SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration

Yu Wang, Jing Liu, Na Yan and Hao Min

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yan Na,yanna@fudan.edu.cn

PDF

Abstract: A fourth-order Gm-C Chebyshev low-pass filter is presented as channel selection filter for reconfigurable multi-mode wireless receivers. Low-noise technologies are proposed in optimizing the noise characteristics of both the Gm cells and the filter topology. A frequency tuning strategy is used by tuning both the transconductance of the Gm cells and the capacitance of the capacitor banks. To achieve accurate cut-off frequencies, an on-chip calibration circuit is presented to compensate for the frequency inaccuracy introduced by process variation. The filter is fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. It exhibits a wide programmable bandwidth from 322.5 kHz to 20 MHz. Measured results show that the filter has low input referred noise of 5.9 nV/√Hz and high out-of-band ⅡP3 of 16.2 dBm. It consumes 4.2 and 9.5 mW from a 1 V power supply at its lowest and highest cut-off frequencies respectively.

Key words: Gm-C filterCMOS technologyoperational transconductance amplifierlow noisefrequency calibration



[1]
Lo T Y, Lo C H. 1-V 365-μ W 2.5-MHz channel selection filter for 3G wireless receiver in 55-nm CMOS. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst, 2014, 22(5): 1164 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2013.2260187
[2]
Heragu A, Ruffieux D, Enz C. A low power BAW resonator based 2.4-GHz receiver with bandwidth tunable channel selection filter at RF. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2013, 48(6): 1343 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253411
[3]
Gaxiola-Sosa J, Hedayati H, Lv P, et al. A CMOS inverse Chebyshev channel selection filter for extravehicular activity (EVA) radio receivers. IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013, Columbus, OH, 2013: 217
[4]
Galán J, Pedro M, Sánchez-Rodríguez T, et al. A very linear low-pass filter with automatic frequency tuning. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integ Syst, 2013, 21(1): 182 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2011.2181880
[5]
Liu Qiongbing, Yu Xiaobao, Zhang Junfeng, et al. A reconfigurable CBP/LP active RC filter with noise-shaping technique for wireless receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 095003 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/095003
[6]
Cheng Xin, Yang Haigang, Gao Tongqiang, et al. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(7): 075004 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004
[7]
Sánchez-Rodríguez T, Gomez-Galan J, Carvajal R, et al. A 1.2-V 450-μ W Gm-C Bluetooth channel filter using a novel gain-boosted tunable transconductor. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst, 2015, 23(8): 1572 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2014.2341929
[8]
Geng Zhiqing, Wu Nanjian. A low power wide tuning range baseband filter for multistandard transceivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2015, 36(4): 045006 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/4/045006
[9]
Razivi B. Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits. New York: McGraw Hill, 2000.
[10]
Abdulaziz M, Törmänen M, Sjöland H. A 4th order Gm-C filter with 10 MHz bandwidth and 39 dBm ⅡP3 in 65 nm CMOS. European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 2014: 367
[11]
Liu Silin, Ma Heping, Shi Yin. A low power Gm-C filter with on-chip automatic tuning for a WLAN transceiver. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31(6): 065008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/065008
[12]
Wang Weiwei, Chang Xuegui, Wang Xiao, et al. A 4th-order reconfigurable analog baseband filter for software-defined radio applications. Journal of Semiconductors, 2011, 32(4): 045008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/32/4/045008
[13]
Lo T Y, Hung C C, Ismail M. A wide tuning range Gm-C filter for multi-mode CMOS direct-conversion wireless receivers. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(9), 2515 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2023154
[14]
Oskooei M, Masoumi N, Kamarei M, et al. A CMOS 4.35-mW+22-dBm ⅡP3 continuously tunable channel select filter for WLAN/WiMAX receivers. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2011, 46(6): 1382 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2011.2120670
[15]
Hori S, Massuno N, Meada T, et al. Low-power widely tunable Gm-C filter employing an adaptive DC-blocking, triode-biased MOSFET transconductor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2014, 61(1): 37 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2013.2268291
Fig. 1.  Proposed OTA circuit with local feedback

Fig. 2.  Noise components in the proposed OTA

Fig. 3.  Calculation of the input referred noise contributed by (a) M3, M7, R and (b) M9

Fig. 4.  Calculated OTA thermal noise and simulated OTA input referred noise

Fig. 5.  Block diagram of the fourth-order Chebyshev low-pass filter

Fig. 6.  Noise contribution model of the Gm cells in the biquad half circuit

Fig. 7.  Frequency tuning scheme of the LFP. (a) Transconductance tuning. (b) Capacitor bank selection

Fig. 8.  (a) Automatic freqeuncy calibration circuit and (b) its switching sequence

Fig. 9.  (Color online) Chip photo of the proposed LPF

Fig. 10.  (Color online) Measured magnitude response of the proposed LFP

Fig. 11.  Magnitude response at 10 MHz cut-off frequency with/without calibration.

