SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY

A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene

Wenchao Min1, 2, , Hao Sun1, Qilian Zhang1, Zhiying Chen3, Yanhui Zhang3, Guanghui Yu3 and Xiaowei Sun1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Min Wenchao, Email:owen1024@163.com

PDF

Abstract: Superior graphene-metal contacts can improve the performance of graphene devices. We report on an experimental demonstration of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene. The transfer length method (TLM) is adopted to measure the resistivity of graphene-metal contacts. We designed a process flow, which can avoid residual photoresist at the interface of metal and graphene. Additionally, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at different temperatures as a post-processing method is studied to improve graphene-metal contact. The results reveal that the contact resistivity of graphene and Ge/Au/Ni/Au can reach 10-5 Ω· cm2 after RTA, and that 350℃ is optimum annealing temperature for the contact of graphene-Ge/Au/Ni/Au. This paper provides guidance for fabrication and applications of graphene devices.

Key words: ohmic contactgrapheneanneal



[1]
Novoselov K S, Gein A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306:666 doi: 10.1126/science.1102896
[2]
Geim A K, Novoselov K S. The rise of graphene. Nature Mater, 2007, 6(3):652 http://www.doc88.com/p-991237495564.html
[3]
Castro A H, Guinea F, Novoselov K S, et al. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mordern Phys, 2009, 81:109 http://www.doc88.com/p-90894169535.html
[4]
Moon J S, Curtis D, Hu M, et al. Epitaxial-graphene RF field-effect transistors on Si-face 6H-SiC substrates. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2009, 30(6):650 doi: 10.1109/LED.2009.2020699
[5]
Palacios T, Hsu A, Wang H. Applications of graphene devices in RF communications. IEEE Commun Mag, 2010, 48(6):122 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5473873
[6]
Dragoman M, Muller A A, Dragoman D, et al. Terahertz antenna based on graphene. J Appl Phys, 2010, 104313:107 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5472381/
[7]
Moon J S, Curtis D, Bui S, et al. Top-gated epitaxial graphene FETs on Si-face SiC wafers with a peak transconductance of 600 mS/mm. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2010, 31(4):260 doi: 10.1109/LED.2010.2040132
[8]
Balci O, Kocabas C. Rapid thermal annealing of graphene-metal contact. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 101(24):243105 doi: 10.1063/1.4769817
[9]
Robinson J A, LaBella M, Zhu M, et al. Contacting graphene. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98(5):053103 doi: 10.1063/1.3549183
[10]
Braslau N, Gunn J B, Staples J L. Metal-semiconductor contacts for GaAs bulk effect devices. Solid-State Electron, 1967, 10(15):138 http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~spieler/physics_198_notes/PDF/VIII-2-c-fab.pdf
[11]
Giovannetti G, Khomyakov P A, Brocks G, et al. Doping graphene with metal contacts. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 101:026803 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803
[12]
Moon J S, Antcliffe M, Seo H C. Ultra-low resistance ohmic contacts in graphene field effect transistors. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 100(20):203512 doi: 10.1063/1.4719579
[13]
Berger H H. Contact resistance and contact resistivity. J Electrochem Soc, 1972, 119(4):507 doi: 10.1149/1.2404240
[14]
Nagashio K, Nishimura T, Kita K, et al. Contact resistivity and current flow path at metal/graphene contact. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97(14):143514 doi: 10.1063/1.3491804
[15]
Li X S, Cai W W, An J H, et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science, 2009, 324(5932):1312 doi: 10.1126/science.1171245
[16]
Murrmann H, Widmann D. Current crowding on metal contacts to planar devices. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1969, 16(12):1022 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1969.16904
Fig. 1.  The process flow of graphene contact devices

Fig. 2.  The experiment devices of graphene-Ge/Au/Ni/Au contact in the view of microscope OLYMPUS BX51u at a magnification of 200 ×

Fig. 3.  (a) I-V curves of samples without annealing and with 300 ℃ RTA at L = 20 $\mu $m. (b) The total resistances depending on sheet length L for different RTA conditions. (c), (d) The resistances and resistivity of contact for different RTA conditions for Ge/Au/Ni/Au

