Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI<sub>3</sub> under over 70% humidity

Tian Tian; Meifang Yang; Jianyu Yang; Wuqiang Wu; Liming Ding

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501

J. Semicond. > 2022, Volume 43 > Issue 3 > 030501

SHORT COMMUNICATION

Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI₃ under over 70% humidity

Tian Tian^{1, §,}, Meifang Yang^{1, §}, Jianyu Yang¹, Wuqiang Wu^1, and Liming Ding^2,

+ Author Affiliations

1. Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry (MoE), Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
^§‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

Author Bio:

Tian Tian received her PhD from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology in 2020. She received her Bachelor degree from Northwest Minzu University and her Master degree from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology in 2017. Her research focuses on semiconducting crystals and optoelectronic devices.

Meifang Yang is a PhD candidate in Sun Yat-sen University. She received her Master degree from Jilin Normal University in 2020. Her research focuses on perovskite solar cells.

Wuqiang Wu received his PhD from the University of Melbourne in 2017. He received his Bachelor and Master degrees from Sun Yat-sen University in 2011 and 2013, respectively. His research focuses on semiconducting materials and optoelectronic devices.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors.

Corresponding author: Tian Tian, tiant59@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Wuqiang Wu, wuwq36@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501

References

[1]	Sutton R J, Eperon G E, Miranda L, et al. Bandgap-tunable cesium lead halide perovskites with high thermal stability for efficient solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6(8), 1502458 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201502458
[2]	Lin L, Jiang L, Li P, et al. Simulated development and optimized performance of CsPbI₃ based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy, 2020, 198(1), 454 doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.081
[3]	Yu B, Zuo C, Shi J, et al. Defect engineering on all-inorganic perovskite solar cells for high efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(5), 050203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050203
[4]	Tang Y, Lesage A, Schall P. CsPbI₃ nanocrystal films: towards higher stability and efficiency. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8(48), 17139 doi: 10.1039/D0TC04475J
[5]	Swarnkar A, Marshall A R, Sanehira E M, et al. Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI₃ perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Science, 2016, 354(6308), 92 doi: 10.1126/science.aag2700
[6]	Sutton R J, Filip M R, Haghighirad A A, et al. Cubic or orthorhombic? Revealing the crystal structure of metastable black-phase CsPbI₃ by theory and experiment. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3(8), 1787 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00672
[7]	Straus D B, Guo S, Abeykoon A M, et al. Understanding the instability of the halide perovskite CsPbI₃ through temperature-dependent structural analysis. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2001069 doi: 10.1002/adma.202001069
[8]	Li B, Zhang Y, Fu L, et al. Surface passivation engineering strategy to fully-inorganic cubic CsPbI₃ perovskites for high-performance solar cells. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1076), 1076 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03169-0
[9]	Ke F, Wang C, Jia C, et al. Preserving a robust CsPbI₃ perovskite phase via pressure-directed octahedral tilt. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(461), 461 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20745-5
[10]	Huang Q, Li F, Wang M, et al. Vapor-deposited CsPbI₃ solar cells demonstrate an efficiency of 16%. Sci Bull, 2021, 66(8), 757 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.024
[11]	Wang Q, Zheng X, Deng Y, et al. Stabilizing the α-Phase of CsPbI₃ perovskite by sulfobetaine zwitterions in one-step spin-coating films. Joule, 2017, 1(2), 371 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.017
