SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end

J. Manjula and S. Malarvizhi

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: J. Manjula, Email:jmanjulathiyagu@gmail.com; S. Malarvizhi, Email:malarvizhig@rediffmail.com

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Abstract: This paper presents a low power tunable active inductor and RF band pass filter suitable for multiband RF front end circuits. The active inductor circuit uses the PMOS cascode structure as the negative transconductor of a gyrator to reduce the noise voltage. Also, this structure provides possible negative resistance to reduce the inductor loss with wide inductive bandwidth and high resonance frequency. The RF band pass filter is realized using the proposed active inductor with suitable input and output buffer stages. The tuning of the center frequency for multiband operation is achieved through the controllable current source. The designed active inductor and RF band pass filter are simulated in 180 nm and 45 nm CMOS process using the Synopsys HSPICE simulation tool and their performances are compared. The parameters, such as resonance frequency, tuning capability, noise and power dissipation, are analyzed for these CMOS technologies and discussed. The design of a third order band pass filter using an active inductor is also presented.

Key words: active inductorRF band pass filterquality factorcenter frequency tuningmulti band RF front end0.18 μm and 45 nm CMOS technology



[1]
Rossi P, Liscindini A, Lrandolini M, et al. A variable gain RF front end based on a voltage-voltage feedback LNA for multistandard applications. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2005, 40:690 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2005.843631
[2]
Kuh W B, Stephenson F W, Elshabini-Riad A. A 200 MHz CMOS Q-enhanced LC band pass filter. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31:1112 doi: 10.1109/4.508258
[3]
Thanachyanont A. Low-voltage low-power high-Q CMOS RF band pass filter. Electron Lett, 2002, 38:615 doi: 10.1049/el:20020440
[4]
Xiao H, Schaumann R. A 5.4 GHz high-Q tunable active-inductor band pass filter in standard digital CMOS technology. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 51:1 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9040-1
[5]
Thanachayanont A. CMOS transistor-only active inductor for IF/RF applications. IEEE International Conference on Industry Technology, 2002, 2:1209 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1189346
[6]
Thanachayanont A, Payne A. VHF CMOS integrated active inductor. Electron Lett, 1996, 32:999 doi: 10.1049/el:19960669
[7]
Reja M M, Filanovsky I M, Moez K. Wide tunable CMOS active inductor. Electron Lett, 2008, 44:1461 doi: 10.1049/el:20081375
[8]
Khoury S G E. New approach to the design of active floating inductors in MMIC technology. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 1996, 44:505 doi: 10.1109/22.491017
[9]
Chang Y, Choma J, Wills J. The design and analysis of a RF CMOS band pass filter. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2000, 2:625 http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/1/3/1/abstract.html
[10]
Gao Z, Ma J, Yu M, et al. A fully integrated CMOS active band pass filter for multi band RF front-ends. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ, 2008, 55:718 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2008.922392
[11]
Thanachayanout A, Payne A, CMOS floating active inductor and its applications to band pass filter and oscillator design. IEE Proceedings on Circuits, Devices and Systems, 2000, 147:42 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:20000053
[12]
Giannini F, Limiti E, Orengo G, et al. High Q gyrator based monolithic active tunable band stop filter. IEE Proceedings on Circuits, Devices and Systems, 1998, 145:243 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:19982121
[13]
Heydarzadeh S, Torkzadeh P. 1 GHz CMOS band-pass filter design using an active inductor and capacitor. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2013, 1:37 doi: 10.12691/ajeee-1-3-1
[14]
Aparin V, Katzin P. Active GaAs MMIC band pass filters with automatic tuning and insertion loss control. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1995, 30:1068 doi: 10.1109/4.466077
[15]
Wong W M Y, Hui P S, Chen Z, et al. A wide tuning range gated varactor. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35:773 doi: 10.1109/4.841506
[16]
Bantas S, Koutsoyannopoulos Y. CMOS active-Lc band pass filters with coupled inductor Q-enhancement and center frequency tuning. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2004, 51:69 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.821521
[17]
Pipilos S, Tsividis Y P, Fenk J, et al. A Si 1.8 GHz RLC filter with tunable center frequency and quality factor. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31:1517 doi: 10.1007/s10470-004-6848-9
[18]
Pourmohammadi P, Chalsaraei S P, Khodadadi R, et al. Third order butterworth bandpass filter using active inductor. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2012, 2:2754 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.416.4931
[19]
Frye R C, Liu K, Badakere G, et al. A hybrid coupled-resonator band pass filter topology implemented on lossy semiconductor substrates. IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2007:1757 http://www.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=11080105
[20]
Uyanik H U, Tarim N. Compact low voltage high-Q CMOS active inductor suitable for RF applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 51:191 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9065-5
[21]
Krishnamurthy S V, El-Sankary K, El-Masry E. Noise-cancelling CMOS active inductor and its application in RF band-pass filter design. International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, 2010:1 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmst/2010/980957/cta/
[22]
Thanachayanont A, Ngow S S. Low voltage high-Q VHF CMOS transistor-only active inductor. Proceedings of the IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2002, 3:552 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractAuthors.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1187096&punumber%3D8452
[23]
Rasouli K, Nouri A, Sabaghi M, et al. Design and simulation of differential active inductor with 0.18μm CMOS technology. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 2011:23 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5993414/
[24]
Gao Z, Yu M, Ye Y, et al. Wide tuning range of a CMOS RF bandpass filter for wireless applications. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid State Circuits, 2005:53 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1635204&punumber%3D10895
Fig. 1.  Circuit diagram of proposed single ended active inductor (with biasing arrangement) with aspect ratios ($W/L$) in $\mu $m for 0.18 $\mu $m and 45 nm CMOS technology as given above.

