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One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics

Zepeng Li1, Wenjing Yue1, and Yang Li2,

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 Corresponding author: Wenjing Yue, ise_yuewj@ujn.edu.cn; Yang Li, yang.li@sdu.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017CSTR: 32376.14.1674-4926.26020017

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[1]
Chen C, Xie L, Guo X W, et al. Emergence of polar vortex-antivortex pair arrays in multiferroic superlattices. Adv Mater, 2026, 38(1): e01894 doi: 10.1002/adma.202501894
[2]
He W W, Tang Z M, Yin Y, et al. Topological magnetic textures mediated magnetocaloric effect in Janus monolayer. Adv Funct Mater, 2025, 35(20): 2419782 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202419782
[3]
Rybakov F N, Eriksson O, Kiselev N S. Topological invariants of vortices, merons, skyrmions, and their combinations in continuous and discrete systems. Phys Rev B, 2025, 111(13): 134417 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.134417
[4]
Tanwani M, Gupta P, Powar S, et al. Dynamics of ferroelectric flux closure array in oxide superlattices. Small, 2025, 21(4): 2405688 doi: 10.1002/smll.202405688
[5]
He J L, Zahn M, Ushakov I N, et al. Non-destructive tomographic nanoscale imaging of ferroelectric domain walls. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34(23): 2314011 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202314011
[6]
Meier D, Selbach S M. Ferroelectric domain walls for nanotechnology. Nat Rev Mater, 2022, 7(3): 157
[7]
Qian Y Z, Zhang Y C, Xu J J, et al. Domain-wall p-n junction in lithium niobate thin film on an insulator. Phys Rev Appl, 2022, 17(4): 044011 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.044011
[8]
Sharma P, Moise T S, Colombo L, et al. Roadmap for ferroelectric domain wall nanoelectronics. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32(10): 2110263 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110263
[9]
Zhang J X. Domain-wall nanoelectronics in ferroelectric memory. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61(5): 767 doi: 10.1007/s40843-017-9188-3
[10]
Jia Y Z, Luo F X, Hao X M, et al. Intrinsic valley polarization and high-temperature ferroelectricity in two-dimensional orthorhombic lead oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13(5): 6480 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c17878
[11]
Tröster A, Pils J, Bruckner F, et al. Hard antiphase domain boundaries in strontium titanate: A comparison of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire and ab initio results. Phys Rev B, 2023, 108(14): 144108 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.108.144108
[12]
Jia C L, Mi S B, Urban K, et al. Atomic-scale study of electric dipoles near charged and uncharged domain walls in ferroelectric films. Nat Mater, 2008, 7(1): 57 doi: 10.1038/nmat2080
[13]
Ahn Y, Everhardt A S, Lee H J, et al. Dynamic tilting of ferroelectric domain walls caused by optically induced electronic screening. Phys Rev Lett, 2021, 127(9): 097402 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.097402
[14]
Campanini M, Gradauskaite E, Trassin M, et al. Imaging and quantification of charged domain walls in BiFeO3. Nanoscale, 2020, 12(16): 9186 doi: 10.1039/D0NR01258K
[15]
Zhong H, Wang S Y, Zhang Q H, et al. Observation of one-dimensional, charged domain walls in ferroelectric ZrO2. Science, 2026, 391(6783): 407 doi: 10.1126/science.aeb7280
[16]
Garbayo I, Chiabrera F, Alayo N, et al. Thin film oxide-ion conducting electrolyte for near room temperature applications. J Mater Chem A, 2019, 7(45): 25772 doi: 10.1039/C9TA07632H
[17]
Jang J, Jin Y, Nam Y S, et al. Sub-unit-cell-segmented ferroelectricity in brownmillerite oxides by phonon decoupling. Nat Mater, 2025, 24(8): 1228 doi: 10.1038/s41563-025-02233-7
Fig. 1.  (Color online) Concept, structure, and quantification of 1D charged domain walls (CDWs) in ferroelectric ZrO2. (a) Schematic illustration of dimensional confinement, showing the transition from 2D DWs in conventional 3D systems to 1D structures in fluorite ferroelectrics. (b) Atomic-resolution MEP image and oxygen displacement mapping of ZrO2, where the color scale represents the normalized displacement with respect to the standard Pca21 structure of ZrO2. (c) Atomic model depicting a 1D charged domain wall confined strictly within the polar layers. (d) (I) Projected MEP phase image showing “head-to-head” (H-H) CDWs. (II) Magnified view and atomic model of a single H-H CDW. (III) Quantitative analysis of polar oxygen (OP) displacement in each subcell from (d-II), verifying the single-subcell thickness characteristic of the H-H wall. (e) (I) Projected MEP phase image showing “tail-to-tail” (T-T) CDWs. (II) Magnified view and atomic model of a T-T CDW. (III) Quantitative analysis of OP displacement in each subcell from (e-II), verifying the single-subcell thickness characteristic of the T-T wall[15].

