J. Semicond. > 2014, Volume 35 > Issue 8 > 085002
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SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC

Siyang Han, Baoyong Chi, Xinwang Zhang and Zhihua Wang

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Chi Baoyong, Email:chibylxc@tsinghua.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002

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Abstract: A 35-130 MHz/300-360 MHz phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer for Δ-Σ analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in 65 nm CMOS is presented. The frequency synthesizer can work in low phase-noise mode (300-360 MHz) or in low-power mode (35-130 MHz) to satisfy the ADC's requirements. To switch between these two modes, a high frequency GHz LC VCO followed by a divided-by-four frequency divider and a low frequency ring VCO followed by a divided-by-two frequency divider are integrated on-chip. The measured results show that the frequency synthesizer achieves a phase-noise of -132 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and an integrated RMS jitter of 1.12 ps with 1.74 mW power consumption from a 1.2 V power supply in low phase-noise mode. In low-power mode, the frequency synthesizer achieves a phase-noise of -112 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and an integrated RMS jitter of 7.23 ps with 0.92 mW power consumption from a 1.2 V power supply.

Key words: LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), ring VCO, clock generation, power scalable, phase-locked loop, frequency synthesizer



[1]
Walden R H. Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 1999, 17(4):539 doi: 10.1109/49.761034
[2]
Gao X, Klumperink E A M, Bohsali M, et al. A 2.2 GHz 7.6 mW sub-sampling PLL with -126 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise and 0.15 psrms jitter in 0.18μm CMOS. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2009:392 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=4977473
[3]
Liang C F, Hsiao K J. An injection-locked ring PLL with self-a ligned injection window. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2011:90 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5746232
[4]
Akihide S, Yamaji T, Itakura T. A 570 fsrms integrated-jitter ring-VCO-based 1.21 GHz PLL with hybrid loop. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2011:98 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5746236
[5]
Yan Y, Yan T, Mo T, et al. A 62MHz-316MHz phase-locked loop based on ring oscillator for ADC clock generator in 0.18μm CMOS. IEEE Third International Conference ICMTMA, 2011, 1:6 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5720687/
[6]
Liu J, Jeon S, Jang T K, et al. A 0.8 V, sub-mW, varactor-tuning ring-oscillator-based clock generator in 32nm CMOS. IEEE Asian Solid State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC), 2011:337 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6123582/
[7]
Lee H J, Kern A M, Hyvonen S. A scalable sub-1.2 mW 300 MHz-to-1.5GHz host-clock PLL for system-on-chip in 32 nm CMOS. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference ISSCC, 2011:96 http://www.mendeley.com/research/scalable-sub12mw-300mhzto15ghz-hostclock-pll-systemonchip-32nm-cmos/
[8]
Kral A, Behbahani F, Abidi A A. RF-CMOS oscillators with switched tuning. Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf, 1998:555 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=695039
[9]
Kobayashi Y, Amakawa S, Ishihara N, et al. A low-phase-noise injection-locked differential ring-VCO with half-integral subharmonic locking in 0.18μm CMOS. Proceedings of ESSCIRC, 2009:440 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5325965
[10]
Lee J, Wang H. Study of subharmonically injection-locked PLLs. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(5):1539 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2016701
[11]
Hajimiri A, Lee T H. Design issues in CMOS differential LC oscillators. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1999, 34(5):717 doi: 10.1109/4.760384
[12]
Lesson D B. A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum. Proc IEEE, 1966, 54(2):329 doi: 10.1109/PROC.1966.4682
[13]
Gao X, Klumperink E A M, Bohsali M, et al. A low noise sub-sampling PLL in which divider noise is eliminated and PD/CP noise is not multiplied by N. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(12):3253 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2032723
Fig. 1.  The schematic of divided-by-N divider

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Fig. 2.  Block diagram of the proposed PLL frequency synthesizer

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Fig. 3.  The schematic of the LC VCO

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Fig. 4.  The schematic of the ring VCO

