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Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits

A. Tonk and N. Afzal

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 Corresponding author: A. Tonk, e-mail: tonkanu.saroha@gmail.com

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401

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Abstract: In this paper, we present a new voltage-mode biquad filter that uses a six-terminal CMOS fully differential current conveyor (FDCCII). The FDCCII with only 23 transistors in its structure and operating at ± 1.5 V, is based on a class AB fully differential buffer. The proposed filter has the facility to tune gain, ωo and Q. A circuit division circuit (CDC) is employed to digitally control the FDCCII block. This digitally controlled FDCCII is used to realize a new reconfigurable fully-differential integrator and differentiator. We performed SPICE simulations to determine the performance of all circuits using CMOS 0.25 μm technology.

Key words: current conveyors, fully differential, digitally controlled, integrator, differentiator



[1]
Mohan J, Chaturvedi B, Maheshwari S. Low voltage mixed mode multi phase oscillator using single FDCCII. Electronics, 2016, 20(1), 36 doi: 10.7251/ELS1620090S
[2]
Kaçar F, Yeşil A. FDCCII-based FDNR simulator topologies. Int J Electron, 2012, 99(2), 285 doi: 10.1080/00207217.2011.610148
[3]
Maheshwari S, Beg P, Khan I A, et al. Digitally programmable fully differential filter. Radioengineering, 2011, 20(4), 917
[4]
Gür F, Anday F. Simulation of a novel current mode universal filter using FDCCIIs. Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process, 2009, 60(3), 231 doi: 10.1007/s10470-009-9293-y
[5]
El-Adawy A A, Soliman A M, Elwan H O. A novel fully differential current conveyor and applications for analog VLSI. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2000, 47(4), 306 doi: 10.1109/82.839666
[6]
Chang C M, Al-Hashimi B M, Wang C L, et al. Single fully differential current conveyor biquad filters. IEEE Proceedings-Circuits Devices and Systems, 2003, 150(5), 394 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:20030468
[7]
Kumngern M, Khateb F. 0.5-V bulk-driven fully differential current conveyor. IEEE Symposium Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 2014, 184
[8]
Tonk A, Afzal N. Bulk driven second generation current conveyor based all-pass section for low voltage operation. IEEE Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies, GUCON, Greater Noida (To appear).
[9]
Alzaher H A, Elwan H, Ismail M. A CMOS fully balanced second-generation current conveyor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2003, 50(6), 278 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.812911
[10]
Mahmoud S A, Hashiesh M A, Soliman A M. Low-voltage digitally controlled fully differential current conveyor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2005, 52(10), 2055 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852922
[11]
Khan I A, Masud M I, Moiz S A. Reconfigurable fully differential first order all pass filter using digitally controlled CMOS DVCC. GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE), 2015, 1
[12]
Horng J W, Wu, Herencsar. Fully differential first-order all pass filters using a DDCC. Ind J Eng Mater Sci, 2014, 21(4), 345
[13]
Al-Shahrani S M. Fully differential second-order filter. 47th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2004, 3, iii-299
[14]
Mahmoud S A. Fully differential CMOS CCII based on differential difference transconductor. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 50(3), 195 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9026-z
[15]
Chipipop B, Surakampontorn W. Realisation of current-mode FTFN-based inverse filter. Electron Lett, 1999, 35(9), 690 doi: 10.1049/el:19990495
[16]
Wu C H, Hsieh H H, Ku P C, et al. A differential Sallen-key low-pass filter in amorphous-silicon technology. J Display Technol, 2010, 6(6), 207 doi: 10.1109/JDT.2010.2044631
[17]
Stornelli V, Ferri G. A 0.18 μm CMOS DDCCII for portable LV-LP filters. Radio engineering, 2013, 22(2), 434
[18]
Minaei S, Ibrahim M A. General configuration for realizing current-mode first-order all-pass filter using DVCC. Int J Electron, 2005, 92(6), 347 doi: 10.1080/00207210412331334798
[19]
Kacar F, Kuntman H, Özcan S. New high performance CMOS fully differential current conveyor. Electrosocope, 2008 doi: 10.1109/SIU.2008.4632554
[20]
Mahmoud S A. Low voltage fully differential CMOS current feedback operational amplifier. The 47th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2004, 1, I-49 doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2004.1353894
Fig. 1.  (a) Matrix representation of FDCCII. (b) Symbol for FDCCII.