[1]
Chen C, Xie L, Guo X W, et al. Emergence of polar vortex-antivortex pair arrays in multiferroic superlattices. Adv Mater, 2026, 38(1): e01894 doi: 10.1002/adma.202501894
[2]
He W W, Tang Z M, Yin Y, et al. Topological magnetic textures mediated magnetocaloric effect in Janus monolayer. Adv Funct Mater, 2025, 35(20): 2419782 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202419782
[3]
Rybakov F N, Eriksson O, Kiselev N S. Topological invariants of vortices, merons, skyrmions, and their combinations in continuous and discrete systems. Phys Rev B, 2025, 111(13): 134417 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.134417
[4]
Tanwani M, Gupta P, Powar S, et al. Dynamics of ferroelectric flux closure array in oxide superlattices. Small, 2025, 21(4): 2405688 doi: 10.1002/smll.202405688
[5]
He J L, Zahn M, Ushakov I N, et al. Non-destructive tomographic nanoscale imaging of ferroelectric domain walls. Adv Funct Mater, 2024, 34(23): 2314011 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202314011
[6]
Meier D, Selbach S M. Ferroelectric domain walls for nanotechnology. Nat Rev Mater, 2022, 7(3): 157
[7]
Qian Y Z, Zhang Y C, Xu J J, et al. Domain-wall p-n junction in lithium niobate thin film on an insulator. Phys Rev Appl, 2022, 17(4): 044011 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.17.044011
[8]
Sharma P, Moise T S, Colombo L, et al. Roadmap for ferroelectric domain wall nanoelectronics. Adv Funct Mater, 2022, 32(10): 2110263 doi: 10.1002/adfm.202110263
[9]
Zhang J X. Domain-wall nanoelectronics in ferroelectric memory. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61(5): 767 doi: 10.1007/s40843-017-9188-3
[10]
Jia Y Z, Luo F X, Hao X M, et al. Intrinsic valley polarization and high-temperature ferroelectricity in two-dimensional orthorhombic lead oxide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021, 13(5): 6480 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c17878
[11]
Tröster A, Pils J, Bruckner F, et al. Hard antiphase domain boundaries in strontium titanate: A comparison of Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire and ab initio results. Phys Rev B, 2023, 108(14): 144108 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.108.144108
[12]
Jia C L, Mi S B, Urban K, et al. Atomic-scale study of electric dipoles near charged and uncharged domain walls in ferroelectric films. Nat Mater, 2008, 7(1): 57 doi: 10.1038/nmat2080
[13]
Ahn Y, Everhardt A S, Lee H J, et al. Dynamic tilting of ferroelectric domain walls caused by optically induced electronic screening. Phys Rev Lett, 2021, 127(9): 097402 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.097402
[14]
Campanini M, Gradauskaite E, Trassin M, et al. Imaging and quantification of charged domain walls in BiFeO3. Nanoscale, 2020, 12(16): 9186 doi: 10.1039/D0NR01258K
[15]
Zhong H, Wang S Y, Zhang Q H, et al. Observation of one-dimensional, charged domain walls in ferroelectric ZrO2. Science, 2026, 391(6783): 407 doi: 10.1126/science.aeb7280
[16]
Garbayo I, Chiabrera F, Alayo N, et al. Thin film oxide-ion conducting electrolyte for near room temperature applications. J Mater Chem A, 2019, 7(45): 25772 doi: 10.1039/C9TA07632H
[17]
Jang J, Jin Y, Nam Y S, et al. Sub-unit-cell-segmented ferroelectricity in brownmillerite oxides by phonon decoupling. Nat Mater, 2025, 24(8): 1228 doi: 10.1038/s41563-025-02233-7
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    Received: 07 February 2026 Revised: 14 March 2026 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 27 March 2026

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      Zepeng Li, Wenjing Yue, Yang Li. One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2026, In Press. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017 ****Z P Li, W J Yue, and Y Li, One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics[J]. J. Semicond., 2026, accepted doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017
      Citation:
      Zepeng Li, Wenjing Yue, Yang Li. One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2026, In Press. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017 ****
      Z P Li, W J Yue, and Y Li, One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics[J]. J. Semicond., 2026, accepted doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017

      One-dimensional domain walls: A new dimension for ferroelectric nanoelectronics

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26020017
      CSTR: 32376.14.1674-4926.26020017
      More Information
      • Zepeng Li is a graduate student at the School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan. His main research focuses on the fabrication and optoelectronic properties of memristive devices and their applications in neuromorphic computing
      • Wenjing Yue received her Ph.D. from Kwangwoon University in Korea in 2017. She joined the University of Jinan as an associate professor in 2017. Her main research directions are micro-nano photonic device design and optical information encryption
      • Yang Li has been a professor at Shandong University, China, since 2022. He received his PhD degree in Electronic Engineering from Kwangwoon University, Korea, in 2015. His research interests include flexible sensing materials and devices, memristive materials and devices, neuromorphic computing applications, RF passive device design, and advanced semiconductor fabrication. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers in the relevant fields
      • Corresponding author: ise_yuewj@ujn.edu.cnyang.li@sdu.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2026-02-07
      • Revised Date: 2026-03-14
      • Available Online: 2026-03-27

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