[12]	Wang K, Jin Z, Liang L, et al. All-inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with stabilized efficiency beyond 15%. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 4544 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06915-6
[13]	Zhang T, Wang F, Chen H, et al. Mediator-antisolvent strategy to stabilize all-inorganic CsPbI₃ for perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16%. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5(5), 1619 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00497
[14]	Hu Y, Bai F, Liu X, et al. Bismuth incorporation stabilized α-CsPbI₃ for fully inorganic perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(10), 2219 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00508
[15]	McMeekin D P, Sadoughi G, Rehman W, et al. A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells. Science, 2016, 351(6269), 151 doi: 10.1126/science.aad5845
[16]	Beal R E, Slotcavage D J, Leijtens T, et al. Cesium lead halide perovskites with improved stability for tandem solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett, 2016, 7(5), 746 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00002
[17]	Eperon G E, Paternò G M, Sutton R J, et al. Inorganic caesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3(39), 19688 doi: 10.1039/C5TA06398A
[18]	Hutter E M, Sutton R J, Chandrashekar S, et al. Vapour-deposited cesium lead iodide perovskites: microsecond charge carrier lifetimes and enhanced photovoltaic performance. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(8), 1901 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00591
[19]	Wang Y, Zhang T, Kan M, et al. Efficient α-CsPbI₃ photovoltaics with surface terminated organic cations. Joule, 2018, 2(10), 2065 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.013
[20]	Xu X, Zhang H, Li E, et al. Electron-enriched thione enables strong Pb-S interaction for stabilizing high quality CsPbI₃ perovskite films with low-temperature processing. Chem Sci, 2020, 11(12), 3132 doi: 10.1039/C9SC06574A
[21]	Yoon S M, Min H, Kim J B, et al. Surface engineering of ambient-air-processed cesium lead triiodide layers for efficient solar cells. Joule, 2021, 5(1), 183 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.020
[22]	Zhang T, Dar M I, Li G, et al. Bication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic α-CsPbI₃ perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells. Sci Adv, 2017, 3(9), e1700841 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700841
[23]	Zhang J, Liu J, Tan A, et al. Improved stability of β-CsPbI₃ inorganic perovskite using π-conjugated bifunctional surface capped organic cations for high performance photovoltaics. Chem Commun, 2020, 56(89), 13816 doi: 10.1039/D0CC05386D
[24]	Ye T, Pan L, Yang Y, et al. Synthesis of highly-oriented black CsPbI₃ microstructures for high-performance solar cells. Chem Mater, 2020, 32(7), 3235 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00427
[25]	Wang Y, Yuan J, Zhang X, et al. Surface ligand management aided by a secondary amine enables increased synthesis yield of CsPbI₃ perovskite quantum dots and high photovoltaic performance. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2000449 doi: 10.1002/adma.202000449
[26]	Wang C, Chesman A S R, Jasieniak J J. Stabilizing the cubic perovskite phase of CsPbI₃ nanocrystals by using an alkyl phosphinic acid. Chem Commun, 2017, 53(1), 232 doi: 10.1039/C6CC08282C
[27]	Shi J, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskites toward high-efficiency photovoltaics. Energy Environ Mater, 2019, 2(2), 73 doi: 10.1002/eem2.12039
[28]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(3), 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) The ambient air-processed black-phase CsPbI₃ film via CR strategy. The XRD patterns of the control (b) and CR-derived CsPbI₃ film (c). Note: the hash key represents the signal from δ-CsPbI₃; the square symbol represents the signal from PbI₂; the diamond symbol represents the signal from β-CsPbI₃; the circular pattern represents the signal from CsI and the asterisk represents the signal from FTO glass substrate. (d) The structure of DAST. (e) Schematic for the molecular interaction and CsPbI₃ film formation. (f) The XRD pattern for DAST-modified CsPbI₃ film after being stored in air for one month.

