Large-area organic solar cells

Min Li; Jilin Wang; Liming Ding; Xiaoyan Du

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

J. Semicond. > 2022, Volume 43 > Issue 6 > 060201

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Large-area organic solar cells

Min Li¹, Jilin Wang^3,, Liming Ding^2, and Xiaoyan Du^1,

+ Author Affiliations

1. School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
2. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials (MoE), Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

Author Bio:

Min Li received her BE from Xiangtan University in 2021. She is currently pursuing master degree in Shandong University under the supervision of Prof. Xiaoyan Du. Her research focuses on organic solar cells.

Jilin Wang received his PhD in 2014 form Wuhan University of Technology under the supervision of Professor Weimin Wang. He joined Guilin University of Technology in 2015. Currently, he is an associate professor in Fei Long Group. His research focuses on optoelectronic materials and devices.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Ingans Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors.

Xiaoyan Du started her research on OSCs in Liming Ding Group as a MS student in 2010–2013. She received her PhD under the supervision of Prof. Rainer H. Fink and Prof. Christoph J. Brabec in 2017 from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) in Germany. In 2017–2021, she was a postdoc in FAU and did photo-degradation and voltage loss studies. In 2020–2021, she was a research scientist in Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg doing research on high-throughput methods. Now she is a professor in Shandong University. Her research focuses on solution-processed photovoltaic materials and devices.

Corresponding author: Jilin Wang, jilinwang@glut.edu.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn; Xiaoyan Du, duxy@sdu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

