SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni

Linchao Han1, Huajun Shen1, , Kean Liu2, Yiyu Wang1, Yidan Tang1, Yun Bai1, Hengyu Xu1, Yudong Wu2 and Xinyu Liu1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Shen Huajun, Email:shenhuajun@ime.ac.cn

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Abstract: The Ni/Ti/Ni multilayer ohmic contact properties on a 4H-SiC substrate and improved adhesion with the Ti/Au overlayer have been investigated. The best specific contact resistivity of 3.16×10-5 Ω·cm2 was obtained at 1050℃. Compared with Ni/SiC ohmic contact, the adhesion between Ni/Ti/Ni/SiC and the Ti/Au overlayer was greatly improved and the physical mechanism under this behavior was analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurement. It is shown that a Ti-carbide and Ni-silicide compound exist at the surface and there is no graphitic carbon at the surface of the Ni/Ti/Ni structure by Raman spectroscopy, while a large amount of graphitic carbon appears at the surface of the Ni/SiC structure, which results in its bad adhesion. Moreover, the interface of the Ni/Ti/Ni/SiC is improved compared to the interface of Ni/SiC.

Key words: ohmic contactSiCNi/Ti/NiNi2Si



[1]
Lu W J, Mitchel W C, Landis G R, et al. Catalytic graphitization and ohmic contact formation on 4H-SiC. J Appl Phys, 2003, 93: 5397 doi: 10.1063/1.1562737
[2]
Han Ru, Yang Yintang, Wang Ping, et al. Ohmic contact properties of multi-metal film on n-type 4H-SiC. Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 200728(2): 150 http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-BDTX200702001.htm
[3]
Siad M, Abdesslam M, Chami A C. Role of carbon in the formation of ohmic contact in Ni/4H-SiC and Ni/Ti/4H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2012, 258(18): 6819 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.108
[4]
Nikitina I P, Vassilevski K V, Wright N G, et al. Formation and role of graphite and nickel silicide in nickel based ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide. J Appl Phys, 2005, 97: 5397 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5043728
[5]
Barda B, Machá P, Cicho S, et al. Thermal degradation of Ni-based Schottky contacts on 6H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2011, 257(9): 4418 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.077
[6]
Hallin C, Yakimova R, Pécz B, et al. Improved Ni ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC. J Electron Mater, 1997, 26: 119 doi: 10.1007/s11664-997-0136-2
[7]
Marinova T, Kakanakova-Georgieva A, Krastev V, et al. Nickel based ohmic contacts on SiC. Mater Sci Eng B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology, 1997, 46: 223 doi: 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01981-2
[8]
Zhang Z, Teng J, Yuan W X, et al. Kinetic study of interfacial solid state reactions in the Ni/4H-SiC contact. Appl Surf Sci, 2009, 255: 6939 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.03.018
[9]
Ohyanagi T, Onose Y, Watanabe A. Ti/Ni bilayer ohmic contact on 4H-SiC. J Vac Sci Technol B, 2008, 26: 1359 doi: 10.1116/1.2949116
[10]
Luckowski E D, Delucca J M, Williams J R, et al. Improved ohmic contact to n-type 4H and 6H-SiC using nichrome. J Electron Mater, 1998, 27: 330 doi: 10.1007/s11664-998-0410-y
[11]
Guo H, Zhang Y M, Qiao D Y, et al. The fabrication of nickel silicide ohmic contacts to n-type 6H-silicon carbide. Chin Phys, 2007, 16(6): 1753 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/16/6/046
[12]
Cho N I, Jung K H, Choi Y. Improved ohmic contact to the n-type 4H-SiC semiconductor using cobalt silicides. Semicond Sci Technol, 2004, 19(3): 306 doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/19/3/003
[13]
Machá P, Barda B, Kudrnová M. Role of titanium in Ti/Ni ohmic contact on n-type 6H-SiC. Microelectron Eng, 2010, 87: 274 doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2009.06.017
[14]
Jae Hyun P, Holloway P H. Effects of nickel and titanium thickness on nickel/titanium ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide. J Vac Sci Technol B, 2005, 23: 486 doi: 10.1116/1.1868694
[15]
Wang Shouguo, Zhang Yan, Zhang Yimen, et al. Ohmic contacts of 4H-SiC on ion-implantation layers. Chin Phys B, 2010, 19: 017204 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/19/1/017204
[16]
Cicho S, Machá P, Barda B, et al. Raman study of Ni and Ni silicide contacts on 4H-and 6H-SiC. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520: 4378 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.008
[17]
Mercier F. Chaix-Pluchery O, Ouisse T, et al Raman scattering from Ti3SiC2 single crystals. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98: 081912 doi: 10.1063/1.3558919
[18]
Vishnyakov V, Lu J, Eklund P, et al. Ti3SiC2-formation during TieCeSi multilayer deposition by magnetron sputtering at 650℃. Rapid Commun, 2013, 93: 56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X13000067
[19]
Siad M, Abdesselam M, Souami N, et al. Structural characterization of Ni and Ni/Ti ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2011, 257: 10737 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.07.089
[20]
Pécz B. Contact formation in SiC devices. Appl Surf Sci, 2001, 184: 287 doi: 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00678-X
[21]
Han S Y, Kim K H, Kim J K, et al. Ohmic contact formation mechanism of Ni on n-type 4H-SiC. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 79: 3 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4894078
[22]
Kuchuk A, Kladko V, Guziewicz M, et al. Fabrication and characterization of nickel silicide ohmic contacts to n-type 4H silicon carbide. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2008, 100: 042003 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/100/4/042003
Fig. 1.  Image of the adhesion tests.