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Fig. 5.  The block diagram of the divided-by-2/4 divider

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Fig. 6.  The schematic of divided-by-$N$ divider

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Fig. 7.  The schematic of the charge pump

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Fig. 8.  The schematic of the loop filter

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Fig. 9.  The microphotograph of the presented synthesizer

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Fig. 10.  The phase noise of the synthesizer in (a) high-performance mode and (b) low-power mode

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Table 1.   Specification of $\Delta $-$\Sigma $ ADC

Table 2.   Parameter of the loop filter

Table 3.   Comparison with other clock PLL synthesizers
[1]
Walden R H. Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 1999, 17(4):539 doi: 10.1109/49.761034
[2]
Gao X, Klumperink E A M, Bohsali M, et al. A 2.2 GHz 7.6 mW sub-sampling PLL with -126 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise and 0.15 psrms jitter in 0.18μm CMOS. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2009:392 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=4977473
[3]
Liang C F, Hsiao K J. An injection-locked ring PLL with self-a ligned injection window. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2011:90 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5746232
[4]
Akihide S, Yamaji T, Itakura T. A 570 fsrms integrated-jitter ring-VCO-based 1.21 GHz PLL with hybrid loop. IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, 2011:98 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5746236
[5]
Yan Y, Yan T, Mo T, et al. A 62MHz-316MHz phase-locked loop based on ring oscillator for ADC clock generator in 0.18μm CMOS. IEEE Third International Conference ICMTMA, 2011, 1:6 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5720687/
[6]
Liu J, Jeon S, Jang T K, et al. A 0.8 V, sub-mW, varactor-tuning ring-oscillator-based clock generator in 32nm CMOS. IEEE Asian Solid State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC), 2011:337 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6123582/
[7]
Lee H J, Kern A M, Hyvonen S. A scalable sub-1.2 mW 300 MHz-to-1.5GHz host-clock PLL for system-on-chip in 32 nm CMOS. IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference ISSCC, 2011:96 http://www.mendeley.com/research/scalable-sub12mw-300mhzto15ghz-hostclock-pll-systemonchip-32nm-cmos/
[8]
Kral A, Behbahani F, Abidi A A. RF-CMOS oscillators with switched tuning. Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf, 1998:555 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=695039
[9]
Kobayashi Y, Amakawa S, Ishihara N, et al. A low-phase-noise injection-locked differential ring-VCO with half-integral subharmonic locking in 0.18μm CMOS. Proceedings of ESSCIRC, 2009:440 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5325965
[10]
Lee J, Wang H. Study of subharmonically injection-locked PLLs. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(5):1539 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2016701
[11]
Hajimiri A, Lee T H. Design issues in CMOS differential LC oscillators. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 1999, 34(5):717 doi: 10.1109/4.760384
[12]
Lesson D B. A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum. Proc IEEE, 1966, 54(2):329 doi: 10.1109/PROC.1966.4682
[13]
Gao X, Klumperink E A M, Bohsali M, et al. A low noise sub-sampling PLL in which divider noise is eliminated and PD/CP noise is not multiplied by N. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44(12):3253 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2009.2032723

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    Received: 14 January 2014 Revised: 02 March 2014 Online: Published: 01 August 2014

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2014  >  35(8): 085002
      Siyang Han, Baoyong Chi, Xinwang Zhang, Zhihua Wang. A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(8): 085002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002 ****S Y Han, B Y Chi, X W Zhang, Z H Wang. A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(8): 085002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002.
      Citation:
      Siyang Han, Baoyong Chi, Xinwang Zhang, Zhihua Wang. A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(8): 085002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002 ****
      S Y Han, B Y Chi, X W Zhang, Z H Wang. A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(8): 085002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002.
      shu

      A power scalable PLL frequency synthesizer for high-speed Δ-Σ ADC

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/8/085002

      • Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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      • Corresponding author: Chi Baoyong, Email:chibylxc@tsinghua.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2014-01-14
      • Revised Date: 2014-03-02
      • Published Date: 2014-08-01

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