References

[1]	Tong Y, Xiao Z, Du X, et al. Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, 758 doi: 10.1007/s11426-020-9726-0
[2]	Duan C, Ding L. The new era for organic solar cells: Non-fullerene small molecular acceptors. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1231 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.030
[3]	Cao J, Yi L, Ding L. The origin and evolution of Y6 structure. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 030202 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030202
[4]	Liu Q, Jiang Y, Jin K, et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 272 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001
[5]	Qin J, Zhang L, Zuo C, et al. A chlorinated copolymer donor demonstrates a 18.13% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010501
[6]	Jin K, Ou Z, Lixiu Z, et al. A chlorinated lactone polymer donor featuring high performance and low cost. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 050501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/5/050501
[7]	Guan W, Yuan D, Wu J, et al. Blade-coated organic solar cells from non-halogenated solvent offer 17% efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 030502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030502
[8]	Cui Y, Xu Y, Yao H, et al. Single-junction organic photovoltaic cell with 19% efficiency. Adv Mater, 2021, 33, 2102420 doi: 10.1002/adma.202102420
[9]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. 18.69% power conversion efficiency from organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 060502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060502
[10]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. D18, an eximious solar polymer!. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010502
[11]	Meng X, Jin K, Xiao Z, et al. Side chain engineering on D18 polymers yields 18.74% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 100501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/100501
[12]	Brabec C J, Distler A, Du X, et al. Material strategies to accelerate OPV technology toward a GW technology. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10, 2001864 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202001864
[13]	NREL, Best research-cell efficiency chart, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed: December 2021)
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[15]	Dong X, Jiang Y, Sun L, et al. Large-area organic solar modules with efficiency over 14%. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 2110209 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110209
[16]	Chen H, Zhang R, Chen X, et al. A guest-assisted molecular-organization approach for >17% efficiency organic solar cells using environmentally friendly solvents. Nat Energy, 2021, 6, 1045 doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00923-5
[17]	Park S, Kim T, Yoon S, et al. Progress in materials, solution processes, and long-term stability for large-area organic photovoltaics. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2002217 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002217
[18]	Wang G, Adil M A, Zhang J, et al. Large-area organic solar cells: Material requirements, modular designs, and printing methods. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1805089 doi: 10.1002/adma.201805089
[19]	Wang G, Zhang J, Yang C, et al. Synergistic optimization enables large-area flexible organic solar cells to maintain over 98% PCE of the small-area rigid devices. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2005153 doi: 10.1002/adma.202005153
[20]	Zhang Y, Liu K, Huang J, et al. Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 4815 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25148-8
[21]	Distler A, Brabec C J, Egelhaaf H J. Organic photovoltaic modules with new world record efficiencies. Prog Photovolt Res Appl, 2020, 29, 24 doi: 10.1002/pip.3336
[22]	Pan W, Han Y, Wang Z, et al. Over 1 cm² flexible organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050301 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050301
[23]	Qin F, Sun L, Chen H, et al. 54 cm² large-area flexible organic solar modules with efficiency above 13%. Adv Mater, 2021, 33, 2103017 doi: 10.1002/adma.202103017
[24]	Han Y W, Jeon S J, Lee H S, et al. Evaporation-free nonfullerene flexible organic solar cell modules manufactured by an all-solution process. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1902065 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902065
[25]	Tam K C, Saito H, Maisch P, et al. Highly reflective and low resistive top electrode for organic solar cells and modules by low temperature silver nanoparticle ink. Sol RRL, 2021, 6, 2100887 doi: 10.1002/solr.202100887
[26]	Cui Y, Yao H, Hong L, et al. Organic photovoltaic cell with 17% efficiency and superior processability. Natl Sci Rev, 2020, 7, 1239 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz200
[27]	An K, Peng F, Zhong W, et al. Improving photovoltaic parameters of all-polymer solar cells through integrating two polymeric donors. Sci China Chem, 2021, 64, 2010 doi: 10.1007/s11426-021-1078-5
[28]	Liu X, Zheng Z, Wang J, et al. Fluidic manipulating of printable zinc oxide for flexible organic solar cells. Adv Mater, 2021, 34, 2106453 doi: 10.1002/adma.202106453
[29]	Cui Y, Yao H, Zhang J, et al. Single-junction organic photovoltaic cells with approaching 18% efficiency. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1908205 doi: 10.1002/adma.201908205
[30]	Würfel U, Herterich J, List M, et al. A 1 cm² organic solar cell with 15.2% certified efficiency: Detailed characterization and identification of optimization potential. Sol RRL, 2021, 5, 2000802 doi: 10.1002/solr.202000802
[31]	Han Y, Chen X, Wei J, et al. Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm² flexible organic solar cells with Ag/Cu grid transparent conducting electrode. Adv Sci, 2019, 6, 1901490 doi: 10.1002/advs.201901490
[32]	Sun R, Wu Q, Guo J, et al. A layer-by-layer architecture for printable organic solar cells overcoming the scaling lag of module efficiency. Joule, 2020, 4, 407 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.12.004
[33]	Meng X, Zhang L, Xie Y, et al. A general approach for lab-to-manufacturing translation on flexible organic solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1903649 doi: 10.1002/adma.201903649
[34]	Zhang K, Chen Z, Armin A, et al. Efficient large area organic solar cells processed by blade-coating with single-component green solvent. Sol RRL, 2018, 2, 1700169 doi: 10.1002/solr.201700169
[35]	Mao L, Luo B, Sun L, et al. Writable and patternable organic solar cells and modules inspired by an old chinese calligraphy tradition. Mater Horizons, 2018, 5, 123 doi: 10.1039/C7MH00559H
[36]	Jeong J H, Jahandar M, Prasetio A, et al. Multi-dimensional interfacial engineering for a practical large-area transparent flexible organic photovoltaics. Chem Eng J, 2021, 419, 129672 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129672
[37]	Jia Z, Chen Z, Chen X, et al. 19.34 cm² large-area quaternary organic photovoltaic module with 12.36% certified efficiency. Photonics Res, 2021, 9, 324 doi: 10.1364/PRJ.416229
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Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) The PCEs for lab cells with small areas and for devices and modules with active area over 1 cm² (2018–2021); the records in NREL’s Champion Module Efficiencies Chart are included for comparison. (b) The chemical structures for the active materials. (c) Schematic for the device structure and J–V curves for 18 cm² module with a PCE of 14.45% (certified 13.98%). Reproduced with permission^[14], Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (d) 25.21 cm² module; J–V curve changes with number of subcells. Reproduced with permission^[15], Copyright 2021, Wiley. (e) Schematic for the blade-coating process and J–V curves for modules with different active layers. Reproduced with permission^[16], Copyright 2021, Springer Nature.

