Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS<sub>2</sub> hybrid thin film transistor

Fengjing Liu; Jiawei Wang; Liang Wang; Xiaoyong Cai; Chao Jiang; Gongtang Wang

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002

J. Semicond. > 2017, Volume 38 > Issue 3 > 034002, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002

SPECIAL TOPIC ON 2D MATERIALS AND DEVICES

Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor

Fengjing Liu^{1, 2}, Jiawei Wang², Liang Wang², Xiaoyong Cai², Chao Jiang^2, and Gongtang Wang^1,

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author: Chao Jiang, Email:Jiangch@nanoctr.cn; Gongtang Wang,Email:wanggt@sdnu.edu.cn

Abstract: Perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor photodetectors consist of few-layered MoS₂ and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film with various thickness prepared by two-step vacuum deposition. By implementing perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film onto the MoS₂ flake, the perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid photodetector exhibited a photoresponsivity of 10⁴A/W and fast response time of about 40 ms. Improvement of photodetection performance is attributed to the balance between light absorption in the perovskite layer and an effective transfer of photogenerated carriers from perovskite entering the MoS₂ channel. This work may provide guidance to develop high-performance hybrid structure optoelectronic devices.

Key words: perovskite, MoS₂, photodetector

References

[1]	Sangwan V K, Jariwala D, Kim I S, et al. Gate-tunable memristive phenomena mediated by grain boundaries in single-layer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2015, 10(5):403 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.56
[2]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[3]	Gong Y J, Lin J H, Wang X L, et al. Vertical and in-plane heterostructures from WS₂/MoS₂ monolayers. Nat Mater, 2014, 13(12):1135 doi: 10.1038/nmat4091
[4]	Liu Y, Weiss N O, Duan X, et al. Van der Waals heterostructures and devices. Nat Rev Mater, 2016:16042
[5]	Li X, Lin M W, Lin J, et al. Two-dimensional GaSe/MoSe₂ misfit bilayer heterojunctions by van der Waals epitaxy. Sci Adv, 2016, 2(4):e1501882 https://www.ornl.gov/content/two-dimensional-gasemose2-misfit-bilayer-heterojunctions-van-der-waals-epitaxy
[6]	Kim S, Konar A, Hwang W S, et al. High-mobility and lowpower thin-film transistors based on multilayer MoS₂ crystals. Nat Commun, 2012, 3:1011 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2018
[7]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[8]	Choi W, Cho M Y, Konar A, et al. High-detectivity multilayer MoS₂ phototransistors with spectral response from ultraviolet to infrared. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(43):5832 doi: 10.1002/adma.201201909
[9]	Yu S H, Lee Y, Jang S K, et al. Dye-sensitized MoS₂ photodetector with enhanced spectral photoresponse. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(8):8285 doi: 10.1021/nn502715h
[10]	Pak J, Jang J, Cho K, et al. Enhancement of photodetection characteristics of MoS₂ field effect transistors using surface treatment with copper phthalocyanine. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(44):18780 doi: 10.1039/C5NR04836B
[11]	Kufer D, Nikitskiy I, Lasanta T, et al. Hybrid 2D-0D MoS₂-PbS quantum dot photodetectors. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):176 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[12]	Kazim S, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M, et al. Perovskite as light harvester:a game changer in photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2014, 53(11):2812 doi: 10.1002/anie.v53.11
[13]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, et al. Lead Iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci Rep, 2012, 2:7 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacques-E_Moser/publication/230716542_Lead_Iodide_Perovskite_Sensitized_All-Solid-State_Submicron_Thin_Film_Mesoscopic_Solar_Cell_with_Efficiency_Exceeding_9/links/09e41506f09cb81b07000000.pdf?origin=publication_detail
[14]	Yang W S, Noh J H, Jeon N J, et al. High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange. Science, 2015, 348(6240):1234 doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9272
[15]	Lee Y, Kwon J, Hwang E, et al. High-performance perovskitegraphene hybrid photodetector. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):41 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[16]	Kwak D H, Lim D H, Ra H S, et al. High performance hybrid graphene-CsPbBr_3-xI_x perovskite nanocrystal photodetector. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(69):65252 doi: 10.1039/C6RA08699C
[17]	Ma C, Shi Y M, Hu W J, et al. Heterostructured WS₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ photoconductors with suppressed dark current and enhanced photodetectivity. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(19):3683 doi: 10.1002/adma.v28.19
[18]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, et al. Single-layer MoS₂ transistors. Nat Nanotech, 2011, 6(3):147 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.279
[19]	Shkrob I A, Marin T W. Charge trapping in photovoltaically active perovskites and related halogenoplumbate compounds. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(7):1066 doi: 10.1021/jz5004022
[20]	Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, et al. The role of intrinsic defects in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(8):1312 doi: 10.1021/jz500370k
[21]	Dong R, Fang Y, Chae J, et al. High-gain and low-driving-voltage photodetectors based on organolead triiodide perovskites. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(11):1912 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.11
[22]	Zhang H, Cheng J Q, Lin F, et al. Pinhole-free and surfacenanostructured niox film by room-temperature solution process for high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells with good stability and reproducibility. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(1):1503 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07043

