J. Semicond. > 2018, Volume 39 > Issue 12 > 124008
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SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler

Chen Yuan1, 2, Jincheng Dai1, 2, Hao Jia1, 2, Jianfeng Ding1, 2, Lei Zhang1, 2, Xin Fu1, 2 and Lin Yang1, 2,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Lin Yang, Email: oip@semi.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008

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Abstract: A C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler is proposed. The mode-evolution structure is designed in a bi-level taper through which the TM0 mode can evolve into the TE1 mode. Then the TE1 mode is coupled to the TE0 mode at the cross port using the asymmetric directional coupler. The input TE0 mode propagates along the waveguide without mode conversion and output at the through port. From the experimental results, the extinction ratio is lower than 30 dB and the excess loss is less than 1 dB for input TE0 mode at the whole C-band. For input TM0 mode, the ER and the EL are, respectively, lower than −10 and 1.5 dB.

Key words: silicon photonics, polarization rotator splitters, integrated optic devices



[1]
Vivien L, Laval S, Dumont B, et al. Polarization-independent single-mode rib waveguides on silicon-on-insulator for telecommunication wavelengths. Opt Commun, 2002, 210(1/2): 43 doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01681-4
[2]
Milošević M M, Matavulj P S, Timotijević B D, et al. Design rules for single-mode and polarization-independent silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides using stress engineering. J Lightwave Technol, 2008, 26(13): 1840 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2008.922193
[3]
Lu Z, Wang Y, Zhang F, et al. Wideband silicon photonic polarization beamsplitter based on point-symmetric cascaded broadband couplers. Opt Express, 2015, 23(23): 29413 doi: 10.1364/OE.23.029413
[4]
Chen D, Xiao X, Wang L, et al. Broadband, fabrication-tolerant polarization beam splitters based on a tapered directional coupler. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2016, 28(19): 2074 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2016.2583782
[5]
Dai D, Wang Z, Bowers J E. Ultrashort broadband polarization beam splitter based on an asymmetrical directional coupler. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(13): 2590 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.002590
[6]
Hong J M, Ryu H H, Park S R, et al. Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2003, 15(1): 72 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2002.805803
[7]
Huang Y, Tu Z, Yi H, et al. High extinction ratio polarization beam splitter with multimode interference coupler on SOI. Opt Commun, 2013, 307: 46 doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2013.05.055
[8]
Liang T K, Tsang H K. Integrated polarization beam splitter in high index contrast silicon-on-insulator waveguides. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2005, 17(2): 393 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2004.839462
[9]
Dai D, Wang Z, Peters J, et al. Compact polarization beam splitter using an asymmetrical Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on silicon-on-insulator waveguides. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2012, 24(8): 673 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2012.2184530
[10]
Yun H, Chen Z, Wang Y, et al. Polarization-rotating, Bragg-grating filters on silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides using asymmetric periodic corner corrugations. Opt Lett, 2015, 40(23): 5578 doi: 10.1364/OL.40.005578
[11]
Zhang J, Liow T Y, Yu M, et al. Silicon waveguide based TE mode converter. Opt Express, 2010, 18(24): 25264 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025264
[12]
Ding Y, Liu L, Peucheret C, et al. Fabrication tolerant polarization splitter and rotator based on a tapered directional coupler. Opt Express, 2012, 20(18): 20021 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.020021
[13]
Xiong Y, Xu D X, Schmid J H, et al. Fabrication tolerant and broadband polarization splitter and rotator based on a taper-etched directional coupler. Opt Express, 2014, 22(14): 17458 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.017458
[14]
Guan H, Novack A, Streshinsky M, et al. CMOS-compatible highly efficient polarization splitter and rotator based on a double-etched directional coupler. Opt Express, 2014, 22(3): 2489 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.002489
[15]
Dai D, Wu H. Realization of a compact polarization splitter-rotator on silicon. Opt Lett, 2016, 41(10): 2346 doi: 10.1364/OL.41.002346
[16]
Zhang Y, He Y, Jiang X, et al. Ultra-compact and highly efficient silicon polarization splitter and rotator. APL Photonics, 2016, 1(9): 091304 doi: 10.1063/1.4965832
[17]
Wang Y, Ma M, Yun H, et al. Ultra-compact sub-wavelength grating polarization splitter-rotator for silicon-on-insulator platform. IEEE Photonics J, 2016, 8(6): 1
[18]
Xu Y, Xiao J. Design of a compact and integrated TM-rotated/TE-through polarization beam splitter for silicon-based slot waveguides. Appl Opt, 2016, 55(3): 611 doi: 10.1364/AO.55.000611
[19]
Xu H, Shi Y. Ultra-broadband silicon polarization splitter-rotator based on the multi-mode waveguide. Opt Express, 2017, 25(15): 18485 doi: 10.1364/OE.25.018485
[20]
Chen W, Wang P, Yang J. Mode multi/demultiplexer based on cascaded asymmetric Y-junctions. Opt Express, 2013, 21(21): 25113 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.025113
[21]
Driscoll J B, Grote R R, Souhan B, et al. Asymmetric Y junctions in silicon waveguides for on-chip mode-division multiplexing. Opt Lett, 2013, 38(11): 1854 doi: 10.1364/OL.38.001854
[22]
Wang J, Qi M, Xuan Y, et al. Proposal for fabrication-tolerant SOI polarization splitter-rotator based on cascaded MMI couplers and an assisted bi-level taper. Opt Express, 2014, 22(23): 27869 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.027869
[23]
Dai D, Tang Y, Bowers J E. Mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides. Opt Express, 2012, 20(12): 13425 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.013425
[24]
Uematsu T, Ishizaka Y, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Design of a compact two-mode multi/demultiplexer consisting of multimode interference waveguides and a wavelength-insensitive phase shifter for mode-division multiplexing transmission. J Lightwave Technol, 2012, 30(15): 2421 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2012.2199961
[25]
Ding Y, Xu J, Da Ros F, et al. On-chip two-mode division multiplexing using tapered directional coupler-based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer. Opt Express, 2013, 21(8): 10376 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.010376
[26]
Chen S, Wu H, Dai D. High extinction-ratio compact polarisation beam splitter on silicon. Electron Lett, 2016, 52(12): 1043 doi: 10.1049/el.2016.0683
Fig. 1.  (Color online) Schematic conifiguration of the prosposed PRS.