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Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Schematic for spin coating and slot-die coating (top) and J–V curves for single cells and modules with different active area (bottom). Reproduced with permission^[19], Copyright 2020, Wiley. (b) Photos and J–V curves for 26 cm² module (PCE 12.6%) and 204 cm² module (PCE 11.7%) (top) certified by Fraunhofer ISE. Reproduced with permission^[12], Copyright 2020, Wiley. PCE changes with active cell width. Reproduced with permission^[21], Copyright 2020, Wiley. (c) Schematic for the device structure; J–V curves change with the number of subcells (module area is up to 54 cm²). Reproduced with permission^[23], Copyright 2021, Wiley.

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Table 1. The representative single cells and modules with active area over 1 cm² (2018–2021). The records in NREL’s Champion Module Efficiencies Chart are also included.

Area (cm²)	Year	PCE (%)	Active layer	Solvent	Coating	Ref.
1	2020	16	PBDB-TF:BTP-4Cl-16	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[26]
1	2020	15.5	PBDB-TF:BTP-4Cl-16	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[26]
1	2021	15	PTzBI-oF:PM6:PFA1	chloroform	Spin-coating	[27]
1	2021	16.71	PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9	chloroform	Spin-coating	[28]
1	2021	16.2	PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9	chloroform	Blade-coating	[29]
1.015	2021	15.24	D18:Y6	chloroform	Spin-coating	[30]
4	2021	7	PV2000:PC₆₁BM	o-xylene	Slot-die coating	[25]
9	2019	7.35	PBDB-T:ITIC	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[31]
11.52	2020	11.86	PM6:Y6	chloroform	Blade-coating	[32]
15	2019	8.90	PBDB-T:ITIC	chlorobenzene	Slot-die printing	[33]
16	2018	7.50	PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM	2-methylanisole	Blade-coating	[34]
18	2020	14.45	PM6:DTY6	o-xylene	Blade-coating	[14]
18	2018	6.30	PBDB-T:ITIC	chlorobenzene	Maobi-coating	[35]
18.63	2021	8.22	PTB7:PC₇₁BM	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[36]
19.34	2021	12.36	PM6:Y6:ITIC:PC₇₁BM	chloroform	Spin-coating	[37]
20.4	2020	10.10	TPD-3F:IT-4F	o-xylene	Blade-coating	[38]
23.7	2019	7.56	PV2000:PC₆₁BM	o-xylene	Slot-die coating	[39]
25	2020	10.09	PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC:PC₇₁BM	o-xylene	Slot-die coating	[19]
25	2021	14.07	PM6:BTP-eC9	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[15]
26	2020	12.60	PM6:Y6:PC₆₁BM	chloroform	Blade-coating	[21]
30	2019	8.60	PTB7-Th:PC₇₁BM:COi8DFIC	chlorobenzene	Slot-die coating	[40]
30	2021	8.10	PM6:BTP-4Cl-12	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[41]
36	2021	14.26	PM6:Y6:20% BTO:PC₇₁BM	paraxylene	Blade-coating	[16]
40	2021	6.43	PTB7:PC₇₁BM	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[36]
52	2018	2.20	PBDB-T:ITIC	chlorobenzene	Spin-coating	[42]
54	2021	13.20	PBDB-T-2F:Y6:PC₇₁BM	chloroform	Spin-coating	[23]
54.45	2019	6.61	PNTz4T-5MTC:PC₇₁BM	o-xylene	Bar-coating	[43]
57	2018	3.40	P3HT:ICBA	1,2-dichlorobenzene	R2R printing	[44]
58.5	2020	9.03	PBDB-T:ITIC	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[45]
58.5	2020	7.74	BDT-Th10:PC₇₁BM	chlorobenzene+ o-dichlorobenzene	Bar-coating	[46]
60	2018	4.70	P3HT:IDTBR	o-methylanisole	Blade-coating	[47]
66	2019	6.10	PF2:PC₇₁BM	o-xylene	Blade-coating	[48]
80	2019	5.25	SMD2:ITIC-Th	chlorobenzene	Slot-die coating	[24]
85	2020	8.18	PTB7-Th:EH-IDTBR	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[49]
204	2020	11.70	PM6:Y6:PC₆₁BM	chloroform	Blade-coating	[21]
216	2018	5.63	PBDTTT-EFT:PC₇₁BM	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[50]
216	2019	7.70	PBDB-T:ITIC:PC₇₁BM	chlorobenzene	Blade-coating	[51]
208.4	2009	3.50	–	–	–	[13]
223.5	2009	2.10	–	–	–	[13]
232.8	2008	1.10	–	–	–	[13]
294.5	2011	4.20	–	–	–	[13]
294.5	2012	5.20	–	–	–	[13]
395.9	2012	6.80	–	–	–	[13]
802	2014	8.70	–	–	–	[13]