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the perovskite/MoS₂ photodetector. The molecular structures of the MoS₂ and perovskite are also shown. (b) Optical images of a fabricated MoS₂ FET device and perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid photodetector, with perovskite stacking on the MoS₂ FET. The AFM image of the MoS₂ FET channel is also shown. (c) X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite on SiO₂. (d) SEM picture of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ deposited on MoS₂.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) $I_{\mathrm{ds}}$ - $V_{\mathrm{g}}$ curves of the MoS₂ devices without (black) and with (red) 100 nm perovskite deposition measured at a fixed $V_{\mathrm{ds}}=2$ V. (b) $I_{\mathrm{ds}}$ - $V_{\mathrm{g}}$ curves measured at a fixed $V_{\mathrm{ds}}=2$ V under dark and illuminated conditions (wavelength $= 450$ nm) at different laser intensities. Insert is the partial enlarged drawing from $V_{\mathrm{g}}=5$ V to $V_{\mathrm{g}}=10$ V. (c) Photocurrent of four devices with different perovskite thickness measured at $V_{\mathrm{g}}=5$ V and $V_{\mathrm{ds}}=2$ V. (d) Photoresponsivity of four devices as a function of incident laser power.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3. (a) UV-vis spectra of three different perovskite thickness devices. (b) Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra of device 2, device 3, device 4. The black line is the PL from perovskite area; the red line is from perovskite/MoS₂ area.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4. (a) Stability test of photoswitching characteristics of perovskite/MoS₂ photodetector at $V_{\mathrm{gs}}= 5$ V, $V_{\mathrm{ds}}= 2$ V, $P_{\mathrm{light}}= 5.9$ mW/cm². (b) The photoresponse curves of the device and the fitted lines (red) rising and (blue) decaying response curves.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1. Summary of the thickness and electrical properties of MoS₂ FETs.

Device	PbI₂ thickness(nm)	Mobility(cm²V^-1s^-1)	Responsivity (A/W)
#1	0	19.7	1.5×10³
#2	50	20.4	6.6×10³
#3	100	19.7	1.1×10⁴
#4	200	20.3	6.7×10³

