabrication of graphite/Si hybrid electrode via sputtering[46]. (d) Schematic of the 3D printed interdigital electrodes for micro-supercapacitors[11].

Fig. 4.  (Color online) Self-powered systems consists of flexible energy storage devices and energy harvesting components. (a) Schematic of a printable self-powered system consists of solar cells, supercapacitors and gas sensor[60]. (b) Design of a thermocell for harvesting body heat and charging supercapacitors[63]. (c) Self-powered cloth consists of TENG, supercapacitor and wearable sensor[69]. (d) An all-solid-state self-powered system with high performance PENG using a particular mesoporous film[73].

Fig. 5.  (Color online) Physiological sensing systems integrated with flexible energy storage devices. (a) An all-in-one, and flexible self-powered sodium sensing patch with wireless data transmission[78]. (b) A self-powered smartwatch for non-invasive sweat glucose monitoring[92]. (c) Schematic of a self-powered system with pH sensor and its performance under dynamic bending conditions[79]. (d) A self-powered wristband that can power up LED as an indicator of gas detection[60].

Fig. 6.  (Color online) Physical sensing systems integrated with flexible energy storage devices. (a) A screen-printed flexible solid-state supercapacitor for self-powered pulse sensing[106]. (b) Schematic illustration of an integrated self-powered tactile sensor[114]. (c) The structure design of the FBG sensor for in-situ temperature measurement[117]. (d) Integration of the dual-mode strain sensor and supercapacitor on a deformable substrate[126].

Table 1.   Summary of recent flexible energy storage devices integrated with sensing systems.

CategoryMaterialCycleCapacitance/CapacityNoveltyBiosensing applicationRef.
SupercapacitorGraphene-silver-3D foam25 00038 mF/cm2Excellent cycling stabilitypH sensor[79]
The sheath-core yarn10 000761.2 mF/cm2Highly stretchableStrain sensor[80]
Nanosheets of CoSe2 on CNT4000593.5 mF/cm2Superior mechanical stabilityOpto-sensor[81]
Textile10 000644 mF/cm2Excellent flexible stabilityGlucose sensor[82]
Boron-carbon nanosheets10 000534.5 F/cm3Large interlayer conductivityPulse sensor[83]
Sweat as the electrolyte400010 mF/cm2Sustainable and safeSweat sensor[40]
Lithium-air battery1000680 mA·h/gHigh energy densityPhysiological sensor[84]
BatteryZinc-air battery60002.6 mA·h/cm2High safety and high force-resistanceGesture sensor[85]
Zinc-MnO2 battery1000277.5 mA·h/gHighly compressiblePressure sensor[86]
Aqueous zinc-ion fiber5000371 mA·h/gHigh specific capacityStrain sensor[87]
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    Received: 30 June 2021 Revised: 28 August 2021 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 06 September 2021Uncorrected proof: 08 September 2021Published: 15 October 2021

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      Xiaohao Ma, Zhengfan Jiang, Yuanjing Lin. Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(10): 101602. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/101602 X H Ma, Z F Jiang, Y J Lin, Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(10): 101602. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/101602.Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Xiaohao Ma, Zhengfan Jiang, Yuanjing Lin. Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(10): 101602. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/101602

      X H Ma, Z F Jiang, Y J Lin, Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(10): 101602. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/101602.
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      Flexible energy storage devices for wearable bioelectronics

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/101602
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      • Author Bio:

        Xiaohao Ma received his B.E. degree from Southern University of Science and Technology in 2018. He is currently a PhD student in the joint program of Southern University of Science and Technology and Hong Kong Polytechnic University. His research focuses on textile-based sensors

        Zhengfan Jiang was admitted by Southern University of Science and Technology in 2018 and is currently a senior student at the School of Microelectronics. His research interests focus on flexible electronics and electrochemical devices

        Yuanjing Lin received her Ph.D degree in Electronic and Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2018. From 2019 to 2020, she was a Postdoctoral Fellow in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. She is currently an Assistant Professor at the Southern University of Science and Technology. Her research interests focus on flexible electronics and wearable sensing systems

      • Corresponding author: linyj2020@sustech.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2021-06-30
      • Revised Date: 2021-08-28
      • Published Date: 2021-10-10

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