J. Semicond. > 2023, Volume 44 > Issue 3 > 030401, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401
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An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts

Mengmeng Ma1, 2, Zhijie Wang1, 2, and Yong Lei3,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Zhijie Wang, wangzj@semi.ac.cn; Yong Lei, yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de

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[1]
Wang X C, Maeda K, Thomas A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat Mater, 2009, 8, 76 doi: 10.1038/nmat2317
[2]
Li R G, Zhang F X, Wang D E, et al. Spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes among {010} and {110} crystal facets of BiVO4. Nat Commun, 2013, 4, 1432 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2401
[3]
Takata T, Jiang J Z, Sakata Y, et al. Photocatalytic water splitting with a quantum efficiency of almost unity. Nature, 2020, 581, 411 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2278-9
[4]
Nishiyama H, Yamada T, Nakabayashi M, et al. Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale. Nature, 2021, 598, 304 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03907-3
[5]
Wang X Y, Chen L J, Chong S Y, et al. Sulfone-containing covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Nat Chem, 2018, 10, 1180 doi: 10.1038/s41557-018-0141-5
[6]
Bai Y, Wilbraham L, Gao H, et al. Photocatalytic polymers of intrinsic microporosity for hydrogen production from water. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 19958 doi: 10.1039/D1TA03098A
[7]
Kosco J, Moruzzi F, Willner B, et al. Photocatalysts based on organic semiconductors with tunable energy levels for solar fuel applications. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10, 2001935 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202001935
[8]
Dai C H, Liu B. Conjugated polymers for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13, 24 doi: 10.1039/C9EE01935A
[9]
Itskos G, Heliotis G, Lagoudakis P G, et al. Efficient dipole-dipole coupling of Mott-Wannier and Frenkel excitons in (Ga, In)N quantum well/polyfluorene semiconductor heterostructures. Phys Rev B, 2007, 76, 035344 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035344
[10]
Li C Z, Liu J L, Li H, et al. Covalent organic frameworks with high quantum efficiency in sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun, 2022, 13, 2357 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30035-x
[11]
Kosco J, Gonzalez-Carrero S, Howells C T, et al. Generation of long-lived charges in organic semiconductor heterojunction nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Energy, 2022, 7, 340 doi: 10.1038/s41560-022-00990-2
[12]
Ma M M, Huang Y B, Liu J, et al. Engineering the photoelectrochemical behaviors of ZnO for efficient solar water splitting. J Semicond, 2020, 41, 091702 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/9/091702
[13]
Zhong Y F, Causa' M, Moore G J, et al. Sub-picosecond charge-transfer at near-zero driving force in polymer: Non-fullerene acceptor blends and bilayers. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 833 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14549-w
[14]
Wang J, Liu D, Zhu Y F, et al. Supramolecular packing dominant photocatalytic oxidation and anticancer performance of PDI. Appl Catal B, 2018, 231, 251 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.026
[15]
Zhang N, Wang L, Wang H M, et al. Self-assembled one-dimensional porphyrin nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Nano Lett, 2018, 18, 560 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04701
[16]
Laconsay C J, Tsui K Y, Tantillo D J. Tipping the balance: Theoretical interrogation of divergent extended heterolytic fragmentations. Chem Sci, 2020, 11, 2231 doi: 10.1039/C9SC05161A
[17]
Peng P, Yan X X, Zhang K, et al. Electrochemical C−C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes towards the synthesis of 1, 3-difunctionalized molecules. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 3075 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23401-8
[18]
Wang M Y, Li M, Yang S, et al. Radical-mediated C-C cleavage of unstrained cycloketones and DFT study for unusual regioselectivity. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 672 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14435-5
[19]
Liu P, Redekop E, Gao X, et al. Oligomerization of light olefins catalyzed by Brønsted-acidic metal-organic framework-808. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141, 11557 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b03867
Fig. 1.  (Color online) (a) Bright-field cryo-TEM images of intermixed PM6:Y6 7 : 3 NPs and (b) phase-separated core-shell PM6:PCBM 2 : 8 NPs. (c) Energy level diagram of PM6, Y6, and PCBM measured by UPS and IPES. The dashed lines correspond to the proton reduction potential (H+/H2), water oxidation potential (O2/H2O), and the calculated potential of the two-hole oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid in solution (DHA/AA) at pH 2 (the experimentally measured pH of 0.2 mol/L ascorbic acid).

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Fig. 2.  (Color online) Ultrafast TAS characterization for neat PM6, PM6:Y6 7 : 3, and PM6:PCBM 2 : 8 nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. (a) Transient absorption spectra of PM6 NPs at different time delays following excitation at 550 nm (fluence: 7.5 μJ/cm2). (b) Comparison of transient absorption decay dynamics for neat PM6, PM6:PCBM 2 : 8, and PM6:Y6 7 : 3 NPs excited at 550 nm and probed at 1150 nm, assigned to PM6 exciton decay, with the long-lived residual signal assigned to PM6 polaron decay in the heterojunction NPs. (c, d) Transient absorption spectra of PM6:PCBM 2 : 8 NPs (c) and PM6:Y6 7 : 3 NPs (d) at different time delays, also excited at 550 nm (fluence: 7.5 μJ/cm2). The disconnect in the transient absorption spectra axis corresponds to the pump laser scattering (550 nm) and the switch from visible to NIR detector (800–850 nm). (e) Schematic representation of exciton decay and electron/energy transfer processes in these NPs.