Fig. 2.  Passive equivalent circuit.

Fig. 3.  Small signal equivalent circuit of the active inductor.

Fig. 4.  Circuit diagram of the RF band pass filter.

Fig. 5.  Simulated frequency response of input impedance.

Fig. 6.  Simulated inductance.

Fig. 7.  Quality factor tuning of the active inductor.

Fig. 8.  Centre frequency tuning of the active inductor.

Fig. 9.  Noise voltage of the active inductor.

Fig. 10.  IIP3 of the active inductor.

Fig. 11.  Frequency response of the band pass filter for various center frequencies.

Fig. 12.  Noise figure of band pass filter.

Fig. 13.  IIP3 of band pass filter.

Fig. 14.  Top coupled topology of third order band pass filter.

Fig. 15.  Frequency response of 2nd and 3rd band pass filter.

Table 1.   Center frequency tuning of the active inductor.

Table 2.   Comparison of active inductor performances.

Table 3.   Comparison of RF band pass filter performances.

[1]
Rossi P, Liscindini A, Lrandolini M, et al. A variable gain RF front end based on a voltage-voltage feedback LNA for multistandard applications. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2005, 40:690 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2005.843631
[2]
Kuh W B, Stephenson F W, Elshabini-Riad A. A 200 MHz CMOS Q-enhanced LC band pass filter. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31:1112 doi: 10.1109/4.508258
[3]
Thanachyanont A. Low-voltage low-power high-Q CMOS RF band pass filter. Electron Lett, 2002, 38:615 doi: 10.1049/el:20020440
[4]
Xiao H, Schaumann R. A 5.4 GHz high-Q tunable active-inductor band pass filter in standard digital CMOS technology. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 51:1 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9040-1
[5]
Thanachayanont A. CMOS transistor-only active inductor for IF/RF applications. IEEE International Conference on Industry Technology, 2002, 2:1209 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1189346
[6]
Thanachayanont A, Payne A. VHF CMOS integrated active inductor. Electron Lett, 1996, 32:999 doi: 10.1049/el:19960669
[7]
Reja M M, Filanovsky I M, Moez K. Wide tunable CMOS active inductor. Electron Lett, 2008, 44:1461 doi: 10.1049/el:20081375
[8]
Khoury S G E. New approach to the design of active floating inductors in MMIC technology. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 1996, 44:505 doi: 10.1109/22.491017
[9]
Chang Y, Choma J, Wills J. The design and analysis of a RF CMOS band pass filter. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2000, 2:625 http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajeee/1/3/1/abstract.html
[10]
Gao Z, Ma J, Yu M, et al. A fully integrated CMOS active band pass filter for multi band RF front-ends. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ, 2008, 55:718 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2008.922392
[11]
Thanachayanout A, Payne A, CMOS floating active inductor and its applications to band pass filter and oscillator design. IEE Proceedings on Circuits, Devices and Systems, 2000, 147:42 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:20000053
[12]
Giannini F, Limiti E, Orengo G, et al. High Q gyrator based monolithic active tunable band stop filter. IEE Proceedings on Circuits, Devices and Systems, 1998, 145:243 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:19982121
[13]
Heydarzadeh S, Torkzadeh P. 1 GHz CMOS band-pass filter design using an active inductor and capacitor. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2013, 1:37 doi: 10.12691/ajeee-1-3-1
[14]
Aparin V, Katzin P. Active GaAs MMIC band pass filters with automatic tuning and insertion loss control. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1995, 30:1068 doi: 10.1109/4.466077
