The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

R. Suresh; V. Ponnuswamy; J. Chandrasekaran; D. Manoharan; R. Mariappan

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001

J. Semicond. > 2013, Volume 34 > Issue 8 > 083001

SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

R. Suresh, V. Ponnuswamy, J. Chandrasekaran, D. Manoharan and R. Mariappan

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author: V. Ponnuswamy, Email:rsdphy@gmail.com

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001

Abstract: Polyaniline, ZnO and polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite thin films are coated on glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. The samples are characterized by the XRD, SEM, EDAX, UV-Vis and I-V characteristics. The XRD analyses confirm that the spray-coated polyaniline and ZnO thin films have orthorhombic and hexagonal structures, respectively, and optical bandgap energy decreases from 3.81 to 3.41 eV with the addition of a Zn atom. SEM analysis of the polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite thin films shows that there is an agglomeration of ZnO particles with uniform distribution in the polyaniline matrix, and the diode characteristics of the polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite show weak rectification behavior. Parameters such as the ideality factor, reverse saturation current and barrier height are calculated from the I-V characteristics.

Key words: thin films, X-ray diffraction, optical properties, I-V characteristics

References

[1]	Misra S C K, Chandra S. Electronic applications of semiconducting polymers. Indian Journal Chemistry, 1994, 33A:583 https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/files/final_submissions/10070
[2]	Zgur U O, Alivov Y J, Liu C. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:041301 doi: 10.1063/1.1992666
[3]	Aglan A, Ludwick A, Reeves M. Conference on Nanopolymer Technology, China, 2004 http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2006/symposia/Polymer_Nanotechnology.html
[4]	Ameen S, Akhtar M S, Ansari S G, et al. Electrophoretically deposited polyaniline/ZnO nanoparticles for p-n heterostrucute diodes. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2009, 49:872 http://www.academia.edu/15622302/Electrophoretically_deposited_polyaniline_ZnO_nanoparticles_for_p_n_heterostructure_diodes
[5]	Karim M R, Lee C J, Park Y T, et al. SWNTs coated by conducting polyaniline:synthesis and modified properties. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 151:131 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.03.012
[6]	Patil S L, Chougule M A, Sen S, et al. Measurements on room temperature gas sensing properties of CSA doped polyanaline-ZnO nanocomposites. Measurement, 2012, 45:243 doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.12.012
[7]	Diarmid G M, Mu S L, Somasiri M L D, et al. Polyaniline:protonic acid doping to the metallic regime. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst, 1985, 125:309 doi: 10.1080/00268948508080110
[8]	Pei Q, Bi X. Electrochemical preparation of electrically conducting polyurethane/polyanaline composite. J Appl Polym Sci, 1989, 38:1819 doi: 10.1002/app.1989.070381004
[9]	Zhao Y P, Cai Z S, Zhou Z Y, et al. Fabrication of conductive network formed by polyaniline-ZnO composite on fabric surfaces. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519:5887 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.02.088
[10]	Sui X M, Shao C L, Liu Y C. White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87:113115 doi: 10.1063/1.2048808
[11]	Olson D C, Piris J, Colins R T, et al. Hybrid photovoltaic devices of polymer and ZnO nanofiber composites. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 496:26 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.179
[12]	He Y. A novel emulsion route to sub-micrometer polyanaline/nano-ZnO composite fibers. Appl Surf Sci, 2005, 249:1 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.061
[13]	Ozgur U, Alivov Y I, Liu C, et al. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:04130 http://morkoc.vcu.edu/publications/176109GetPDFServlet.pdf
[14]	Satio N, Haneda H, Sekiguchi T, et al. Low temperature fabrication of light emitting zinc oxide micropatterns using self-assembled monolayers. Adv Mater, 2002, 14:418 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
[15]	Sharma B K, Khare N, Dhawan S K, et al. Dielectric properties of nano ZnO-polyanaline composite in the microwave frequency range. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 477:370 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.004
[16]	Eskizeybek V, Sari F, Gulce H, et al. Preparation of the new polyanaline/ZnO nanocomposite and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue and malachite green days un-der UV and natural sun lights irradiations. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2012, 119/120:197 https://es.scribd.com/document/252006088/Textiles-History-Properties-and-Performance-and-Application-2014
[17]	Jin Z C, Hamberg I, Granqvist C G, et al. Reactively sputtered ZnO:Al films for energy-efficient windows. Thin Solid Films, 1988, 164:381 doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(88)90166-6
[18]	Spanhel L, Anderson M A. Semiconductor clusters in the sol-gel process:quantized aggregation, gelation, and crystal growth in concentrated ZnO colloids. J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113:2826 doi: 10.1021/ja00008a004
[19]	Chang M. Enhancement of the ultraviolet emission of ZnO nanostructures by polyaniline modification. Chem Phys Lett, 2007, 446:370 doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.078
[20]	Zaharias G A, Shi H H, Bent S F. Characterization of polyconjugated thin films synthesized by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of aniline. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 501:341 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.145
[21]	Vakuphanoglu F, Senkal B F, Sarac A. Electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and optical properties of organo-soluble polyaniline organic semiconductor. J Electron Mater, 2008, 37:930 doi: 10.1007/s11664-008-0404-9
[22]	Chakraborty A, Mondal T, Bera S K. Effects of aluminum and indium incorporation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Mater Chem Phys, 2008, 112:162 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.05.047
[23]	Sharma B K, Gupta A K, Khare N. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-ZnO composite and its dielectric behavior. Synthetic Metals, 2009, 159:391 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.10.010
[24]	Tahir M, Sayyad M H, Khan D N. Fabrication and characterization of Al/Methyl orange/n-Si heterojunction diode. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, 61:1052 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.309.3342