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[1]
Wang X C, Maeda K, Thomas A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat Mater, 2009, 8, 76 doi: 10.1038/nmat2317
[2]
Li R G, Zhang F X, Wang D E, et al. Spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes among {010} and {110} crystal facets of BiVO4. Nat Commun, 2013, 4, 1432 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2401
[3]
Takata T, Jiang J Z, Sakata Y, et al. Photocatalytic water splitting with a quantum efficiency of almost unity. Nature, 2020, 581, 411 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2278-9
[4]
Nishiyama H, Yamada T, Nakabayashi M, et al. Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale. Nature, 2021, 598, 304 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03907-3
[5]
Wang X Y, Chen L J, Chong S Y, et al. Sulfone-containing covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Nat Chem, 2018, 10, 1180 doi: 10.1038/s41557-018-0141-5
[6]
Bai Y, Wilbraham L, Gao H, et al. Photocatalytic polymers of intrinsic microporosity for hydrogen production from water. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 19958 doi: 10.1039/D1TA03098A
[7]
Kosco J, Moruzzi F, Willner B, et al. Photocatalysts based on organic semiconductors with tunable energy levels for solar fuel applications. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10, 2001935 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202001935
[8]
Dai C H, Liu B. Conjugated polymers for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Energy Environ Sci, 2020, 13, 24 doi: 10.1039/C9EE01935A
[9]
Itskos G, Heliotis G, Lagoudakis P G, et al. Efficient dipole-dipole coupling of Mott-Wannier and Frenkel excitons in (Ga, In)N quantum well/polyfluorene semiconductor heterostructures. Phys Rev B, 2007, 76, 035344 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035344
[10]
Li C Z, Liu J L, Li H, et al. Covalent organic frameworks with high quantum efficiency in sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun, 2022, 13, 2357 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30035-x
[11]
Kosco J, Gonzalez-Carrero S, Howells C T, et al. Generation of long-lived charges in organic semiconductor heterojunction nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Energy, 2022, 7, 340 doi: 10.1038/s41560-022-00990-2
[12]
Ma M M, Huang Y B, Liu J, et al. Engineering the photoelectrochemical behaviors of ZnO for efficient solar water splitting. J Semicond, 2020, 41, 091702 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/9/091702
[13]
Zhong Y F, Causa' M, Moore G J, et al. Sub-picosecond charge-transfer at near-zero driving force in polymer: Non-fullerene acceptor blends and bilayers. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 833 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14549-w
[14]
Wang J, Liu D, Zhu Y F, et al. Supramolecular packing dominant photocatalytic oxidation and anticancer performance of PDI. Appl Catal B, 2018, 231, 251 doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.026
[15]
Zhang N, Wang L, Wang H M, et al. Self-assembled one-dimensional porphyrin nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Nano Lett, 2018, 18, 560 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04701
[16]
Laconsay C J, Tsui K Y, Tantillo D J. Tipping the balance: Theoretical interrogation of divergent extended heterolytic fragmentations. Chem Sci, 2020, 11, 2231 doi: 10.1039/C9SC05161A
[17]
Peng P, Yan X X, Zhang K, et al. Electrochemical C−C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes towards the synthesis of 1, 3-difunctionalized molecules. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 3075 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23401-8
[18]
Wang M Y, Li M, Yang S, et al. Radical-mediated C-C cleavage of unstrained cycloketones and DFT study for unusual regioselectivity. Nat Commun, 2020, 11, 672 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14435-5
[19]
Liu P, Redekop E, Gao X, et al. Oligomerization of light olefins catalyzed by Brønsted-acidic metal-organic framework-808. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141, 11557 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b03867

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    Received: 13 December 2022 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 20 December 2022Uncorrected proof: 21 December 2022Published: 10 March 2023

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2023  >  44(3): 030401
      Mengmeng Ma, Zhijie Wang, Yong Lei. An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(3): 030401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401 M M Ma, Z J Wang, Y Lei. An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts[J]. J. Semicond, 2023, 44(3): 030401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401Export: BibTex EndNote
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      Mengmeng Ma, Zhijie Wang, Yong Lei. An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(3): 030401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401

      M M Ma, Z J Wang, Y Lei. An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts[J]. J. Semicond, 2023, 44(3): 030401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401
      Export: BibTex EndNote
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      An in-depth understanding of photophysics in organic photocatalysts

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/3/030401
      • 1.

        Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

      • 2.

        Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

      • 3.

        Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau 98693, Germany

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      • Author Bio:

        Mengmeng Ma received her B.S. degree from Beijing University of Science and Technology in 2019. Now she is a Ph.D. student at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the supervision of Professor Zhijie Wang and Shengchun Qu. Her current work focuses on nanomaterials and technology for photo (electro) chemistry

        Zhijie Wang received his B.S. degree in 2004 from Zhejiang University and his Ph.D. degree in 2009 from the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. After four years of postdoc research in the University of Wyoming and the University of Michigan, he worked as a senior scientist and a junior group leader at the Ilmenau University of Technology (Germany) in the 3D Nanostructuring Group of Prof. Yong Lei since 2013. He is currently a professor in the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interest includes nanomaterials, nano-devices, energy-related sciences, surface science, and photoelectron chemistry

        Yong Lei is a Professor at the Technical University of Ilmenau in Germany. He received his Ph.D. from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2001. He worked at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and at the University of Muenster as a junior professor. In 2011, he joined the Technical University of Ilmenau as a chair professor and leader of the group of applied nano-physics. His research focuses on template-based nanostructures and their energy-related and optoelectronic applications

      • Corresponding author: wangzj@semi.ac.cn; yong.lei@tu-ilmenau.de
      • Received Date: 2022-12-13
        Available Online: 2022-12-20

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