Fig. 4.  (a) The resistances and (b) resistivity of contact for different RTA conditions for Ti/Au

[1]
Novoselov K S, Gein A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306:666 doi: 10.1126/science.1102896
[2]
Geim A K, Novoselov K S. The rise of graphene. Nature Mater, 2007, 6(3):652 http://www.doc88.com/p-991237495564.html
[3]
Castro A H, Guinea F, Novoselov K S, et al. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mordern Phys, 2009, 81:109 http://www.doc88.com/p-90894169535.html
[4]
Moon J S, Curtis D, Hu M, et al. Epitaxial-graphene RF field-effect transistors on Si-face 6H-SiC substrates. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2009, 30(6):650 doi: 10.1109/LED.2009.2020699
[5]
Palacios T, Hsu A, Wang H. Applications of graphene devices in RF communications. IEEE Commun Mag, 2010, 48(6):122 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5473873
[6]
Dragoman M, Muller A A, Dragoman D, et al. Terahertz antenna based on graphene. J Appl Phys, 2010, 104313:107 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5472381/
[7]
Moon J S, Curtis D, Bui S, et al. Top-gated epitaxial graphene FETs on Si-face SiC wafers with a peak transconductance of 600 mS/mm. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2010, 31(4):260 doi: 10.1109/LED.2010.2040132
[8]
Balci O, Kocabas C. Rapid thermal annealing of graphene-metal contact. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 101(24):243105 doi: 10.1063/1.4769817
[9]
Robinson J A, LaBella M, Zhu M, et al. Contacting graphene. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98(5):053103 doi: 10.1063/1.3549183
[10]
Braslau N, Gunn J B, Staples J L. Metal-semiconductor contacts for GaAs bulk effect devices. Solid-State Electron, 1967, 10(15):138 http://www-physics.lbl.gov/~spieler/physics_198_notes/PDF/VIII-2-c-fab.pdf
[11]
Giovannetti G, Khomyakov P A, Brocks G, et al. Doping graphene with metal contacts. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 101:026803 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803
[12]
Moon J S, Antcliffe M, Seo H C. Ultra-low resistance ohmic contacts in graphene field effect transistors. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 100(20):203512 doi: 10.1063/1.4719579
[13]
Berger H H. Contact resistance and contact resistivity. J Electrochem Soc, 1972, 119(4):507 doi: 10.1149/1.2404240
[14]
Nagashio K, Nishimura T, Kita K, et al. Contact resistivity and current flow path at metal/graphene contact. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97(14):143514 doi: 10.1063/1.3491804
[15]
Li X S, Cai W W, An J H, et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science, 2009, 324(5932):1312 doi: 10.1126/science.1171245
[16]
Murrmann H, Widmann D. Current crowding on metal contacts to planar devices. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1969, 16(12):1022 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1969.16904
  • Search

    Advanced Search >>

    GET CITATION

    shu

    Export: BibTex EndNote

    Article Metrics

    Article views: 2495 Times PDF downloads: 11 Times Cited by: 0 Times

    History

    Received: 25 October 2013 Revised: 18 November 2013 Online: Published: 01 May 2014

    Catalog

      Email This Article

      User name:
      Email:*请输入正确邮箱
      Code:*验证码错误
      Wenchao Min, Hao Sun, Qilian Zhang, Zhiying Chen, Yanhui Zhang, Guanghui Yu, Xiaowei Sun. A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(5): 056001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/5/056001 W C Min, H Sun, Q L Zhang, Z Y Chen, Y H Zhang, G H Yu, X W Sun. A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(5): 056001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/5/056001.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Wenchao Min, Hao Sun, Qilian Zhang, Zhiying Chen, Yanhui Zhang, Guanghui Yu, Xiaowei Sun. A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(5): 056001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/5/056001

      W C Min, H Sun, Q L Zhang, Z Y Chen, Y H Zhang, G H Yu, X W Sun. A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(5): 056001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/5/056001.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      A comparative study of Ge/Au/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on graphene

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/5/056001
      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Min Wenchao, Email:owen1024@163.com
      • Received Date: 2013-10-25
      • Revised Date: 2013-11-18
      • Published Date: 2014-05-01

      Catalog

        /

        DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
        Return
        Return