Fig. 1. The XRD pattern of the spray-coated PANI, ZnO and PANI/ZnO nanocomposite thin films.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 2. The absorbance spectra of the spray-coated PANI, ZnO and PANI/ZnO nanocomposite thin films.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3. The bandgap energy spectra of the spray-coated PANI, ZnO and PANI/ZnO nanocomposite thin films.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4. The RTPL spectra of the spray-coated PANI, ZnO and PANI/ZnO nanocomposite thin films.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 5. SEM and EDX analysis of the spray-coated PANI, ZnO and PANI/ZnO nanocomposite thin films.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the ITO/PANI-ZnO/Al heterostructure diode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 7. The $I$–$V$ characteristics of the ITO/PANI-ZnO/Al heterostructure diode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 8. Semi-logarithmatic $I$–$V$ curves of the ITO/PANI-ZnO/Al heterostructure diode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1. Structural parameters of the prepared samples.

Table 2. Optical parameters of the prepared samples.

Table 3. Elemental composition of the prepared samples.

[1]	Misra S C K, Chandra S. Electronic applications of semiconducting polymers. Indian Journal Chemistry, 1994, 33A:583 https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/files/final_submissions/10070
[2]	Zgur U O, Alivov Y J, Liu C. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:041301 doi: 10.1063/1.1992666
[3]	Aglan A, Ludwick A, Reeves M. Conference on Nanopolymer Technology, China, 2004 http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2006/symposia/Polymer_Nanotechnology.html
[4]	Ameen S, Akhtar M S, Ansari S G, et al. Electrophoretically deposited polyaniline/ZnO nanoparticles for p-n heterostrucute diodes. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2009, 49:872 http://www.academia.edu/15622302/Electrophoretically_deposited_polyaniline_ZnO_nanoparticles_for_p_n_heterostructure_diodes
[5]	Karim M R, Lee C J, Park Y T, et al. SWNTs coated by conducting polyaniline:synthesis and modified properties. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 151:131 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.03.012
[6]	Patil S L, Chougule M A, Sen S, et al. Measurements on room temperature gas sensing properties of CSA doped polyanaline-ZnO nanocomposites. Measurement, 2012, 45:243 doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.12.012
[7]	Diarmid G M, Mu S L, Somasiri M L D, et al. Polyaniline:protonic acid doping to the metallic regime. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst, 1985, 125:309 doi: 10.1080/00268948508080110
[8]	Pei Q, Bi X. Electrochemical preparation of electrically conducting polyurethane/polyanaline composite. J Appl Polym Sci, 1989, 38:1819 doi: 10.1002/app.1989.070381004
[9]	Zhao Y P, Cai Z S, Zhou Z Y, et al. Fabrication of conductive network formed by polyaniline-ZnO composite on fabric surfaces. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519:5887 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.02.088
[10]	Sui X M, Shao C L, Liu Y C. White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87:113115 doi: 10.1063/1.2048808
[11]	Olson D C, Piris J, Colins R T, et al. Hybrid photovoltaic devices of polymer and ZnO nanofiber composites. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 496:26 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.179
[12]	He Y. A novel emulsion route to sub-micrometer polyanaline/nano-ZnO composite fibers. Appl Surf Sci, 2005, 249:1 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.061
[13]	Ozgur U, Alivov Y I, Liu C, et al. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:04130 http://morkoc.vcu.edu/publications/176109GetPDFServlet.pdf
[14]	Satio N, Haneda H, Sekiguchi T, et al. Low temperature fabrication of light emitting zinc oxide micropatterns using self-assembled monolayers. Adv Mater, 2002, 14:418 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
[15]	Sharma B K, Khare N, Dhawan S K, et al. Dielectric properties of nano ZnO-polyanaline composite in the microwave frequency range. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 477:370 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.004