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[1]	Sutton R J, Eperon G E, Miranda L, et al. Bandgap-tunable cesium lead halide perovskites with high thermal stability for efficient solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6(8), 1502458 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201502458
[2]	Lin L, Jiang L, Li P, et al. Simulated development and optimized performance of CsPbI₃ based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy, 2020, 198(1), 454 doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.081
[3]	Yu B, Zuo C, Shi J, et al. Defect engineering on all-inorganic perovskite solar cells for high efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(5), 050203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050203
[4]	Tang Y, Lesage A, Schall P. CsPbI₃ nanocrystal films: towards higher stability and efficiency. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8(48), 17139 doi: 10.1039/D0TC04475J
[5]	Swarnkar A, Marshall A R, Sanehira E M, et al. Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI₃ perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Science, 2016, 354(6308), 92 doi: 10.1126/science.aag2700
[6]	Sutton R J, Filip M R, Haghighirad A A, et al. Cubic or orthorhombic? Revealing the crystal structure of metastable black-phase CsPbI₃ by theory and experiment. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3(8), 1787 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00672
[7]	Straus D B, Guo S, Abeykoon A M, et al. Understanding the instability of the halide perovskite CsPbI₃ through temperature-dependent structural analysis. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2001069 doi: 10.1002/adma.202001069
[8]	Li B, Zhang Y, Fu L, et al. Surface passivation engineering strategy to fully-inorganic cubic CsPbI₃ perovskites for high-performance solar cells. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1076), 1076 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03169-0
[9]	Ke F, Wang C, Jia C, et al. Preserving a robust CsPbI₃ perovskite phase via pressure-directed octahedral tilt. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(461), 461 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20745-5
[10]	Huang Q, Li F, Wang M, et al. Vapor-deposited CsPbI₃ solar cells demonstrate an efficiency of 16%. Sci Bull, 2021, 66(8), 757 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.024
[11]	Wang Q, Zheng X, Deng Y, et al. Stabilizing the α-Phase of CsPbI₃ perovskite by sulfobetaine zwitterions in one-step spin-coating films. Joule, 2017, 1(2), 371 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.017
[12]	Wang K, Jin Z, Liang L, et al. All-inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with stabilized efficiency beyond 15%. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 4544 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06915-6
[13]	Zhang T, Wang F, Chen H, et al. Mediator-antisolvent strategy to stabilize all-inorganic CsPbI₃ for perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16%. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5(5), 1619 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00497
[14]	Hu Y, Bai F, Liu X, et al. Bismuth incorporation stabilized α-CsPbI₃ for fully inorganic perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(10), 2219 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00508
[15]	McMeekin D P, Sadoughi G, Rehman W, et al. A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells. Science, 2016, 351(6269), 151 doi: 10.1126/science.aad5845
[16]	Beal R E, Slotcavage D J, Leijtens T, et al. Cesium lead halide perovskites with improved stability for tandem solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett, 2016, 7(5), 746 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00002
[17]	Eperon G E, Paternò G M, Sutton R J, et al. Inorganic caesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3(39), 19688 doi: 10.1039/C5TA06398A
[18]	Hutter E M, Sutton R J, Chandrashekar S, et al. Vapour-deposited cesium lead iodide perovskites: microsecond charge carrier lifetimes and enhanced photovoltaic performance. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(8), 1901 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00591
[19]	Wang Y, Zhang T, Kan M, et al. Efficient α-CsPbI₃ photovoltaics with surface terminated organic cations. Joule, 2018, 2(10), 2065 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.013
[20]	Xu X, Zhang H, Li E, et al. Electron-enriched thione enables strong Pb-S interaction for stabilizing high quality CsPbI₃ perovskite films with low-temperature processing. Chem Sci, 2020, 11(12), 3132 doi: 10.1039/C9SC06574A
[21]	Yoon S M, Min H, Kim J B, et al. Surface engineering of ambient-air-processed cesium lead triiodide layers for efficient solar cells. Joule, 2021, 5(1), 183 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.020
[22]	Zhang T, Dar M I, Li G, et al. Bication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic α-CsPbI₃ perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells. Sci Adv, 2017, 3(9), e1700841 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700841
[23]	Zhang J, Liu J, Tan A, et al. Improved stability of β-CsPbI₃ inorganic perovskite using π-conjugated bifunctional surface capped organic cations for high performance photovoltaics. Chem Commun, 2020, 56(89), 13816 doi: 10.1039/D0CC05386D
[24]	Ye T, Pan L, Yang Y, et al. Synthesis of highly-oriented black CsPbI₃ microstructures for high-performance solar cells. Chem Mater, 2020, 32(7), 3235 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00427
[25]	Wang Y, Yuan J, Zhang X, et al. Surface ligand management aided by a secondary amine enables increased synthesis yield of CsPbI₃ perovskite quantum dots and high photovoltaic performance. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2000449 doi: 10.1002/adma.202000449
[26]	Wang C, Chesman A S R, Jasieniak J J. Stabilizing the cubic perovskite phase of CsPbI₃ nanocrystals by using an alkyl phosphinic acid. Chem Commun, 2017, 53(1), 232 doi: 10.1039/C6CC08282C
[27]	Shi J, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskites toward high-efficiency photovoltaics. Energy Environ Mater, 2019, 2(2), 73 doi: 10.1002/eem2.12039
[28]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(3), 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501