Fig. 2.  $I$-$V$ characteristics of the Ni/Ti/Ni/SiC contact after RTA annealing. $I$-$V$ characteristics of Ni/SiC contact after annealing at 1000 ℃ is also shown for reference.

Fig. 3.  XRD results of the Ni/Ti/Ni/SiC ohmic contacts after annealing.

Fig. 4.  Raman spectra of annealed SiC surface, the Ni surface and Ni/Ti/Ni surface.

Fig. 5.  EDS spectra for Au/Ti/Ni/SiC (a) before the wire-bonding test and (b) the peeled-off region after wire-bonding test.

Fig. 6.  SEM images of interface. (a) Ni/Ti/Ni/SiC annealed at 1050 ℃. (b) Ni/SiC annealed at 1000 ℃.

Table 1.   The results of the wire-bonding tests performed by Royce instruments.

[1]
Lu W J, Mitchel W C, Landis G R, et al. Catalytic graphitization and ohmic contact formation on 4H-SiC. J Appl Phys, 2003, 93: 5397 doi: 10.1063/1.1562737
[2]
Han Ru, Yang Yintang, Wang Ping, et al. Ohmic contact properties of multi-metal film on n-type 4H-SiC. Chinese Journal of Semiconductors, 200728(2): 150 http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-BDTX200702001.htm
[3]
Siad M, Abdesslam M, Chami A C. Role of carbon in the formation of ohmic contact in Ni/4H-SiC and Ni/Ti/4H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2012, 258(18): 6819 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.108
[4]
Nikitina I P, Vassilevski K V, Wright N G, et al. Formation and role of graphite and nickel silicide in nickel based ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide. J Appl Phys, 2005, 97: 5397 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5043728
[5]
Barda B, Machá P, Cicho S, et al. Thermal degradation of Ni-based Schottky contacts on 6H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2011, 257(9): 4418 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.077
[6]
Hallin C, Yakimova R, Pécz B, et al. Improved Ni ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC. J Electron Mater, 1997, 26: 119 doi: 10.1007/s11664-997-0136-2
[7]
Marinova T, Kakanakova-Georgieva A, Krastev V, et al. Nickel based ohmic contacts on SiC. Mater Sci Eng B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology, 1997, 46: 223 doi: 10.1016/S0921-5107(96)01981-2
[8]
Zhang Z, Teng J, Yuan W X, et al. Kinetic study of interfacial solid state reactions in the Ni/4H-SiC contact. Appl Surf Sci, 2009, 255: 6939 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.03.018
[9]
Ohyanagi T, Onose Y, Watanabe A. Ti/Ni bilayer ohmic contact on 4H-SiC. J Vac Sci Technol B, 2008, 26: 1359 doi: 10.1116/1.2949116
[10]
Luckowski E D, Delucca J M, Williams J R, et al. Improved ohmic contact to n-type 4H and 6H-SiC using nichrome. J Electron Mater, 1998, 27: 330 doi: 10.1007/s11664-998-0410-y
[11]
Guo H, Zhang Y M, Qiao D Y, et al. The fabrication of nickel silicide ohmic contacts to n-type 6H-silicon carbide. Chin Phys, 2007, 16(6): 1753 doi: 10.1088/1009-1963/16/6/046
[12]
Cho N I, Jung K H, Choi Y. Improved ohmic contact to the n-type 4H-SiC semiconductor using cobalt silicides. Semicond Sci Technol, 2004, 19(3): 306 doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/19/3/003
[13]
Machá P, Barda B, Kudrnová M. Role of titanium in Ti/Ni ohmic contact on n-type 6H-SiC. Microelectron Eng, 2010, 87: 274 doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2009.06.017
[14]
Jae Hyun P, Holloway P H. Effects of nickel and titanium thickness on nickel/titanium ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide. J Vac Sci Technol B, 2005, 23: 486 doi: 10.1116/1.1868694
[15]
Wang Shouguo, Zhang Yan, Zhang Yimen, et al. Ohmic contacts of 4H-SiC on ion-implantation layers. Chin Phys B, 2010, 19: 017204 doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/19/1/017204