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Sangwan V K, Jariwala D, Kim I S, et al. Gate-tunable memristive phenomena mediated by grain boundaries in single-layer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2015, 10(5):403 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.56
[2]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[3]	Gong Y J, Lin J H, Wang X L, et al. Vertical and in-plane heterostructures from WS₂/MoS₂ monolayers. Nat Mater, 2014, 13(12):1135 doi: 10.1038/nmat4091
[4]	Liu Y, Weiss N O, Duan X, et al. Van der Waals heterostructures and devices. Nat Rev Mater, 2016:16042
[5]	Li X, Lin M W, Lin J, et al. Two-dimensional GaSe/MoSe₂ misfit bilayer heterojunctions by van der Waals epitaxy. Sci Adv, 2016, 2(4):e1501882 https://www.ornl.gov/content/two-dimensional-gasemose2-misfit-bilayer-heterojunctions-van-der-waals-epitaxy
[6]	Kim S, Konar A, Hwang W S, et al. High-mobility and lowpower thin-film transistors based on multilayer MoS₂ crystals. Nat Commun, 2012, 3:1011 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2018
[7]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[8]	Choi W, Cho M Y, Konar A, et al. High-detectivity multilayer MoS₂ phototransistors with spectral response from ultraviolet to infrared. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(43):5832 doi: 10.1002/adma.201201909
[9]	Yu S H, Lee Y, Jang S K, et al. Dye-sensitized MoS₂ photodetector with enhanced spectral photoresponse. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(8):8285 doi: 10.1021/nn502715h
[10]	Pak J, Jang J, Cho K, et al. Enhancement of photodetection characteristics of MoS₂ field effect transistors using surface treatment with copper phthalocyanine. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(44):18780 doi: 10.1039/C5NR04836B
[11]	Kufer D, Nikitskiy I, Lasanta T, et al. Hybrid 2D-0D MoS₂-PbS quantum dot photodetectors. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):176 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[12]	Kazim S, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M, et al. Perovskite as light harvester:a game changer in photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2014, 53(11):2812 doi: 10.1002/anie.v53.11
[13]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, et al. Lead Iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci Rep, 2012, 2:7 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacques-E_Moser/publication/230716542_Lead_Iodide_Perovskite_Sensitized_All-Solid-State_Submicron_Thin_Film_Mesoscopic_Solar_Cell_with_Efficiency_Exceeding_9/links/09e41506f09cb81b07000000.pdf?origin=publication_detail
[14]	Yang W S, Noh J H, Jeon N J, et al. High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange. Science, 2015, 348(6240):1234 doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9272
[15]	Lee Y, Kwon J, Hwang E, et al. High-performance perovskitegraphene hybrid photodetector. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):41 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[16]	Kwak D H, Lim D H, Ra H S, et al. High performance hybrid graphene-CsPbBr_3-xI_x perovskite nanocrystal photodetector. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(69):65252 doi: 10.1039/C6RA08699C
[17]	Ma C, Shi Y M, Hu W J, et al. Heterostructured WS₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ photoconductors with suppressed dark current and enhanced photodetectivity. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(19):3683 doi: 10.1002/adma.v28.19
[18]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, et al. Single-layer MoS₂ transistors. Nat Nanotech, 2011, 6(3):147 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.279
[19]	Shkrob I A, Marin T W. Charge trapping in photovoltaically active perovskites and related halogenoplumbate compounds. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(7):1066 doi: 10.1021/jz5004022
[20]	Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, et al. The role of intrinsic defects in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(8):1312 doi: 10.1021/jz500370k
[21]	Dong R, Fang Y, Chae J, et al. High-gain and low-driving-voltage photodetectors based on organolead triiodide perovskites. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(11):1912 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.11
[22]	Zhang H, Cheng J Q, Lin F, et al. Pinhole-free and surfacenanostructured niox film by room-temperature solution process for high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells with good stability and reproducibility. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(1):1503 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07043

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Received: 07 November 2016 Revised: 30 November 2016 Online: Published: 01 March 2017

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2017 > 38(3): 034002

Fengjing Liu, Jiawei Wang, Liang Wang, Xiaoyong Cai, Chao Jiang, Gongtang Wang. Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS2 hybrid thin film transistor[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(3): 034002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002 F J Liu, J W Wang, L Wang, X Y Cai, C Jiang, G T Wang. Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS2 hybrid thin film transistor[J]. J. Semicond., 2017, 38(3): 034002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002.Export: BibTex EndNote

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Fengjing Liu, Jiawei Wang, Liang Wang, Xiaoyong Cai, Chao Jiang, Gongtang Wang. Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(3): 034002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002

F J Liu, J W Wang, L Wang, X Y Cai, C Jiang, G T Wang. Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS2 hybrid thin film transistor[J]. J. Semicond., 2017, 38(3): 034002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002.

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Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor

doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/3/034002

1.
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Funds:

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11374070,61327009 214320051) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDA09040201)

the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences No.XDA09040201

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos.11374070,61327009 214320051

More Information

Corresponding author: Chao Jiang, Email:Jiangch@nanoctr.cn; Gongtang Wang,Email:wanggt@sdnu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2016-11-07
Revised Date: 2016-11-30
Published Date: 2017-03-01

Abstract

Abstract

Perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor photodetectors consist of few-layered MoS₂ and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film with various thickness prepared by two-step vacuum deposition. By implementing perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film onto the MoS₂ flake, the perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid photodetector exhibited a photoresponsivity of 10⁴A/W and fast response time of about 40 ms. Improvement of photodetection performance is attributed to the balance between light absorption in the perovskite layer and an effective transfer of photogenerated carriers from perovskite entering the MoS₂ channel. This work may provide guidance to develop high-performance hybrid structure optoelectronic devices.
- perovskite,
- MoS₂,
- photodetector

