Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells

Lingbo Jia; Lixiu Zhang; Liming Ding; Shangfeng Yang

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42 > Issue 12 > 120201

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells

Lingbo Jia¹, Lixiu Zhang², Liming Ding^2, and Shangfeng Yang^1,

+ Author Affiliations

1. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion (CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
2. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Author Bio:

Lingbo Jia got her BS from Soochow University in 2017. Now she is a PhD student at University of Science and Technology of China under the supervision of Prof. Shangfeng Yang. Her research focuses on the synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives and their applications in perovskite solar cells.

Lixiu Zhang got her BS from Soochow University in 2019. Now she is a PhD student at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Prof. Liming Ding. Her research focuses on perovskite solar cells.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors.

Shangfeng Yang got his PhD from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2003. He then joined Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and a Guest Scientist. In Dec 2007, he joined University of Science and Technology of China as a full professor. His research interests include the synthesis of fullerene-based nanocarbons toward applications in energy devices. He is a RSC Fellow.

Corresponding author: Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn; Shangfeng Yang, sfyang@ustc.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201

References

[1]	Zheng X, Hou Y, Bao C, et al. Managing grains and interfaces via ligand anchoring enables 22.3%-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat Energy, 2020, 5, 131 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0538-4
[2]	Fang Z, Zeng Q, Zuo C, et al. Perovskite-based tandem solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 6, 621 doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12553.65126
[3]	Cheng Y, Ding L. Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14, 3233 doi: 10.1039/D1EE00493J
[4]	Chu L, Ding L. Self-assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 090201 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/090201
[5]	Shang Y, Fang Z, Hu W, et al. Efficient and photostable CsPbI₂Br solar cells realized by adding PMMA. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050501
[6]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[7]	Cheng Y, Yang Q D, Ding L. Encapsulation for perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 66, 100 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.029
[8]	Wang R, Mujahid M, Duan Y, et al. A review of perovskites solar cell stability. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29, 1808843 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201808843
[9]	Li X, Zhang F, He H, et al. On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2020, 578, 555 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2001-x
[10]	Jia L, Chen M, Yang S. Functionalization of fullerene materials toward applications in perovskite solar cells. Mater Chem Front, 2020, 4, 2256 doi: 10.1039/D0QM00295J
[11]	Liu X, Lin F, Chueh C C, et al. Fluoroalkyl-substituted fullerene/perovskite heterojunction for efficient and ambient stable perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2016, 30, 417 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.036
[12]	Rajagopal A, Liang P W, Chueh C C, et al. Defect passivation via a graded fullerene heterojunction in low-bandgap Pb-Sn binary perovskite photovoltaics. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2, 2531 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00847
[13]	Sandoval-Torrientes R, Pascual J, Garcia-Benito I, et al. Modified fullerenes for efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite/fullerene blend-based solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10, 2023 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700180
[14]	Chang C Y, Wang C P, Raja R, et al. High-efficiency bulk heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated by one-step solution process using single solvent: synthesis and characterization of material and film formation mechanism. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6, 4179 doi: 10.1039/C7TA07939G
[15]	Jia L, Huang F, Ding H, et al. Double-site defect passivation of perovskite film via fullerene additive engineering toward highly efficient and stable bulk heterojunction solar cells. Nano Today, 2021, 39, 101164 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101164
[16]	Zhu Z, Chueh C C, Lin F, et al. Enhanced ambient stability of efficient perovskite solar cells by employing a modified fullerene cathode interlayer. Adv Sci, 2016, 3, 1600027 doi: 10.1002/advs.201600027
[17]	Xing Z, Li S H, Xie F F, et al. Mixed fullerene electron transport layers with fluorocarbon chains assembling on the surface: a moisture-resistant coverage for perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12, 35081 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c10074
[18]	Yuan Q, Han D, Yi S, et al. Fluorinated fulleropyrrolidine as universal electron transport material for organic-inorganic and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Org Electron, 2020, 77, 105492 doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105492
[19]	Watson B L, Rolston N, Bush K A, et al. Cross-linkable, solvent-resistant fullerene contacts for robust and efficient perovskite solar cells with increased J_sc and V_oc. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8, 25896 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b06164
[20]	Wojciechowski K, Ramirez I, Gorisse T, et al. Cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for solution-processed n–i–p perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2016, 1, 648 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00229
[21]	Li M, Chao Y H, Kang T, et al. Enhanced crystallization and stability of perovskites by a cross-linkable fullerene for high-performance solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4, 15088 doi: 10.1039/C6TA06152D
[22]	Tao C, Van Der Velden J, Cabau L, et al. Fully solution-processed n–i–p-like perovskite solar cells with planar junction: how the charge extracting layer determines the open-circuit voltage. Adv Mater, 2017, 29, 1604493 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604493
[23]	Li M, Wang Z K, Kang T, et al. Graphdiyne-modified cross-linkable fullerene as an efficient electron-transporting layer in organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2018, 43, 47 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.008
[24]	Tremblay M H, Schutt K, Pulvirenti F, et al. Benzocyclobutene polymer as an additive for a benzocyclobutene-fullerene: application in stable p–i–n perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 9347 doi: 10.1039/D0TA07733J
[25]	Kang T, Tsai C M, Jiang Y H, et al. Interfacial engineering with cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for high-performance perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9, 38530 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b11795
[26]	Li M, Yang Y G, Wang Z K, et al. Perovskite grains embraced in a soft fullerene network make highly efficient flexible solar cells with superior mechanical stability. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1901519 doi: 10.1002/adma.201901519
[27]	Qiu W, Bastos J P, Dasgupta S, et al. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells with crosslinked PCBM interlayers. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5, 2466 doi: 10.1039/C6TA08799J