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Fig. 2.  (Color online) The calculated effective indices for the eigen modes of composite waveguide.

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Fig. 3.  (Color online) Schematic configuration of the prosposed bi-level taper.

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Fig. 4.  (Color online) Light propagation for (a) TE0 mode and (b)TE1 mode at 1550 nm.

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Fig. 5.  (Color online) (a) The mode conversion efficiency for input TE0 and TE1 modes as a function of the wavelength. (b) The dependence of conversion efficiency on the variation of the slab height.

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Fig. 6.  (Color online) Simulated effective index of the optical modes in waveguides of different widths at 1550 nm.

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Fig. 7.  (Color online) Schematic configuration of the ADC.

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Fig. 8.  (Color online) Simulated transmission at the through and cross ports as a function of the wavelength.

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Fig. 9.  (Color online) Light propagation for the ADC when W1 = 0.906 μm at 1550 nm.

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Fig. 10.  (Color online) Light propagation for the proposed PRS when input (a) TM0 mode and (b) TE0 mode.

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Fig. 11.  (Color online) Simulated transmission at the through and cross ports as a function of the wavelength for the (a)input TE0 mod and (b) input TM0 mode.

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Fig. 12.  (Color online) Microscope and SEM image of the fabricated device.

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Fig. 13.  (Color online) Measured transmission at the through and cross port at different wavelengths for the (a) input TE0 mode and (b) input TM0 mode.

