J. Semicond. > 2014, Volume 35 > Issue 9 > 093004, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004
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SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS

Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes

Fuxue Wang, Xiaolong Cai, Dawei Yan, Zhaomin Zhu, Shaoqing Xiao and Xiaofeng Gu

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Wang Fuxue, Email:wangfuxue@jiangnan.edu.cn

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Abstract: ZnO nanotubes have been fabricated through a carbon thermal reduction deposition process. Structure characterization results show that the ZnO nanotubes have a single crystalline wurtzite hexagonal structure preferentially oriented in the c-axis. The diameters of ZnO nanotubes are in the range of 90-280 nm and the wall thickness is about 50-100 nm. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements of the ZnO nanotubes exhibit an intensive ultraviolet peak at 377 nm and a broad peak centered at about 517 nm. The UV emission is caused by the near band edge emission while the green emission may be attributed to both oxygen vacancy and the surface state. Raman and cathodoluminescence spectra are also discussed. Finally, a possible growth mechanism of the ZnO nanotubes is proposed.

Key words: ZnO, nanotubes, photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, growth mechanism



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[24]
Yu Q, Yu C, Yang H, et al. Growth of dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals under mild conditions and their photoluminescence properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 2007, 46(15):6204 doi: 10.1021/ic070008a
[25]
Feng L, Liu A, Ma Y, et al. Structural and optical properties of ZnO whiskers grown on ZnO-coated silicon substrates by non-catalytic thermal evaporation process. Physica E:Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2010, 42(7):1928
[26]
Xing Y, Xi Z, Zhang X, et al. Nanotubular structures of zinc oxide. Solid State Commun, 2004, 129(10):671 doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2003.11.049
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Morin S A, Bierman M J, Tong J, et al. Mechanism and kinetics of spontaneous nanotube growth driven by screw dislocations. Science, 2010, 328(5977):476 doi: 10.1126/science.1182977
[28]
Taghavi M, Mattoli V, Mazzolai B, et al. Synthesizing tubular and trapezoidal shaped ZnO nanowires by an aqueous solution method. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(8):3505 doi: 10.1039/c3nr34013a
[29]
Chi M, Zhao Y, Fan Q, et al. The synthesis of PrB6 nanowires and nanotubes by self-catalyzed method. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(6):8921 doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.01.046
[30]
Gao P X, Wang Z L. Mesoporous polyhedral cages and shells formed by textured self-assembly of ZnO nanocrystals. J Ame Chem Soc, 2003, 125(37):11299 doi: 10.1021/ja035569p
Fig. 1.  XRD pattern of as-prepared reaction products

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Fig. 2.  (a) Bright field TEM and (b) HRTEM micrographs of typical ZnO nanotubes. The inset shown in (a) is the corresponding SAED pattern

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Fig. 3.  SEM micrographs of typical ZnO nanotubes(a)and the corresponding CL image(b), (c)PL and CL spectra of ZnO nanotubes at room temperature

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Fig. 4.  Raman spectrum of the ZnO nanotubes