[15]
Wong W M Y, Hui P S, Chen Z, et al. A wide tuning range gated varactor. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2000, 35:773 doi: 10.1109/4.841506
[16]
Bantas S, Koutsoyannopoulos Y. CMOS active-Lc band pass filters with coupled inductor Q-enhancement and center frequency tuning. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2004, 51:69 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.821521
[17]
Pipilos S, Tsividis Y P, Fenk J, et al. A Si 1.8 GHz RLC filter with tunable center frequency and quality factor. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31:1517 doi: 10.1007/s10470-004-6848-9
[18]
Pourmohammadi P, Chalsaraei S P, Khodadadi R, et al. Third order butterworth bandpass filter using active inductor. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2012, 2:2754 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.416.4931
[19]
Frye R C, Liu K, Badakere G, et al. A hybrid coupled-resonator band pass filter topology implemented on lossy semiconductor substrates. IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2007:1757 http://www.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=11080105
[20]
Uyanik H U, Tarim N. Compact low voltage high-Q CMOS active inductor suitable for RF applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 51:191 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9065-5
[21]
Krishnamurthy S V, El-Sankary K, El-Masry E. Noise-cancelling CMOS active inductor and its application in RF band-pass filter design. International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology, 2010:1 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmst/2010/980957/cta/
[22]
Thanachayanont A, Ngow S S. Low voltage high-Q VHF CMOS transistor-only active inductor. Proceedings of the IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2002, 3:552 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractAuthors.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1187096&punumber%3D8452
[23]
Rasouli K, Nouri A, Sabaghi M, et al. Design and simulation of differential active inductor with 0.18μm CMOS technology. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, 2011:23 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5993414/
[24]
Gao Z, Yu M, Ye Y, et al. Wide tuning range of a CMOS RF bandpass filter for wireless applications. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid State Circuits, 2005:53 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=1635204&punumber%3D10895
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    Received: 16 July 2013 Revised: 16 October 2013 Online: Published: 01 March 2014

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      J. Manjula, S. Malarvizhi. Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(3): 035001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/035001 J. Manjula, S. Malarvizhi. Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(3): 035001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/035001.Export: BibTex EndNote
      Citation:
      J. Manjula, S. Malarvizhi. Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(3): 035001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/035001

      J. Manjula, S. Malarvizhi. Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(3): 035001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/035001.
      Export: BibTex EndNote

      Performance analysis of a low power low noise tunable band pass filter for multiband RF front end

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/035001
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