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Table 1.   Comparison of various silicon PRSs.

Structure Cladding Device size (μm) Loss (dB) Extinction ratio (dB) Bandwidth (nm) Tolerance (nm)
Tapered DC [12] Air 140 < 1 −20 \ 14
Taper-etched DC*[13] SiO2 > 80 < 0.5 < −30 160 50
Double-etched DC[14] SiO2 27 < 0.5 < −20 30 < 10
ADC with a MMI filter[15] Air 70 < 1.5 < −20 50 \
Bent DC[16] Air > 8.77 < 1 < −18 40 20
ADC with sub-wavelength gratings[17] SiO2 35 < 1 −10 50 6
Tapered DC with slot*[18] SiO2 19.6 < 0.6 −20 50 20
ADC with a MMI rotator and a bent DC filter[19] SiO2 47.5 < 0.57 < −20 85 \
*Simulation results.
DownLoad: CSV
[1]
Vivien L, Laval S, Dumont B, et al. Polarization-independent single-mode rib waveguides on silicon-on-insulator for telecommunication wavelengths. Opt Commun, 2002, 210(1/2): 43 doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01681-4
[2]
Milošević M M, Matavulj P S, Timotijević B D, et al. Design rules for single-mode and polarization-independent silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides using stress engineering. J Lightwave Technol, 2008, 26(13): 1840 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2008.922193
[3]
Lu Z, Wang Y, Zhang F, et al. Wideband silicon photonic polarization beamsplitter based on point-symmetric cascaded broadband couplers. Opt Express, 2015, 23(23): 29413 doi: 10.1364/OE.23.029413
[4]
Chen D, Xiao X, Wang L, et al. Broadband, fabrication-tolerant polarization beam splitters based on a tapered directional coupler. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2016, 28(19): 2074 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2016.2583782
[5]
Dai D, Wang Z, Bowers J E. Ultrashort broadband polarization beam splitter based on an asymmetrical directional coupler. Opt Lett, 2011, 36(13): 2590 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.002590
[6]
Hong J M, Ryu H H, Park S R, et al. Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2003, 15(1): 72 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2002.805803
[7]
Huang Y, Tu Z, Yi H, et al. High extinction ratio polarization beam splitter with multimode interference coupler on SOI. Opt Commun, 2013, 307: 46 doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2013.05.055
[8]
Liang T K, Tsang H K. Integrated polarization beam splitter in high index contrast silicon-on-insulator waveguides. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2005, 17(2): 393 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2004.839462
[9]
Dai D, Wang Z, Peters J, et al. Compact polarization beam splitter using an asymmetrical Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on silicon-on-insulator waveguides. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2012, 24(8): 673 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2012.2184530
[10]
Yun H, Chen Z, Wang Y, et al. Polarization-rotating, Bragg-grating filters on silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides using asymmetric periodic corner corrugations. Opt Lett, 2015, 40(23): 5578 doi: 10.1364/OL.40.005578
[11]
Zhang J, Liow T Y, Yu M, et al. Silicon waveguide based TE mode converter. Opt Express, 2010, 18(24): 25264 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.025264
[12]
Ding Y, Liu L, Peucheret C, et al. Fabrication tolerant polarization splitter and rotator based on a tapered directional coupler. Opt Express, 2012, 20(18): 20021 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.020021
[13]
Xiong Y, Xu D X, Schmid J H, et al. Fabrication tolerant and broadband polarization splitter and rotator based on a taper-etched directional coupler. Opt Express, 2014, 22(14): 17458 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.017458
[14]
Guan H, Novack A, Streshinsky M, et al. CMOS-compatible highly efficient polarization splitter and rotator based on a double-etched directional coupler. Opt Express, 2014, 22(3): 2489 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.002489
[15]
Dai D, Wu H. Realization of a compact polarization splitter-rotator on silicon. Opt Lett, 2016, 41(10): 2346 doi: 10.1364/OL.41.002346
[16]
Zhang Y, He Y, Jiang X, et al. Ultra-compact and highly efficient silicon polarization splitter and rotator. APL Photonics, 2016, 1(9): 091304 doi: 10.1063/1.4965832
[17]
Wang Y, Ma M, Yun H, et al. Ultra-compact sub-wavelength grating polarization splitter-rotator for silicon-on-insulator platform. IEEE Photonics J, 2016, 8(6): 1
[18]
Xu Y, Xiao J. Design of a compact and integrated TM-rotated/TE-through polarization beam splitter for silicon-based slot waveguides. Appl Opt, 2016, 55(3): 611 doi: 10.1364/AO.55.000611
[19]
Xu H, Shi Y. Ultra-broadband silicon polarization splitter-rotator based on the multi-mode waveguide. Opt Express, 2017, 25(15): 18485 doi: 10.1364/OE.25.018485
[20]
Chen W, Wang P, Yang J. Mode multi/demultiplexer based on cascaded asymmetric Y-junctions. Opt Express, 2013, 21(21): 25113 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.025113
[21]
Driscoll J B, Grote R R, Souhan B, et al. Asymmetric Y junctions in silicon waveguides for on-chip mode-division multiplexing. Opt Lett, 2013, 38(11): 1854 doi: 10.1364/OL.38.001854
[22]
Wang J, Qi M, Xuan Y, et al. Proposal for fabrication-tolerant SOI polarization splitter-rotator based on cascaded MMI couplers and an assisted bi-level taper. Opt Express, 2014, 22(23): 27869 doi: 10.1364/OE.22.027869
[23]
Dai D, Tang Y, Bowers J E. Mode conversion in tapered submicron silicon ridge optical waveguides. Opt Express, 2012, 20(12): 13425 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.013425
[24]
Uematsu T, Ishizaka Y, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Design of a compact two-mode multi/demultiplexer consisting of multimode interference waveguides and a wavelength-insensitive phase shifter for mode-division multiplexing transmission. J Lightwave Technol, 2012, 30(15): 2421 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2012.2199961
[25]
Ding Y, Xu J, Da Ros F, et al. On-chip two-mode division multiplexing using tapered directional coupler-based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer. Opt Express, 2013, 21(8): 10376 doi: 10.1364/OE.21.010376
[26]
Chen S, Wu H, Dai D. High extinction-ratio compact polarisation beam splitter on silicon. Electron Lett, 2016, 52(12): 1043 doi: 10.1049/el.2016.0683