Fig. 12.  Input referred noise of the LPF at different cut-off frequency

Fig. 13.  (a) Two-tone test of IM3 and (b) measured out-of-band IIP3 at 10 MHz cut-off frequency

Table 1.   Performance comparison with state-of-the-art

[1]
Lo T Y, Lo C H. 1-V 365-μ W 2.5-MHz channel selection filter for 3G wireless receiver in 55-nm CMOS. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst, 2014, 22(5): 1164 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2013.2260187
[2]
Heragu A, Ruffieux D, Enz C. A low power BAW resonator based 2.4-GHz receiver with bandwidth tunable channel selection filter at RF. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2013, 48(6): 1343 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253411
[3]
Gaxiola-Sosa J, Hedayati H, Lv P, et al. A CMOS inverse Chebyshev channel selection filter for extravehicular activity (EVA) radio receivers. IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013, Columbus, OH, 2013: 217
[4]
Galán J, Pedro M, Sánchez-Rodríguez T, et al. A very linear low-pass filter with automatic frequency tuning. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integ Syst, 2013, 21(1): 182 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2011.2181880
[5]
Liu Qiongbing, Yu Xiaobao, Zhang Junfeng, et al. A reconfigurable CBP/LP active RC filter with noise-shaping technique for wireless receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(9): 095003 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/095003
[6]
Cheng Xin, Yang Haigang, Gao Tongqiang, et al. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(7): 075004 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004
[7]
Sánchez-Rodríguez T, Gomez-Galan J, Carvajal R, et al. A 1.2-V 450-μ W Gm-C Bluetooth channel filter using a novel gain-boosted tunable transconductor. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr Syst, 2015, 23(8): 1572 doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2014.2341929
[8]
Geng Zhiqing, Wu Nanjian. A low power wide tuning range baseband filter for multistandard transceivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2015, 36(4): 045006 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/4/045006
[9]
Razivi B. Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits. New York: McGraw Hill, 2000.
[10]
Abdulaziz M, Törmänen M, Sjöland H. A 4th order Gm-C filter with 10 MHz bandwidth and 39 dBm ⅡP3 in 65 nm CMOS. European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 2014: 367
[11]
Liu Silin, Ma Heping, Shi Yin. A low power Gm-C filter with on-chip automatic tuning for a WLAN transceiver. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31(6): 065008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/065008
[12]
Wang Weiwei, Chang Xuegui, Wang Xiao, et al. A 4th-order reconfigurable analog baseband filter for software-defined radio applications. Journal of Semiconductors, 2011, 32(4): 045008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/32/4/045008
[13]
Lo T Y, Hung C C, Ismail M. A wide tuning range Gm-C filter for multi-mode CMOS direct-conversion wireless receivers. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(9), 2515 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2023154
[14]
Oskooei M, Masoumi N, Kamarei M, et al. A CMOS 4.35-mW+22-dBm ⅡP3 continuously tunable channel select filter for WLAN/WiMAX receivers. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2011, 46(6): 1382 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2011.2120670
[15]
Hori S, Massuno N, Meada T, et al. Low-power widely tunable Gm-C filter employing an adaptive DC-blocking, triode-biased MOSFET transconductor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2014, 61(1): 37 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2013.2268291
  • Search

    Advanced Search >>

    GET CITATION

    shu

    Export: BibTex EndNote

    Article Metrics

    Article views: 3246 Times PDF downloads: 41 Times Cited by: 0 Times

    History

    Received: 01 March 2016 Revised: 01 April 2016 Online: Published: 01 September 2016

    Catalog

      Email This Article

      User name:
      Email:*请输入正确邮箱
      Code:*验证码错误
      Yu Wang, Jing Liu, Na Yan, Hao Min. A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2016, 37(9): 095002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/9/095002 Y Wang, J Liu, N Yan, H Min. A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(9): 095002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/9/095002.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      Yu Wang, Jing Liu, Na Yan, Hao Min. A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2016, 37(9): 095002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/9/095002

      Y Wang, J Liu, N Yan, H Min. A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(9): 095002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/9/095002.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      A low-noise widely tunable Gm-C filter with frequency calibration

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/9/095002
      Funds:

      Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61574045).

      National Natural Science Foundation of China 61574045

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Yan Na,yanna@fudan.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2016-03-01
      • Revised Date: 2016-04-01
      • Published Date: 2016-09-01

      Catalog

        /

        DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
        Return
        Return