Efficient MAPbI<sub>3</sub> solar cells made <i>via</i> drop-coating at room temperature

Lixiu Zhang; Chuantian Zuo; Liming Ding

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42 > Issue 7 > 072201, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201

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Efficient MAPbI₃ solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature

Lixiu Zhang^{1, 2}, Chuantian Zuo^1, and Liming Ding^1,

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author: Chuantian Zuo, zuocht@nanoctr.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn

Abstract: Here we demonstrate a room-temperature drop-coating method for MAPbI₃ films. By using low-boiling-point solvent, high-quality MAPbI₃ films were made by simply casting a drop of solution onto the substrate at room temperature. This approach took advantage of the synergistic effect of good wettability and volatility of the solvent, enabling high nuclei density and compact film at room temperature. The crystal growth in different solvents was in-situ observed by using optical microscope, which helped us to understand the mechanism for the formation of different film morphology. Perovskite solar cells gave a PCE of 18.21%.

Key words: perovskite solar cells, drop-coating, room temperature, low-boiling-point solvent, crystal growth

References

[1]	Yoo J J, Seo G, Chua M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590, 587 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w
[2]	Jeong M, Choi I W, Go E M, et al. Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3 V voltage loss. Science, 2020, 369, 1615 doi: 10.1126/science.abb7167
[3]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[4]	Best research-cell efficiencies. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cell-efficiencies.20200104.pdf
[5]	Du M, Zhu X, Wang L, et al. High-pressure nitrogen-extraction and effective passivation to attain highest large-area perovskite solar module efficiency. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2004979 doi: 10.1002/adma.202004979
[6]	Subbiah A S, Isikgor F H, Howells C T, et al. High-performance perovskite single-junction and textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via slot-die coating. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01297
[7]	Chen S, Xiao X, Gu H, et al. Iodine reduction for reproducible and high-performance perovskite solar cells and modules. Sci Adv, 2021, 7, eabe8130 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8130
[8]	Wu W Q, Rudd P N, Ni Z, et al. Reducing surface halide deficiency for efficient and stable iodide-based perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142, 3989 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13418
[9]	Jeong D N, Lee D K, Seo S, et al. Perovskite cluster-containing solution for scalable D-bar coating toward high-throughput perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2019, 4, 1189 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00042
[10]	Bishop J E, Read C D, Smith J A, et al. Fully spray-coated triple-cation perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep, 2020, 10, 6610 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63674-5
[11]	Zuo C, Scully A D, Tan W L, et al. Crystallisation control of drop-cast quasi-2D/3D perovskite layers for efficient solar cells. Commun Mater, 2020, 1, 33 doi: 10.1038/s43246-020-0036-z
[12]	Zuo C, Scully A, Yak D, et al. Self-assembled 2D perovskite layers for efficient printable solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1803258 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803258
[13]	Zuo C, Ding L. Drop-casting enables making efficient perovskite solar cells under high humidity. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60, 11242 doi: 10.1002/anie.202101868
[14]	Xiao H, Zuo C, Liu F, et al. Drop-coating produces efficient CsPbI₂Br solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050502
[15]	Noel N K, Habisreutinger S N, Wenger B, et al. A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films. Energy Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 145 doi: 10.1039/C6EE02373H
[16]	Wang K, Wu C, Hou Y, et al. Isothermally crystallize perovskites at room-temperature. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1039/D0EE01967D
[17]	Dou B, Whitaker J B, Bruening K, et al. Roll-to-roll printing of perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 2558 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01556
[18]	Chu D B K, Owen J S, Peters B. Nucleation and growth kinetics from lamer burst data. J Phys Chem A, 2017, 121, 7511 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08368