Fig. 1. Molecular structures of fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Zheng X, Hou Y, Bao C, et al. Managing grains and interfaces via ligand anchoring enables 22.3%-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat Energy, 2020, 5, 131 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0538-4
[2]	Fang Z, Zeng Q, Zuo C, et al. Perovskite-based tandem solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 6, 621 doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12553.65126
[3]	Cheng Y, Ding L. Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14, 3233 doi: 10.1039/D1EE00493J
[4]	Chu L, Ding L. Self-assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 090201 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/090201
[5]	Shang Y, Fang Z, Hu W, et al. Efficient and photostable CsPbI₂Br solar cells realized by adding PMMA. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050501
[6]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[7]	Cheng Y, Yang Q D, Ding L. Encapsulation for perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 66, 100 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.029
[8]	Wang R, Mujahid M, Duan Y, et al. A review of perovskites solar cell stability. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29, 1808843 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201808843
[9]	Li X, Zhang F, He H, et al. On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2020, 578, 555 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2001-x
[10]	Jia L, Chen M, Yang S. Functionalization of fullerene materials toward applications in perovskite solar cells. Mater Chem Front, 2020, 4, 2256 doi: 10.1039/D0QM00295J
[11]	Liu X, Lin F, Chueh C C, et al. Fluoroalkyl-substituted fullerene/perovskite heterojunction for efficient and ambient stable perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2016, 30, 417 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.036
[12]	Rajagopal A, Liang P W, Chueh C C, et al. Defect passivation via a graded fullerene heterojunction in low-bandgap Pb-Sn binary perovskite photovoltaics. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2, 2531 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00847
[13]	Sandoval-Torrientes R, Pascual J, Garcia-Benito I, et al. Modified fullerenes for efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite/fullerene blend-based solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10, 2023 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700180
[14]	Chang C Y, Wang C P, Raja R, et al. High-efficiency bulk heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated by one-step solution process using single solvent: synthesis and characterization of material and film formation mechanism. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6, 4179 doi: 10.1039/C7TA07939G
[15]	Jia L, Huang F, Ding H, et al. Double-site defect passivation of perovskite film via fullerene additive engineering toward highly efficient and stable bulk heterojunction solar cells. Nano Today, 2021, 39, 101164 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101164
[16]	Zhu Z, Chueh C C, Lin F, et al. Enhanced ambient stability of efficient perovskite solar cells by employing a modified fullerene cathode interlayer. Adv Sci, 2016, 3, 1600027 doi: 10.1002/advs.201600027
[17]	Xing Z, Li S H, Xie F F, et al. Mixed fullerene electron transport layers with fluorocarbon chains assembling on the surface: a moisture-resistant coverage for perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12, 35081 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c10074
[18]	Yuan Q, Han D, Yi S, et al. Fluorinated fulleropyrrolidine as universal electron transport material for organic-inorganic and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Org Electron, 2020, 77, 105492 doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105492
[19]	Watson B L, Rolston N, Bush K A, et al. Cross-linkable, solvent-resistant fullerene contacts for robust and efficient perovskite solar cells with increased J_sc and V_oc. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8, 25896 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b06164
[20]	Wojciechowski K, Ramirez I, Gorisse T, et al. Cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for solution-processed n–i–p perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2016, 1, 648 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00229
[21]	Li M, Chao Y H, Kang T, et al. Enhanced crystallization and stability of perovskites by a cross-linkable fullerene for high-performance solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4, 15088 doi: 10.1039/C6TA06152D
[22]	Tao C, Van Der Velden J, Cabau L, et al. Fully solution-processed n–i–p-like perovskite solar cells with planar junction: how the charge extracting layer determines the open-circuit voltage. Adv Mater, 2017, 29, 1604493 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604493
[23]	Li M, Wang Z K, Kang T, et al. Graphdiyne-modified cross-linkable fullerene as an efficient electron-transporting layer in organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2018, 43, 47 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.008
[24]	Tremblay M H, Schutt K, Pulvirenti F, et al. Benzocyclobutene polymer as an additive for a benzocyclobutene-fullerene: application in stable p–i–n perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 9347 doi: 10.1039/D0TA07733J
[25]	Kang T, Tsai C M, Jiang Y H, et al. Interfacial engineering with cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for high-performance perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9, 38530 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b11795
[26]	Li M, Yang Y G, Wang Z K, et al. Perovskite grains embraced in a soft fullerene network make highly efficient flexible solar cells with superior mechanical stability. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1901519 doi: 10.1002/adma.201901519
[27]	Qiu W, Bastos J P, Dasgupta S, et al. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells with crosslinked PCBM interlayers. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5, 2466 doi: 10.1039/C6TA08799J