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[1]	Tong Y, Xiao Z, Du X, et al. Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, 758 doi: 10.1007/s11426-020-9726-0
[2]	Duan C, Ding L. The new era for organic solar cells: Non-fullerene small molecular acceptors. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1231 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.030
[3]	Cao J, Yi L, Ding L. The origin and evolution of Y6 structure. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 030202 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030202
[4]	Liu Q, Jiang Y, Jin K, et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 272 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001
[5]	Qin J, Zhang L, Zuo C, et al. A chlorinated copolymer donor demonstrates a 18.13% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010501
[6]	Jin K, Ou Z, Lixiu Z, et al. A chlorinated lactone polymer donor featuring high performance and low cost. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 050501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/5/050501
[7]	Guan W, Yuan D, Wu J, et al. Blade-coated organic solar cells from non-halogenated solvent offer 17% efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 030502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030502
[8]	Cui Y, Xu Y, Yao H, et al. Single-junction organic photovoltaic cell with 19% efficiency. Adv Mater, 2021, 33, 2102420 doi: 10.1002/adma.202102420
[9]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. 18.69% power conversion efficiency from organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 060502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060502
[10]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. D18, an eximious solar polymer!. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010502
[11]	Meng X, Jin K, Xiao Z, et al. Side chain engineering on D18 polymers yields 18.74% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 100501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/10/100501
[12]	Brabec C J, Distler A, Du X, et al. Material strategies to accelerate OPV technology toward a GW technology. Adv Energy Mater, 2020, 10, 2001864 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202001864
[13]	NREL, Best research-cell efficiency chart, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed: December 2021)
[14]	Dong S, Jia T, Zhang K, et al. Single-component non-halogen solvent-processed high-performance organic solar cell module with efficiency over 14%. Joule, 2020, 4, 2004 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.028
[15]	Dong X, Jiang Y, Sun L, et al. Large-area organic solar modules with efficiency over 14%. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 2110209 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110209
[16]	Chen H, Zhang R, Chen X, et al. A guest-assisted molecular-organization approach for >17% efficiency organic solar cells using environmentally friendly solvents. Nat Energy, 2021, 6, 1045 doi: 10.1038/s41560-021-00923-5
[17]	Park S, Kim T, Yoon S, et al. Progress in materials, solution processes, and long-term stability for large-area organic photovoltaics. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2002217 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002217
[18]	Wang G, Adil M A, Zhang J, et al. Large-area organic solar cells: Material requirements, modular designs, and printing methods. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1805089 doi: 10.1002/adma.201805089
[19]	Wang G, Zhang J, Yang C, et al. Synergistic optimization enables large-area flexible organic solar cells to maintain over 98% PCE of the small-area rigid devices. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2005153 doi: 10.1002/adma.202005153
[20]	Zhang Y, Liu K, Huang J, et al. Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 4815 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25148-8
[21]	Distler A, Brabec C J, Egelhaaf H J. Organic photovoltaic modules with new world record efficiencies. Prog Photovolt Res Appl, 2020, 29, 24 doi: 10.1002/pip.3336
[22]	Pan W, Han Y, Wang Z, et al. Over 1 cm² flexible organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050301 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050301
[23]	Qin F, Sun L, Chen H, et al. 54 cm² large-area flexible organic solar modules with efficiency above 13%. Adv Mater, 2021, 33, 2103017 doi: 10.1002/adma.202103017
[24]	Han Y W, Jeon S J, Lee H S, et al. Evaporation-free nonfullerene flexible organic solar cell modules manufactured by an all-solution process. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1902065 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201902065
[25]	Tam K C, Saito H, Maisch P, et al. Highly reflective and low resistive top electrode for organic solar cells and modules by low temperature silver nanoparticle ink. Sol RRL, 2021, 6, 2100887 doi: 10.1002/solr.202100887
[26]	Cui Y, Yao H, Hong L, et al. Organic photovoltaic cell with 17% efficiency and superior processability. Natl Sci Rev, 2020, 7, 1239 doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz200
[27]	An K, Peng F, Zhong W, et al. Improving photovoltaic parameters of all-polymer solar cells through integrating two polymeric donors. Sci China Chem, 2021, 64, 2010 doi: 10.1007/s11426-021-1078-5