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Fig. 2.  CMOS FDCCII implementation.

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Fig. 3.  (Color online) (a) DC voltage characteristics of differential X terminal. (b) DC current response of differential Z terminal.

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Fig. 4.  Second order Filter realized using CMOS FDCCII (LP/BP response).

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Fig. 5.  LPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz) through R1.

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Fig. 6.  BPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz & Q = 4.08) through R1.

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Fig. 7.  At constant central frequency of 13 kHz, Q values varying with R2 are 3.3, 4.9 & 6.5 respectively.

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Fig. 8.  (a) Current division circuit (CDC). (b) Matrix representation of DCFDCCII. (c) Symbol of DCFDCCII.

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Fig. 9.  (Color online) DC response of Z terminals current of DCFDCCII.

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Fig. 10.  DCFDCCII based programmable integrator and differentiator.

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Fig. 11.  Observed output for codeword (a) 111111, (b) 010101.

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Fig. 12.  (Color online) Differentiator input & observed output for code words.

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Fig. 13.  (Color online) Input (inoise) and output (onoise) referred noise spectral density for (a) integrator, (b) differentiator.

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Table 1.   Main features of FDCCII.

VDD, VSS, VSB, Vb 1.5, −1.5, −1.25, −0.787 V
No. of transistors23
DC voltage range−1 to 1 V
DC current range−100 to 100 mA
−3 dB bandwidth: VZd/VYd82 MHz
FOM1 =(Vinmax/VDD) × 10066
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Table 2.   Aspect ratios of MOS transistors.

Transistor for FDCCIIW/L (μm/μm)
M1, M8, M9, M18, M192/1
M3, M5, M7, M20, M22200/2
M2, M4, M6, M21, M23150/2
M15, M16100/2
M10, M13, M14, M1780/1
M11, M1280/2
Transistor for CDNW/L (μm/μm)
All transistors1/0.35
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Table 3.   Summarized performance of proposed filter.

CharacteristicsProposed realization
Supply used ± 1.5 V
Technology0.25 μm
Fully differentialYes
Active elementFDCCII
No. of active elements3
Enjoys independent tuningYes
Tuning (analog/digital)Analog
Component valuesR1 = 1.3 kΩ; R2 = 2.5 kΩ (for LPF) and 10 kΩ (for BPF); R3 = 3 kΩ; R4 = 2 kΩ; C1 = 5 nF; C2 = 5 nF
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Table 4.   Comparative study of previously reported differential second order filters.

ReferenceAdway 2000[5]Alzaher 2003[9]Chang 2003[6]Shahrani 2004[13]Mahmoud 2004[20]Mahmoud 2005[10]Mahmoud 2007[14]Karac 2008[19]This work
Technology node (μm)1.2 1.2 1.2 –0.35 0.5 0.35 0.35 0.25
Active element usedFDCCIIFBCCIIFDCCIICCII/AD844FDCFOAFDCCIIFDCCIIFDCCIIFDCCII
Number of active elements used311616123
Supply rails used (V) ± 1.5 ± 2.7 ± 5 – ± 1.5 ± 1.5 ± 1.5 ± 1.25 ± 1.5
Functions realizedLP BPBPLP BP AP BRLP BPLPLP BP APBPLP BP APLP BP
Tuning featureNYNYNYYNY
Fully differentialYYYYYYYYY
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Table 5.   Summarized performance of proposed DCFDCCII applications.