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Fig. 5.  Growth schematic of ZnO nanotubes.(a)Formation of the ZnO$x$ disk.(b)Formation of the ring-like nucleus.(c)Nanotube growth which is driven by screw dislocations.(d)Final shapes of the curving ZnO nanotubes.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
[1]
Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 1991, 354(6348):56 doi: 10.1038/354056a0
[2]
Ceylan H, Ozgit-Akgun C, Erkal T S, et al. Size-controlled conformal nanofabrication of biotemplated three-dimensional TiO2 and ZnO nanonetworks. Scientific Reports, 2013, 3:2306 doi: 10.1038/srep02306
[3]
Kansal S K, Hassan Ali A, Kapoor S, et al. Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of nanosized ZnO for the degradation of rhodamine B dye and simulated dyebath effluent. Sci Adv Mater, 2013, 5(6):630 doi: 10.1166/sam.2013.1531
[4]
Yao Z, Apostoluk A, Shibin L, et al. ZnO nanoparticles as a luminescent down-shifting layer for photosensitive devices. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(5):053005 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/5/053005
[5]
Yongai Z, Chaoxing W, Yong Z, et al. Synthesis and efficient field emission characteristics of patterned ZnO nanowires. Journal of Semiconductors, 2012, 33(2):023001 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/33/2/023001
[6]
Zhitao H, Sisi L, Jinkui C, et al. Controlled growth of well-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays using the improved hydrothermal method. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(6):063002 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/6/063002
[7]
Cho S, Kim D H, Lee B S, et al. Ethanol sensors based on ZnO nanotubes with controllable wall thickness via atomic layer deposition, an O2 plasma process and an annealing process. Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 2012, 162(1):300
[8]
Lu H, Zheng F, Guo M, et al. One-step electrodeposition of single-crystal ZnO nanotube arrays and their optical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 588:217 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.055
[9]
Yu B, Liu C J. Characterization of ZnO nanotube fabricated by the plasma decomposition of Zn (OH)2 via dielectric barrier discharge. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2012, 32(2):201. doi: 10.1007/s11090-011-9337-9
[10]
Qi K, Yang J, Fu J, et al. Morphology-controllable ZnO rings:ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, growth mechanism and photoluminescence properties. Cryst Eng Comm, 2013, 15(34):6729 doi: 10.1039/c3ce27007f
[11]
İeksaç T, Kaya F, Kaya C. Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotubes and its electrophoretic deposition on nickel filter. Mater Lett, 2013, 100:11 doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.02.099
[12]
Yu Q, Yu C, Wang J, et al. Gas sensing properties of self-assembled ZnO nanotube bundles. RSC Adv, 2013, 3(37):16619 doi: 10.1039/c3ra42383b
[13]
Yang J, Lin Y, Meng Y, et al. Oriented ZnO nanotubes arrays decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Appl Phys A, 2013, 114(4):1195
[14]
Zhiming C, Sumei Z, Tongyun C, et al. Acetic acid gas sensors based on Ni2+ doped ZnO nanorods prepared by using the solvothermal method. Journal of Semiconductors, 2012, 33(11):112003 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/33/11/112003
[15]
Patra M, Manzoor K, Manoth M, et al. Studies of luminescence properties of ZnO and ZnO:Zn nanorods prepared by solution growth technique. Journal of Luminescence, 2008, 128(2):267 doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2007.08.005
[16]
DjurišiA, Choy W C, Roy V A L, et al. Photoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance of ZnO tetrapod structures. Adv Functional Mater, 2004, 14(9):856 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1616-3028
[17]
Wu X, Siu G, Fu C, et al. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence studies of stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient ZnO films. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 78(16):2285 doi: 10.1063/1.1361288
[18]
Cheng C, Sie E, Liu B, et al. Surface plasmon enhanced band edge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 96(7):071107 doi: 10.1063/1.3323091
[19]
Zhang H, Shen L, Guo S. Insight into the structures and properties of morphology-controlled legs of tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111(35):12939 doi: 10.1021/jp074086v
[20]
Liu Y, Gorla C, Liang S, et al. Ultraviolet detectors based on epitaxial ZnO films grown by MOCVD. J Electron Mater, 2000, 29(1):69 doi: 10.1007/s11664-000-0097-1
[21]
Chen S, Liu Y, Shao C, et al. Structural and optical properties of uniform ZnO nanosheets. Adv Mater, 2005, 17(5):586 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
[22]
Tian X, Pan Z, Zhang H, et al. Preparation and characterization of vertically aligned ZnO microrods on glass substrate. Mater Lett, 2013, 97:71 doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2013.01.116
[23]
Zhang T, Zeng Y, Fan H, et al. Synthesis, optical and gas sensitive properties of large-scale aggregative flowerlike ZnO nanostructures via simple route hydrothermal process. J Phys D:Appl Phys, 2009, 42(4):045103
[24]
Yu Q, Yu C, Yang H, et al. Growth of dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals under mild conditions and their photoluminescence properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 2007, 46(15):6204 doi: 10.1021/ic070008a
[25]
Feng L, Liu A, Ma Y, et al. Structural and optical properties of ZnO whiskers grown on ZnO-coated silicon substrates by non-catalytic thermal evaporation process. Physica E:Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2010, 42(7):1928
[26]
Xing Y, Xi Z, Zhang X, et al. Nanotubular structures of zinc oxide. Solid State Commun, 2004, 129(10):671 doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2003.11.049
[27]
Morin S A, Bierman M J, Tong J, et al. Mechanism and kinetics of spontaneous nanotube growth driven by screw dislocations. Science, 2010, 328(5977):476 doi: 10.1126/science.1182977
[28]
Taghavi M, Mattoli V, Mazzolai B, et al. Synthesizing tubular and trapezoidal shaped ZnO nanowires by an aqueous solution method. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(8):3505 doi: 10.1039/c3nr34013a
[29]
Chi M, Zhao Y, Fan Q, et al. The synthesis of PrB6 nanowires and nanotubes by self-catalyzed method. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(6):8921 doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.01.046
[30]
Gao P X, Wang Z L. Mesoporous polyhedral cages and shells formed by textured self-assembly of ZnO nanocrystals. J Ame Chem Soc, 2003, 125(37):11299 doi: 10.1021/ja035569p

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    Received: 22 February 2014 Revised: 14 April 2014 Online: Published: 01 September 2014

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2014  >  35(9): 093004
      Fuxue Wang, Xiaolong Cai, Dawei Yan, Zhaomin Zhu, Shaoqing Xiao, Xiaofeng Gu. Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 093004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004 F X Wang, X L Cai, D W Yan, Z M Zhu, S Q Xiao, X F Gu. Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(9): 093004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Fuxue Wang, Xiaolong Cai, Dawei Yan, Zhaomin Zhu, Shaoqing Xiao, Xiaofeng Gu. Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 093004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004

      F X Wang, X L Cai, D W Yan, Z M Zhu, S Q Xiao, X F Gu. Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(9): 093004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004.
      Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of ZnO nanotubes

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/093004

      • Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry(Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

      Funds:

      the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK2012110

      Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. JUSRP11230, JUSRP51323B), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2012110), the PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Summit of the Six Top Talents Program of Jiangsu Province (No. DZXX-053)

      the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP51323B

      the PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Summit of the Six Top Talents Program of Jiangsu Province DZXX-053

      the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP11230

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Wang Fuxue, Email:wangfuxue@jiangnan.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2014-02-22
      • Revised Date: 2014-04-14
      • Published Date: 2014-09-01

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