[28]	Liu X, Zheng Z, Wang J, et al. Fluidic manipulating of printable zinc oxide for flexible organic solar cells. Adv Mater, 2021, 34, 2106453 doi: 10.1002/adma.202106453
[29]	Cui Y, Yao H, Zhang J, et al. Single-junction organic photovoltaic cells with approaching 18% efficiency. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 1908205 doi: 10.1002/adma.201908205
[30]	Würfel U, Herterich J, List M, et al. A 1 cm² organic solar cell with 15.2% certified efficiency: Detailed characterization and identification of optimization potential. Sol RRL, 2021, 5, 2000802 doi: 10.1002/solr.202000802
[31]	Han Y, Chen X, Wei J, et al. Efficiency above 12% for 1 cm² flexible organic solar cells with Ag/Cu grid transparent conducting electrode. Adv Sci, 2019, 6, 1901490 doi: 10.1002/advs.201901490
[32]	Sun R, Wu Q, Guo J, et al. A layer-by-layer architecture for printable organic solar cells overcoming the scaling lag of module efficiency. Joule, 2020, 4, 407 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.12.004
[33]	Meng X, Zhang L, Xie Y, et al. A general approach for lab-to-manufacturing translation on flexible organic solar cells. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1903649 doi: 10.1002/adma.201903649
[34]	Zhang K, Chen Z, Armin A, et al. Efficient large area organic solar cells processed by blade-coating with single-component green solvent. Sol RRL, 2018, 2, 1700169 doi: 10.1002/solr.201700169
[35]	Mao L, Luo B, Sun L, et al. Writable and patternable organic solar cells and modules inspired by an old chinese calligraphy tradition. Mater Horizons, 2018, 5, 123 doi: 10.1039/C7MH00559H
[36]	Jeong J H, Jahandar M, Prasetio A, et al. Multi-dimensional interfacial engineering for a practical large-area transparent flexible organic photovoltaics. Chem Eng J, 2021, 419, 129672 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129672
[37]	Jia Z, Chen Z, Chen X, et al. 19.34 cm² large-area quaternary organic photovoltaic module with 12.36% certified efficiency. Photonics Res, 2021, 9, 324 doi: 10.1364/PRJ.416229
[38]	Liao C Y, Chen Y, Lee C C, et al. Processing strategies for an organic photovoltaic module with over 10% efficiency. Joule, 2020, 4, 189 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.11.006
[39]	Chang Y M, Liao C Y, Lee C C, et al. All solution and ambient processable organic photovoltaic modules fabricated by slot-die coating and achieved a certified 7.56% power conversion efficiency. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2019, 202, 110064 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110064
[40]	Lee J, Seo Y H, Kwon S N, et al. Slot-die and roll-to-roll processed single junction organic photovoltaic cells with the highest efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1901805 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901805
[41]	Han Y W, Lee H S, Moon D K. Printable and semitransparent nonfullerene organic solar modules over 30 cm² introducing an energy-level controllable hole transport layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13, 19085 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c01021
[42]	Mao L, Sun L, Luo B, et al. Patching defects in the active layer of large-area organic solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6, 5817 doi: 10.1039/C7TA11264E
[43]	Rasool S, Vu D V, Song C E, et al. Room temperature processed highly efficient large-area polymer solar cells achieved with molecular engineering of copolymers. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1900168 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900168
[44]	Apilo P, Välimäki M, Po R, et al. Fully roll-to-roll printed P3HT/indene-C60-bisadduct modules with high open-circuit voltage and efficiency. Sol RRL, 2018, 2, 1700160 doi: 10.1002/solr.201700160
[45]	Park S H, Park S, Lee S, et al. Developement of highly efficient large area organic photovoltaic module: Effects of nonfullerene acceptor. Nano Energy, 2020, 77, 105147 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105147
[46]	Park S H, Park S, Kurniawan D, et al. Highly efficient large-area organic photovoltaic module with a 350 nm thick active layer using a random terpolymer donor. Chem Mater, 2020, 32, 3469 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b05399
[47]	Strohm S, Machui F, Langner S, et al. P3HT: Non-fullerene acceptor based large area, semi-transparent PV modules with power conversion efficiencies of 5%, processed by industrially scalable methods. Energy Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2225 doi: 10.1039/C8EE01150H
[48]	Ibraikulov O A, Wang J, Kamatham N, et al. ITO-free organic photovoltaic modules based on fluorinated polymers deposited from non-halogenated solution: A major step toward large-scale module production. Sol RRL, 2019, 3, 1900273 doi: 10.1002/solr.201900273
[49]	Wang D, Zhou G, Li Y, et al. High-performance organic solar cells from non-halogenated solvents. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 32, 2107827 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202107827
[50]	Huang K M, Wong Y Q, Lin M C, et al. Highly efficient and stable organic solar cell modules processed by blade coating with 5.6% module efficiency and active area of 216 cm². Prog Photovolt, 2019, 27, 264 doi: 10.1002/pip.3078
[51]	Huang K M, Lin C M, Chen S H, et al. Nonfullerene polymer solar cell with large active area of 216 cm² and high power conversion efficiency of 7.7%. Sol RRL, 2019, 3, 1900071 doi: 10.1002/solr.201900071