[16]	Eskizeybek V, Sari F, Gulce H, et al. Preparation of the new polyanaline/ZnO nanocomposite and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue and malachite green days un-der UV and natural sun lights irradiations. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2012, 119/120:197 https://es.scribd.com/document/252006088/Textiles-History-Properties-and-Performance-and-Application-2014
[17]	Jin Z C, Hamberg I, Granqvist C G, et al. Reactively sputtered ZnO:Al films for energy-efficient windows. Thin Solid Films, 1988, 164:381 doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(88)90166-6
[18]	Spanhel L, Anderson M A. Semiconductor clusters in the sol-gel process:quantized aggregation, gelation, and crystal growth in concentrated ZnO colloids. J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113:2826 doi: 10.1021/ja00008a004
[19]	Chang M. Enhancement of the ultraviolet emission of ZnO nanostructures by polyaniline modification. Chem Phys Lett, 2007, 446:370 doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.078
[20]	Zaharias G A, Shi H H, Bent S F. Characterization of polyconjugated thin films synthesized by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of aniline. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 501:341 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.145
[21]	Vakuphanoglu F, Senkal B F, Sarac A. Electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and optical properties of organo-soluble polyaniline organic semiconductor. J Electron Mater, 2008, 37:930 doi: 10.1007/s11664-008-0404-9
[22]	Chakraborty A, Mondal T, Bera S K. Effects of aluminum and indium incorporation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Mater Chem Phys, 2008, 112:162 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.05.047
[23]	Sharma B K, Gupta A K, Khare N. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-ZnO composite and its dielectric behavior. Synthetic Metals, 2009, 159:391 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.10.010
[24]	Tahir M, Sayyad M H, Khan D N. Fabrication and characterization of Al/Methyl orange/n-Si heterojunction diode. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, 61:1052 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.309.3342

Search

GET CITATION

shu

Export: BibTex EndNote

Article Metrics

Article views: 2542 Times PDF downloads: 18 Times Cited by: 0 Times

History

Received: 10 January 2013 Revised: 11 February 2013 Online: Published: 01 August 2013

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2013 > 34(8): 083001

R. Suresh, V. Ponnuswamy, J. Chandrasekaran, D. Manoharan, R. Mariappan. The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(8): 083001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001 ****R. Suresh, V. Ponnuswamy, J. Chandrasekaran, D. Manoharan, R. Mariappan. The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(8): 083001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001.

Citation:

PDF( 195 KB)

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001

Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641020, Tamil Nadu, India

More Information

Corresponding author: V. Ponnuswamy, Email:rsdphy@gmail.com
Received Date: 2013-01-10
Revised Date: 2013-02-11
Published Date: 2013-08-01

Abstract

Abstract

Polyaniline, ZnO and polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite thin films are coated on glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. The samples are characterized by the XRD, SEM, EDAX, UV-Vis and I-V characteristics. The XRD analyses confirm that the spray-coated polyaniline and ZnO thin films have orthorhombic and hexagonal structures, respectively, and optical bandgap energy decreases from 3.81 to 3.41 eV with the addition of a Zn atom. SEM analysis of the polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite thin films shows that there is an agglomeration of ZnO particles with uniform distribution in the polyaniline matrix, and the diode characteristics of the polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite show weak rectification behavior. Parameters such as the ideality factor, reverse saturation current and barrier height are calculated from the I-V characteristics.
- thin films,
- X-ray diffraction,
- optical properties,
- I-V characteristics

FullText(HTML)

References(24)