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Received: 11 August 2021 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 13 August 2021Uncorrected proof: 24 August 2021Published: 03 December 2021

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2021 > 42(12): 120201

Lingbo Jia, Lixiu Zhang, Liming Ding, Shangfeng Yang. Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(12): 120201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201 ****L B Jia, L X Zhang, L M Ding, S F Yang, Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(12): 120201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201.

Citation:

Lingbo Jia, Lixiu Zhang, Liming Ding, Shangfeng Yang. Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(12): 120201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201 ****

L B Jia, L X Zhang, L M Ding, S F Yang, Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(12): 120201. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201.

Citation:

PDF( 1530 KB)

Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/12/120201

1.
Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion (CAS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
2.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

More Information

Lingbo Jia：got her BS from Soochow University in 2017. Now she is a PhD student at University of Science and Technology of China under the supervision of Prof. Shangfeng Yang. Her research focuses on the synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives and their applications in perovskite solar cells
Lixiu Zhang：got her BS from Soochow University in 2019. Now she is a PhD student at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Prof. Liming Ding. Her research focuses on perovskite solar cells
Liming Ding：got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors
Shangfeng Yang：got his PhD from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2003. He then joined Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany as an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow and a Guest Scientist. In Dec 2007, he joined University of Science and Technology of China as a full professor. His research interests include the synthesis of fullerene-based nanocarbons toward applications in energy devices. He is a RSC Fellow
Corresponding author: ding@nanoctr.cn; sfyang@ustc.edu.cn
Received Date: 2021-08-11
Published Date: 2021-12-10