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Received: 05 April 2022 Revised: Online: Uncorrected proof: 11 April 2022Published: 06 June 2022

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2022 > 43(6): 060201

Min Li, Jilin Wang, Liming Ding, Xiaoyan Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201 ****M Li, J L Wang, L M Ding, X Y Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

Citation:

Min Li, Jilin Wang, Liming Ding, Xiaoyan Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201 ****

M Li, J L Wang, L M Ding, X Y Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

Citation:

Min Li, Jilin Wang, Liming Ding, Xiaoyan Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201 ****

M Li, J L Wang, L M Ding, X Y Du. Large-area organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 060201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

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Large-area organic solar cells

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/060201

1.
School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
2.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
3.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials (MoE), Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

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Min Li：received her BE from Xiangtan University in 2021. She is currently pursuing master degree in Shandong University under the supervision of Prof. Xiaoyan Du. Her research focuses on organic solar cells
Jilin Wang：received his PhD in 2014 form Wuhan University of Technology under the supervision of Professor Weimin Wang. He joined Guilin University of Technology in 2015. Currently, he is an associate professor in Fei Long Group. His research focuses on optoelectronic materials and devices
Liming Ding：got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Ingans Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors
Xiaoyan Du：started her research on OSCs in Liming Ding Group as a MS student in 2010–2013. She received her PhD under the supervision of Prof. Rainer H. Fink and Prof. Christoph J. Brabec in 2017 from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) in Germany. In 2017–2021, she was a postdoc in FAU and did photo-degradation and voltage loss studies. In 2020–2021, she was a research scientist in Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg doing research on high-throughput methods. Now she is a professor in Shandong University. Her research focuses on solution-processed photovoltaic materials and devices
Corresponding author: jilinwang@glut.edu.cn; ding@nanoctr.cn; duxy@sdu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2022-04-05
Available Online: 2022-04-11