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Schematic illustration of the drop-coating method. (b) and (c) Video images for the drying process of MAPbI₃ solution with (b) DMF/DMSO solvent and (c) MA(EtOH)/ACN solvent.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) and (b) Video images from the drying processes of (a) DMF/DMSO solution and (b) DMF solution. Scale bar: 30 μm. (c) and (d) Illustration of the crystal growth in (c) high-boiling-point DMF/DMSO solution and (d) low-boiling-point MA(EtOH)/ACN solution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) and (b) SEM images (top view) for MAPbI₃ films made from (a) DMF/DMSO and (b) MA(EtOH)/ACN solutions. (c) and (d) Cross-sectional SEM images for MAPbI₃ films from (c) DMF/DMSO and (d) MA(EtOH)/ACN solutions. (e) UV–Vis absorption spectra and (f) XRD patterns for MAPbI₃ films from DMF/DMSO and MA(EtOH)/ACN solutions. The calculated pattern for MAPbI₃ powder is presented at the bottom.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) Cross-sectional SEM image for the cell made with MA(EtOH)/ACN solution. (b) Device structure. (c) J–V curves under forward and reverse scans. (d) EQE spectrum for the best cell.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1. Performance data for the best cell.

Parameter	V_oc (V)	J_sc (mA/cm²)	FF (%)	PCE (%)
Reverse	1.04	22.70	77.39	18.21
Forward	1.03	22.74	73.48	17.17

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Yoo J J, Seo G, Chua M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590, 587 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w
[2]	Jeong M, Choi I W, Go E M, et al. Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3 V voltage loss. Science, 2020, 369, 1615 doi: 10.1126/science.abb7167
[3]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[4]	Best research-cell efficiencies. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cell-efficiencies.20200104.pdf
[5]	Du M, Zhu X, Wang L, et al. High-pressure nitrogen-extraction and effective passivation to attain highest large-area perovskite solar module efficiency. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2004979 doi: 10.1002/adma.202004979
[6]	Subbiah A S, Isikgor F H, Howells C T, et al. High-performance perovskite single-junction and textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via slot-die coating. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01297
[7]	Chen S, Xiao X, Gu H, et al. Iodine reduction for reproducible and high-performance perovskite solar cells and modules. Sci Adv, 2021, 7, eabe8130 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8130
[8]	Wu W Q, Rudd P N, Ni Z, et al. Reducing surface halide deficiency for efficient and stable iodide-based perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142, 3989 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13418
[9]	Jeong D N, Lee D K, Seo S, et al. Perovskite cluster-containing solution for scalable D-bar coating toward high-throughput perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2019, 4, 1189 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00042
[10]	Bishop J E, Read C D, Smith J A, et al. Fully spray-coated triple-cation perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep, 2020, 10, 6610 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63674-5
[11]	Zuo C, Scully A D, Tan W L, et al. Crystallisation control of drop-cast quasi-2D/3D perovskite layers for efficient solar cells. Commun Mater, 2020, 1, 33 doi: 10.1038/s43246-020-0036-z
[12]	Zuo C, Scully A, Yak D, et al. Self-assembled 2D perovskite layers for efficient printable solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1803258 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803258
[13]	Zuo C, Ding L. Drop-casting enables making efficient perovskite solar cells under high humidity. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60, 11242 doi: 10.1002/anie.202101868
[14]	Xiao H, Zuo C, Liu F, et al. Drop-coating produces efficient CsPbI₂Br solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050502
[15]	Noel N K, Habisreutinger S N, Wenger B, et al. A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films. Energy Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 145 doi: 10.1039/C6EE02373H
[16]	Wang K, Wu C, Hou Y, et al. Isothermally crystallize perovskites at room-temperature. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1039/D0EE01967D
[17]	Dou B, Whitaker J B, Bruening K, et al. Roll-to-roll printing of perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 2558 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01556
[18]	Chu D B K, Owen J S, Peters B. Nucleation and growth kinetics from lamer burst data. J Phys Chem A, 2017, 121, 7511 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08368

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Received: 12 April 2021 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 13 April 2021Uncorrected proof: 14 April 2021Published: 05 July 2021

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2021 > 42(7): 072201

Lixiu Zhang, Chuantian Zuo, Liming Ding. Efficient MAPbI3 solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(7): 072201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201 L X Zhang, C T Zuo, L M Ding, Efficient MAPbI3 solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 072201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201.Export: BibTex EndNote

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Lixiu Zhang, Chuantian Zuo, Liming Ding. Efficient MAPbI₃ solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(7): 072201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201

L X Zhang, C T Zuo, L M Ding, Efficient MAPbI3 solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 072201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201.

Export: BibTex EndNote

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L X Zhang, C T Zuo, L M Ding, Efficient MAPbI3 solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 072201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201.