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References(22)

References

[1]	Sangwan V K, Jariwala D, Kim I S, et al. Gate-tunable memristive phenomena mediated by grain boundaries in single-layer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2015, 10(5):403 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.56
[2]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[3]	Gong Y J, Lin J H, Wang X L, et al. Vertical and in-plane heterostructures from WS₂/MoS₂ monolayers. Nat Mater, 2014, 13(12):1135 doi: 10.1038/nmat4091
[4]	Liu Y, Weiss N O, Duan X, et al. Van der Waals heterostructures and devices. Nat Rev Mater, 2016:16042
[5]	Li X, Lin M W, Lin J, et al. Two-dimensional GaSe/MoSe₂ misfit bilayer heterojunctions by van der Waals epitaxy. Sci Adv, 2016, 2(4):e1501882 https://www.ornl.gov/content/two-dimensional-gasemose2-misfit-bilayer-heterojunctions-van-der-waals-epitaxy
[6]	Kim S, Konar A, Hwang W S, et al. High-mobility and lowpower thin-film transistors based on multilayer MoS₂ crystals. Nat Commun, 2012, 3:1011 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2018
[7]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, et al. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS₂. Nat Nanotech, 2013, 8(7):497 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2013.100
[8]	Choi W, Cho M Y, Konar A, et al. High-detectivity multilayer MoS₂ phototransistors with spectral response from ultraviolet to infrared. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(43):5832 doi: 10.1002/adma.201201909
[9]	Yu S H, Lee Y, Jang S K, et al. Dye-sensitized MoS₂ photodetector with enhanced spectral photoresponse. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(8):8285 doi: 10.1021/nn502715h
[10]	Pak J, Jang J, Cho K, et al. Enhancement of photodetection characteristics of MoS₂ field effect transistors using surface treatment with copper phthalocyanine. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(44):18780 doi: 10.1039/C5NR04836B
[11]	Kufer D, Nikitskiy I, Lasanta T, et al. Hybrid 2D-0D MoS₂-PbS quantum dot photodetectors. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):176 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[12]	Kazim S, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M, et al. Perovskite as light harvester:a game changer in photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2014, 53(11):2812 doi: 10.1002/anie.v53.11
[13]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, et al. Lead Iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci Rep, 2012, 2:7 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacques-E_Moser/publication/230716542_Lead_Iodide_Perovskite_Sensitized_All-Solid-State_Submicron_Thin_Film_Mesoscopic_Solar_Cell_with_Efficiency_Exceeding_9/links/09e41506f09cb81b07000000.pdf?origin=publication_detail
[14]	Yang W S, Noh J H, Jeon N J, et al. High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange. Science, 2015, 348(6240):1234 doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9272
[15]	Lee Y, Kwon J, Hwang E, et al. High-performance perovskitegraphene hybrid photodetector. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(1):41 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.1
[16]	Kwak D H, Lim D H, Ra H S, et al. High performance hybrid graphene-CsPbBr_3-xI_x perovskite nanocrystal photodetector. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(69):65252 doi: 10.1039/C6RA08699C
[17]	Ma C, Shi Y M, Hu W J, et al. Heterostructured WS₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ photoconductors with suppressed dark current and enhanced photodetectivity. Adv Mater, 2016, 28(19):3683 doi: 10.1002/adma.v28.19
[18]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, et al. Single-layer MoS₂ transistors. Nat Nanotech, 2011, 6(3):147 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.279
[19]	Shkrob I A, Marin T W. Charge trapping in photovoltaically active perovskites and related halogenoplumbate compounds. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(7):1066 doi: 10.1021/jz5004022
[20]	Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, et al. The role of intrinsic defects in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5(8):1312 doi: 10.1021/jz500370k
[21]	Dong R, Fang Y, Chae J, et al. High-gain and low-driving-voltage photodetectors based on organolead triiodide perovskites. Adv Mater, 2015, 27(11):1912 doi: 10.1002/adma.v27.11
[22]	Zhang H, Cheng J Q, Lin F, et al. Pinhole-free and surfacenanostructured niox film by room-temperature solution process for high-performance flexible perovskite solar cells with good stability and reproducibility. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(1):1503 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07043

Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor

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Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor

Enhancement of photodetection based on perovskite/MoS₂ hybrid thin film transistor