[16]
Cicho S, Machá P, Barda B, et al. Raman study of Ni and Ni silicide contacts on 4H-and 6H-SiC. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520: 4378 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.008
[17]
Mercier F. Chaix-Pluchery O, Ouisse T, et al Raman scattering from Ti3SiC2 single crystals. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98: 081912 doi: 10.1063/1.3558919
[18]
Vishnyakov V, Lu J, Eklund P, et al. Ti3SiC2-formation during TieCeSi multilayer deposition by magnetron sputtering at 650℃. Rapid Commun, 2013, 93: 56 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X13000067
[19]
Siad M, Abdesselam M, Souami N, et al. Structural characterization of Ni and Ni/Ti ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC. Appl Surf Sci, 2011, 257: 10737 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.07.089
[20]
Pécz B. Contact formation in SiC devices. Appl Surf Sci, 2001, 184: 287 doi: 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00678-X
[21]
Han S Y, Kim K H, Kim J K, et al. Ohmic contact formation mechanism of Ni on n-type 4H-SiC. Appl Phys Lett, 2001, 79: 3 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4894078
[22]
Kuchuk A, Kladko V, Guziewicz M, et al. Fabrication and characterization of nickel silicide ohmic contacts to n-type 4H silicon carbide. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2008, 100: 042003 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/100/4/042003
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    Received: 19 December 2013 Revised: 28 February 2014 Online: Published: 01 July 2014

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      Linchao Han, Huajun Shen, Kean Liu, Yiyu Wang, Yidan Tang, Yun Bai, Hengyu Xu, Yudong Wu, Xinyu Liu. Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(7): 072003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/7/072003 L C Han, H J Shen, K A Liu, Y Y Wang, Y D Tang, Y Bai, H Y Xu, Y D Wu, X Y Liu. Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(7): 072003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/7/072003.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Linchao Han, Huajun Shen, Kean Liu, Yiyu Wang, Yidan Tang, Yun Bai, Hengyu Xu, Yudong Wu, Xinyu Liu. Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(7): 072003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/7/072003

      L C Han, H J Shen, K A Liu, Y Y Wang, Y D Tang, Y Bai, H Y Xu, Y D Wu, X Y Liu. Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(7): 072003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/7/072003.
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      Improved adhesion and interface ohmic contact on n-type 4H-SiC substrate by using Ni/Ti/Ni

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/7/072003
      Funds:

      the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61106080

      the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2013ZX02305

      the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61275042

      Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61106080, 61275042) and the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013ZX02305)

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      • Corresponding author: Shen Huajun, Email:shenhuajun@ime.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2013-12-19
      • Revised Date: 2014-02-28
      • Published Date: 2014-07-01

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