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Received: 31 January 2020 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 08 February 2022Uncorrected proof: 08 February 2022Published: 10 March 2022

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2022 > 43(3): 030501

Tian Tian, Meifang Yang, Jianyu Yang, Wuqiang Wu, Liming Ding. Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI3 under over 70% humidity[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(3): 030501. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501 ****Tian Tian, Meifang Yang, Jianyu Yang, Wuqiang Wu, Liming Ding, Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI3 under over 70% humidity[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(3), 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501

Citation:

Tian Tian, Meifang Yang, Jianyu Yang, Wuqiang Wu, Liming Ding. Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI₃ under over 70% humidity[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(3): 030501. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501 ****

Tian Tian, Meifang Yang, Jianyu Yang, Wuqiang Wu, Liming Ding, Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI₃ under over 70% humidity[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(3), 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501

Citation:

PDF( 6848 KB)

Stabilizing black-phase CsPbI₃ under over 70% humidity

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501

Tian Tian^{1, §,},
Meifang Yang^{1, §},
Jianyu Yang¹,
Wuqiang Wu^1,,
Liming Ding^2,

1.
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry (MoE), Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

More Information

Tian Tian：received her PhD from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology in 2020. She received her Bachelor degree from Northwest Minzu University and her Master degree from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology in 2017. Her research focuses on semiconducting crystals and optoelectronic devices
Meifang Yang：is a PhD candidate in Sun Yat-sen University. She received her Master degree from Jilin Normal University in 2020. Her research focuses on perovskite solar cells
Wuqiang Wu：received his PhD from the University of Melbourne in 2017. He received his Bachelor and Master degrees from Sun Yat-sen University in 2011 and 2013, respectively. His research focuses on semiconducting materials and optoelectronic devices
Liming Ding：got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors
Corresponding author: tiant59@mail.sysu.edu.cn; wuwq36@mail.sysu.edu.cn; ding@nanoctr.cn
Received Date: 2020-01-31
Available Online: 2023-11-22

Abstract

Supplementary materials to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030501.
^§‡ These authors contributed equally to this work

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References(28)