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Efficient MAPbI₃ solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature

doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/072201

1.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

More Information

Author Bio:
Lixiu Zhang got her BS degree from Soochow University in 2019. Now she is a PhD student at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Prof. Liming Ding. Her research focuses on perovskite solar cells

Chuantian Zuo received his PhD degree in 2018 from National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (CAS) under the supervision of Professor Liming Ding. Then he did postdoctoral research in CSIRO, Australia. Currently, he is an assistant professor in Liming Ding Group. His research focuses on innovative fabrication techniques for perovskite solar cells

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on functional materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors
Corresponding author: zuocht@nanoctr.cn; ding@nanoctr.cn
Received Date: 2021-04-12
Published Date: 2021-07-10

Abstract

Abstract

Here we demonstrate a room-temperature drop-coating method for MAPbI₃ films. By using low-boiling-point solvent, high-quality MAPbI₃ films were made by simply casting a drop of solution onto the substrate at room temperature. This approach took advantage of the synergistic effect of good wettability and volatility of the solvent, enabling high nuclei density and compact film at room temperature. The crystal growth in different solvents was in-situ observed by using optical microscope, which helped us to understand the mechanism for the formation of different film morphology. Perovskite solar cells gave a PCE of 18.21%.
- perovskite solar cells,
- drop-coating,
- room temperature,
- low-boiling-point solvent,
- crystal growth

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References(18)

References

[1]	Yoo J J, Seo G, Chua M R, et al. Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management. Nature, 2021, 590, 587 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w
[2]	Jeong M, Choi I W, Go E M, et al. Stable perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 24.8% and 0.3 V voltage loss. Science, 2020, 369, 1615 doi: 10.1126/science.abb7167
[3]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[4]	Best research-cell efficiencies. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-research-cell-efficiencies.20200104.pdf
[5]	Du M, Zhu X, Wang L, et al. High-pressure nitrogen-extraction and effective passivation to attain highest large-area perovskite solar module efficiency. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2004979 doi: 10.1002/adma.202004979
[6]	Subbiah A S, Isikgor F H, Howells C T, et al. High-performance perovskite single-junction and textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells via slot-die coating. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01297
[7]	Chen S, Xiao X, Gu H, et al. Iodine reduction for reproducible and high-performance perovskite solar cells and modules. Sci Adv, 2021, 7, eabe8130 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8130
[8]	Wu W Q, Rudd P N, Ni Z, et al. Reducing surface halide deficiency for efficient and stable iodide-based perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2020, 142, 3989 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13418
[9]	Jeong D N, Lee D K, Seo S, et al. Perovskite cluster-containing solution for scalable D-bar coating toward high-throughput perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2019, 4, 1189 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00042
[10]	Bishop J E, Read C D, Smith J A, et al. Fully spray-coated triple-cation perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep, 2020, 10, 6610 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63674-5
[11]	Zuo C, Scully A D, Tan W L, et al. Crystallisation control of drop-cast quasi-2D/3D perovskite layers for efficient solar cells. Commun Mater, 2020, 1, 33 doi: 10.1038/s43246-020-0036-z
[12]	Zuo C, Scully A, Yak D, et al. Self-assembled 2D perovskite layers for efficient printable solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1803258 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201803258
[13]	Zuo C, Ding L. Drop-casting enables making efficient perovskite solar cells under high humidity. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2021, 60, 11242 doi: 10.1002/anie.202101868
[14]	Xiao H, Zuo C, Liu F, et al. Drop-coating produces efficient CsPbI₂Br solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050502
[15]	Noel N K, Habisreutinger S N, Wenger B, et al. A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films. Energy Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 145 doi: 10.1039/C6EE02373H
[16]	Wang K, Wu C, Hou Y, et al. Isothermally crystallize perovskites at room-temperature. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 5, 3034 doi: 10.1039/D0EE01967D
[17]	Dou B, Whitaker J B, Bruening K, et al. Roll-to-roll printing of perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 2558 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01556
[18]	Chu D B K, Owen J S, Peters B. Nucleation and growth kinetics from lamer burst data. J Phys Chem A, 2017, 121, 7511 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08368

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