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    Received: 18 April 2018 Revised: 11 May 2018 Online: Uncorrected proof: 04 July 2018Accepted Manuscript: 05 July 2018Corrected proof: 01 November 2018Published: 13 December 2018

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2018  >  39(12): 124008
      Chen Yuan, Jincheng Dai, Hao Jia, Jianfeng Ding, Lei Zhang, Xin Fu, Lin Yang. Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2018, 39(12): 124008. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008 ****C Yuan, J C Dai, H Jia, J F Ding, L Zhang, X Fu, L Yang, Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler[J]. J. Semicond., 2018, 39(12): 124008. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008.
      Citation:
      Chen Yuan, Jincheng Dai, Hao Jia, Jianfeng Ding, Lei Zhang, Xin Fu, Lin Yang. Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2018, 39(12): 124008. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008 ****
      C Yuan, J C Dai, H Jia, J F Ding, L Zhang, X Fu, L Yang, Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler[J]. J. Semicond., 2018, 39(12): 124008. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008.
      shu

      Design of a C-band polarization rotator-splitter based on a mode-evolution structure and an asymmetric directional coupler

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/124008
      • 1.

        State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

      • 2.

        College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

      Funds:

      Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFA0206402, 2016YFB0402501) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61575187, 61505198, 61535002, 61704168, 61235001).

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Email: oip@semi.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2018-04-18
      • Revised Date: 2018-05-11
      • Published Date: 2018-12-01

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