Proposed realization IntegratorDifferentiator
Supply used ± 1.5 V ± 1.5 V
Technology0.25 μm0.25 μm
Fully differentialYesYes
Active elementDCFDCCIIDCFDCCII
No. of active elements11
TuningDigitalDigital
Component valuesR = 2.5 kΩ, C = 400 pFC = 13 nF, R = 500 kΩ
DownLoad: CSV
[1]
Mohan J, Chaturvedi B, Maheshwari S. Low voltage mixed mode multi phase oscillator using single FDCCII. Electronics, 2016, 20(1), 36 doi: 10.7251/ELS1620090S
[2]
Kaçar F, Yeşil A. FDCCII-based FDNR simulator topologies. Int J Electron, 2012, 99(2), 285 doi: 10.1080/00207217.2011.610148
[3]
Maheshwari S, Beg P, Khan I A, et al. Digitally programmable fully differential filter. Radioengineering, 2011, 20(4), 917
[4]
Gür F, Anday F. Simulation of a novel current mode universal filter using FDCCIIs. Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process, 2009, 60(3), 231 doi: 10.1007/s10470-009-9293-y
[5]
El-Adawy A A, Soliman A M, Elwan H O. A novel fully differential current conveyor and applications for analog VLSI. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2000, 47(4), 306 doi: 10.1109/82.839666
[6]
Chang C M, Al-Hashimi B M, Wang C L, et al. Single fully differential current conveyor biquad filters. IEEE Proceedings-Circuits Devices and Systems, 2003, 150(5), 394 doi: 10.1049/ip-cds:20030468
[7]
Kumngern M, Khateb F. 0.5-V bulk-driven fully differential current conveyor. IEEE Symposium Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 2014, 184
[8]
Tonk A, Afzal N. Bulk driven second generation current conveyor based all-pass section for low voltage operation. IEEE Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies, GUCON, Greater Noida (To appear).
[9]
Alzaher H A, Elwan H, Ismail M. A CMOS fully balanced second-generation current conveyor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2003, 50(6), 278 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.812911
[10]
Mahmoud S A, Hashiesh M A, Soliman A M. Low-voltage digitally controlled fully differential current conveyor. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2005, 52(10), 2055 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852922
[11]
Khan I A, Masud M I, Moiz S A. Reconfigurable fully differential first order all pass filter using digitally controlled CMOS DVCC. GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE), 2015, 1
[12]
Horng J W, Wu, Herencsar. Fully differential first-order all pass filters using a DDCC. Ind J Eng Mater Sci, 2014, 21(4), 345
[13]
Al-Shahrani S M. Fully differential second-order filter. 47th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2004, 3, iii-299
[14]
Mahmoud S A. Fully differential CMOS CCII based on differential difference transconductor. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2007, 50(3), 195 doi: 10.1007/s10470-007-9026-z
[15]
Chipipop B, Surakampontorn W. Realisation of current-mode FTFN-based inverse filter. Electron Lett, 1999, 35(9), 690 doi: 10.1049/el:19990495
[16]
Wu C H, Hsieh H H, Ku P C, et al. A differential Sallen-key low-pass filter in amorphous-silicon technology. J Display Technol, 2010, 6(6), 207 doi: 10.1109/JDT.2010.2044631
[17]
Stornelli V, Ferri G. A 0.18 μm CMOS DDCCII for portable LV-LP filters. Radio engineering, 2013, 22(2), 434
[18]
Minaei S, Ibrahim M A. General configuration for realizing current-mode first-order all-pass filter using DVCC. Int J Electron, 2005, 92(6), 347 doi: 10.1080/00207210412331334798
[19]
Kacar F, Kuntman H, Özcan S. New high performance CMOS fully differential current conveyor. Electrosocope, 2008 doi: 10.1109/SIU.2008.4632554
[20]
Mahmoud S A. Low voltage fully differential CMOS current feedback operational amplifier. The 47th IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2004, 1, I-49 doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2004.1353894

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    Received: 16 September 2018 Revised: 19 February 2019 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 22 February 2019Uncorrected proof: 27 February 2019Published: 08 April 2019

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2019  >  40(4): 042401
      A. Tonk, N. Afzal. Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(4): 042401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401 ****A. Tonk, N. Afzal, Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(4): 042401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401.
      Citation:
      A. Tonk, N. Afzal. Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(4): 042401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401 ****
      A. Tonk, N. Afzal, Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(4): 042401. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401.
      shu

      Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401

      • Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, F/o Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India

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      • Corresponding author: e-mail: tonkanu.saroha@gmail.com
      • Received Date: 2018-09-16
      • Revised Date: 2019-02-19
      • Published Date: 2019-04-01

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