References

[1]	Misra S C K, Chandra S. Electronic applications of semiconducting polymers. Indian Journal Chemistry, 1994, 33A:583 https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/files/final_submissions/10070
[2]	Zgur U O, Alivov Y J, Liu C. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:041301 doi: 10.1063/1.1992666
[3]	Aglan A, Ludwick A, Reeves M. Conference on Nanopolymer Technology, China, 2004 http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2006/symposia/Polymer_Nanotechnology.html
[4]	Ameen S, Akhtar M S, Ansari S G, et al. Electrophoretically deposited polyaniline/ZnO nanoparticles for p-n heterostrucute diodes. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2009, 49:872 http://www.academia.edu/15622302/Electrophoretically_deposited_polyaniline_ZnO_nanoparticles_for_p_n_heterostructure_diodes
[5]	Karim M R, Lee C J, Park Y T, et al. SWNTs coated by conducting polyaniline:synthesis and modified properties. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 151:131 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.03.012
[6]	Patil S L, Chougule M A, Sen S, et al. Measurements on room temperature gas sensing properties of CSA doped polyanaline-ZnO nanocomposites. Measurement, 2012, 45:243 doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.12.012
[7]	Diarmid G M, Mu S L, Somasiri M L D, et al. Polyaniline:protonic acid doping to the metallic regime. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst, 1985, 125:309 doi: 10.1080/00268948508080110
[8]	Pei Q, Bi X. Electrochemical preparation of electrically conducting polyurethane/polyanaline composite. J Appl Polym Sci, 1989, 38:1819 doi: 10.1002/app.1989.070381004
[9]	Zhao Y P, Cai Z S, Zhou Z Y, et al. Fabrication of conductive network formed by polyaniline-ZnO composite on fabric surfaces. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519:5887 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.02.088
[10]	Sui X M, Shao C L, Liu Y C. White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87:113115 doi: 10.1063/1.2048808
[11]	Olson D C, Piris J, Colins R T, et al. Hybrid photovoltaic devices of polymer and ZnO nanofiber composites. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 496:26 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.179
[12]	He Y. A novel emulsion route to sub-micrometer polyanaline/nano-ZnO composite fibers. Appl Surf Sci, 2005, 249:1 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.061
[13]	Ozgur U, Alivov Y I, Liu C, et al. A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98:04130 http://morkoc.vcu.edu/publications/176109GetPDFServlet.pdf
[14]	Satio N, Haneda H, Sekiguchi T, et al. Low temperature fabrication of light emitting zinc oxide micropatterns using self-assembled monolayers. Adv Mater, 2002, 14:418 doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4095
[15]	Sharma B K, Khare N, Dhawan S K, et al. Dielectric properties of nano ZnO-polyanaline composite in the microwave frequency range. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 477:370 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.004
[16]	Eskizeybek V, Sari F, Gulce H, et al. Preparation of the new polyanaline/ZnO nanocomposite and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue and malachite green days un-der UV and natural sun lights irradiations. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2012, 119/120:197 https://es.scribd.com/document/252006088/Textiles-History-Properties-and-Performance-and-Application-2014
[17]	Jin Z C, Hamberg I, Granqvist C G, et al. Reactively sputtered ZnO:Al films for energy-efficient windows. Thin Solid Films, 1988, 164:381 doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(88)90166-6
[18]	Spanhel L, Anderson M A. Semiconductor clusters in the sol-gel process:quantized aggregation, gelation, and crystal growth in concentrated ZnO colloids. J Am Chem Soc, 1991, 113:2826 doi: 10.1021/ja00008a004
[19]	Chang M. Enhancement of the ultraviolet emission of ZnO nanostructures by polyaniline modification. Chem Phys Lett, 2007, 446:370 doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.078
[20]	Zaharias G A, Shi H H, Bent S F. Characterization of polyconjugated thin films synthesized by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of aniline. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 501:341 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.145
[21]	Vakuphanoglu F, Senkal B F, Sarac A. Electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and optical properties of organo-soluble polyaniline organic semiconductor. J Electron Mater, 2008, 37:930 doi: 10.1007/s11664-008-0404-9
[22]	Chakraborty A, Mondal T, Bera S K. Effects of aluminum and indium incorporation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Mater Chem Phys, 2008, 112:162 doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.05.047
[23]	Sharma B K, Gupta A K, Khare N. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-ZnO composite and its dielectric behavior. Synthetic Metals, 2009, 159:391 doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.10.010
[24]	Tahir M, Sayyad M H, Khan D N. Fabrication and characterization of Al/Methyl orange/n-Si heterojunction diode. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, 61:1052 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.309.3342

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

References

Search

GET CITATION

Share:

Article Metrics

History

Catalog

Email This Article

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

References

Search

GET CITATION

Share:

Article Metrics

History

Catalog

Email This Article

The effect of annealing temperature and the characteristics of p-n junction diodes based on sprayed polyaniline/ZnO thin films

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/8/083001

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content