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References

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[36]	Jeong J H, Jahandar M, Prasetio A, et al. Multi-dimensional interfacial engineering for a practical large-area transparent flexible organic photovoltaics. Chem Eng J, 2021, 419, 129672 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129672
[37]	Jia Z, Chen Z, Chen X, et al. 19.34 cm² large-area quaternary organic photovoltaic module with 12.36% certified efficiency. Photonics Res, 2021, 9, 324 doi: 10.1364/PRJ.416229
[38]	Liao C Y, Chen Y, Lee C C, et al. Processing strategies for an organic photovoltaic module with over 10% efficiency. Joule, 2020, 4, 189 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.11.006
[39]	Chang Y M, Liao C Y, Lee C C, et al. All solution and ambient processable organic photovoltaic modules fabricated by slot-die coating and achieved a certified 7.56% power conversion efficiency. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2019, 202, 110064 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110064
[40]	Lee J, Seo Y H, Kwon S N, et al. Slot-die and roll-to-roll processed single junction organic photovoltaic cells with the highest efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1901805 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901805
[41]	Han Y W, Lee H S, Moon D K. Printable and semitransparent nonfullerene organic solar modules over 30 cm² introducing an energy-level controllable hole transport layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13, 19085 doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c01021
[42]	Mao L, Sun L, Luo B, et al. Patching defects in the active layer of large-area organic solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6, 5817 doi: 10.1039/C7TA11264E
[43]	Rasool S, Vu D V, Song C E, et al. Room temperature processed highly efficient large-area polymer solar cells achieved with molecular engineering of copolymers. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1900168 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900168
[44]	Apilo P, Välimäki M, Po R, et al. Fully roll-to-roll printed P3HT/indene-C60-bisadduct modules with high open-circuit voltage and efficiency. Sol RRL, 2018, 2, 1700160 doi: 10.1002/solr.201700160
[45]	Park S H, Park S, Lee S, et al. Developement of highly efficient large area organic photovoltaic module: Effects of nonfullerene acceptor. Nano Energy, 2020, 77, 105147 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105147
[46]	Park S H, Park S, Kurniawan D, et al. Highly efficient large-area organic photovoltaic module with a 350 nm thick active layer using a random terpolymer donor. Chem Mater, 2020, 32, 3469 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b05399
[47]	Strohm S, Machui F, Langner S, et al. P3HT: Non-fullerene acceptor based large area, semi-transparent PV modules with power conversion efficiencies of 5%, processed by industrially scalable methods. Energy Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2225 doi: 10.1039/C8EE01150H
[48]	Ibraikulov O A, Wang J, Kamatham N, et al. ITO-free organic photovoltaic modules based on fluorinated polymers deposited from non-halogenated solution: A major step toward large-scale module production. Sol RRL, 2019, 3, 1900273 doi: 10.1002/solr.201900273
[49]	Wang D, Zhou G, Li Y, et al. High-performance organic solar cells from non-halogenated solvents. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 32, 2107827 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202107827
[50]	Huang K M, Wong Y Q, Lin M C, et al. Highly efficient and stable organic solar cell modules processed by blade coating with 5.6% module efficiency and active area of 216 cm². Prog Photovolt, 2019, 27, 264 doi: 10.1002/pip.3078
[51]	Huang K M, Lin C M, Chen S H, et al. Nonfullerene polymer solar cell with large active area of 216 cm² and high power conversion efficiency of 7.7%. Sol RRL, 2019, 3, 1900071 doi: 10.1002/solr.201900071

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