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References

[1]	Zheng X, Hou Y, Bao C, et al. Managing grains and interfaces via ligand anchoring enables 22.3%-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat Energy, 2020, 5, 131 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0538-4
[2]	Fang Z, Zeng Q, Zuo C, et al. Perovskite-based tandem solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 6, 621 doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12553.65126
[3]	Cheng Y, Ding L. Pushing commercialization of perovskite solar cells by improving their intrinsic stability. Energy Environ Sci, 2021, 14, 3233 doi: 10.1039/D1EE00493J
[4]	Chu L, Ding L. Self-assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 090201 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/090201
[5]	Shang Y, Fang Z, Hu W, et al. Efficient and photostable CsPbI₂Br solar cells realized by adding PMMA. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 050501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050501
[6]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[7]	Cheng Y, Yang Q D, Ding L. Encapsulation for perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2021, 66, 100 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.029
[8]	Wang R, Mujahid M, Duan Y, et al. A review of perovskites solar cell stability. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29, 1808843 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201808843
[9]	Li X, Zhang F, He H, et al. On-device lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2020, 578, 555 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2001-x
[10]	Jia L, Chen M, Yang S. Functionalization of fullerene materials toward applications in perovskite solar cells. Mater Chem Front, 2020, 4, 2256 doi: 10.1039/D0QM00295J
[11]	Liu X, Lin F, Chueh C C, et al. Fluoroalkyl-substituted fullerene/perovskite heterojunction for efficient and ambient stable perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2016, 30, 417 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.10.036
[12]	Rajagopal A, Liang P W, Chueh C C, et al. Defect passivation via a graded fullerene heterojunction in low-bandgap Pb-Sn binary perovskite photovoltaics. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2, 2531 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00847
[13]	Sandoval-Torrientes R, Pascual J, Garcia-Benito I, et al. Modified fullerenes for efficient electron transport layer-free perovskite/fullerene blend-based solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2017, 10, 2023 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700180
[14]	Chang C Y, Wang C P, Raja R, et al. High-efficiency bulk heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated by one-step solution process using single solvent: synthesis and characterization of material and film formation mechanism. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6, 4179 doi: 10.1039/C7TA07939G
[15]	Jia L, Huang F, Ding H, et al. Double-site defect passivation of perovskite film via fullerene additive engineering toward highly efficient and stable bulk heterojunction solar cells. Nano Today, 2021, 39, 101164 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101164
[16]	Zhu Z, Chueh C C, Lin F, et al. Enhanced ambient stability of efficient perovskite solar cells by employing a modified fullerene cathode interlayer. Adv Sci, 2016, 3, 1600027 doi: 10.1002/advs.201600027
[17]	Xing Z, Li S H, Xie F F, et al. Mixed fullerene electron transport layers with fluorocarbon chains assembling on the surface: a moisture-resistant coverage for perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12, 35081 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c10074
[18]	Yuan Q, Han D, Yi S, et al. Fluorinated fulleropyrrolidine as universal electron transport material for organic-inorganic and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Org Electron, 2020, 77, 105492 doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105492
[19]	Watson B L, Rolston N, Bush K A, et al. Cross-linkable, solvent-resistant fullerene contacts for robust and efficient perovskite solar cells with increased J_sc and V_oc. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8, 25896 doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b06164
[20]	Wojciechowski K, Ramirez I, Gorisse T, et al. Cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for solution-processed n–i–p perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2016, 1, 648 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00229
[21]	Li M, Chao Y H, Kang T, et al. Enhanced crystallization and stability of perovskites by a cross-linkable fullerene for high-performance solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4, 15088 doi: 10.1039/C6TA06152D
[22]	Tao C, Van Der Velden J, Cabau L, et al. Fully solution-processed n–i–p-like perovskite solar cells with planar junction: how the charge extracting layer determines the open-circuit voltage. Adv Mater, 2017, 29, 1604493 doi: 10.1002/adma.201604493
[23]	Li M, Wang Z K, Kang T, et al. Graphdiyne-modified cross-linkable fullerene as an efficient electron-transporting layer in organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Nano Energy, 2018, 43, 47 doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.11.008
[24]	Tremblay M H, Schutt K, Pulvirenti F, et al. Benzocyclobutene polymer as an additive for a benzocyclobutene-fullerene: application in stable p–i–n perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 9347 doi: 10.1039/D0TA07733J
[25]	Kang T, Tsai C M, Jiang Y H, et al. Interfacial engineering with cross-linkable fullerene derivatives for high-performance perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2017, 9, 38530 doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b11795
[26]	Li M, Yang Y G, Wang Z K, et al. Perovskite grains embraced in a soft fullerene network make highly efficient flexible solar cells with superior mechanical stability. Adv Mater, 2019, 31, 1901519 doi: 10.1002/adma.201901519
[27]	Qiu W, Bastos J P, Dasgupta S, et al. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells with crosslinked PCBM interlayers. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5, 2466 doi: 10.1039/C6TA08799J

Using fluorinated and crosslinkable fullerene derivatives to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells

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