References

[1]	Sutton R J, Eperon G E, Miranda L, et al. Bandgap-tunable cesium lead halide perovskites with high thermal stability for efficient solar cells. Adv Energy Mater, 2016, 6(8), 1502458 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201502458
[2]	Lin L, Jiang L, Li P, et al. Simulated development and optimized performance of CsPbI₃ based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Solar Energy, 2020, 198(1), 454 doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.081
[3]	Yu B, Zuo C, Shi J, et al. Defect engineering on all-inorganic perovskite solar cells for high efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(5), 050203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/5/050203
[4]	Tang Y, Lesage A, Schall P. CsPbI₃ nanocrystal films: towards higher stability and efficiency. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8(48), 17139 doi: 10.1039/D0TC04475J
[5]	Swarnkar A, Marshall A R, Sanehira E M, et al. Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI₃ perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Science, 2016, 354(6308), 92 doi: 10.1126/science.aag2700
[6]	Sutton R J, Filip M R, Haghighirad A A, et al. Cubic or orthorhombic? Revealing the crystal structure of metastable black-phase CsPbI₃ by theory and experiment. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3(8), 1787 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00672
[7]	Straus D B, Guo S, Abeykoon A M, et al. Understanding the instability of the halide perovskite CsPbI₃ through temperature-dependent structural analysis. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2001069 doi: 10.1002/adma.202001069
[8]	Li B, Zhang Y, Fu L, et al. Surface passivation engineering strategy to fully-inorganic cubic CsPbI₃ perovskites for high-performance solar cells. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1076), 1076 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03169-0
[9]	Ke F, Wang C, Jia C, et al. Preserving a robust CsPbI₃ perovskite phase via pressure-directed octahedral tilt. Nat Commun, 2021, 12(461), 461 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20745-5
[10]	Huang Q, Li F, Wang M, et al. Vapor-deposited CsPbI₃ solar cells demonstrate an efficiency of 16%. Sci Bull, 2021, 66(8), 757 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.024
[11]	Wang Q, Zheng X, Deng Y, et al. Stabilizing the α-Phase of CsPbI₃ perovskite by sulfobetaine zwitterions in one-step spin-coating films. Joule, 2017, 1(2), 371 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.07.017
[12]	Wang K, Jin Z, Liang L, et al. All-inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with stabilized efficiency beyond 15%. Nat Commun, 2018, 9, 4544 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06915-6
[13]	Zhang T, Wang F, Chen H, et al. Mediator-antisolvent strategy to stabilize all-inorganic CsPbI₃ for perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 16%. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5(5), 1619 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00497
[14]	Hu Y, Bai F, Liu X, et al. Bismuth incorporation stabilized α-CsPbI₃ for fully inorganic perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(10), 2219 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00508
[15]	McMeekin D P, Sadoughi G, Rehman W, et al. A mixed-cation lead mixed-halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells. Science, 2016, 351(6269), 151 doi: 10.1126/science.aad5845
[16]	Beal R E, Slotcavage D J, Leijtens T, et al. Cesium lead halide perovskites with improved stability for tandem solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett, 2016, 7(5), 746 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00002
[17]	Eperon G E, Paternò G M, Sutton R J, et al. Inorganic caesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3(39), 19688 doi: 10.1039/C5TA06398A
[18]	Hutter E M, Sutton R J, Chandrashekar S, et al. Vapour-deposited cesium lead iodide perovskites: microsecond charge carrier lifetimes and enhanced photovoltaic performance. ACS Energy Lett, 2017, 2(8), 1901 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00591
[19]	Wang Y, Zhang T, Kan M, et al. Efficient α-CsPbI₃ photovoltaics with surface terminated organic cations. Joule, 2018, 2(10), 2065 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.013
[20]	Xu X, Zhang H, Li E, et al. Electron-enriched thione enables strong Pb-S interaction for stabilizing high quality CsPbI₃ perovskite films with low-temperature processing. Chem Sci, 2020, 11(12), 3132 doi: 10.1039/C9SC06574A
[21]	Yoon S M, Min H, Kim J B, et al. Surface engineering of ambient-air-processed cesium lead triiodide layers for efficient solar cells. Joule, 2021, 5(1), 183 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.11.020
[22]	Zhang T, Dar M I, Li G, et al. Bication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic α-CsPbI₃ perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells. Sci Adv, 2017, 3(9), e1700841 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700841
[23]	Zhang J, Liu J, Tan A, et al. Improved stability of β-CsPbI₃ inorganic perovskite using π-conjugated bifunctional surface capped organic cations for high performance photovoltaics. Chem Commun, 2020, 56(89), 13816 doi: 10.1039/D0CC05386D
[24]	Ye T, Pan L, Yang Y, et al. Synthesis of highly-oriented black CsPbI₃ microstructures for high-performance solar cells. Chem Mater, 2020, 32(7), 3235 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c00427
[25]	Wang Y, Yuan J, Zhang X, et al. Surface ligand management aided by a secondary amine enables increased synthesis yield of CsPbI₃ perovskite quantum dots and high photovoltaic performance. Adv Mater, 2020, 32(32), 2000449 doi: 10.1002/adma.202000449
[26]	Wang C, Chesman A S R, Jasieniak J J. Stabilizing the cubic perovskite phase of CsPbI₃ nanocrystals by using an alkyl phosphinic acid. Chem Commun, 2017, 53(1), 232 doi: 10.1039/C6CC08282C
[27]	Shi J, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskites toward high-efficiency photovoltaics. Energy Environ Mater, 2019, 2(2), 73 doi: 10.1002/eem2.12039
[28]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42(3), 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501

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