Elaboration of ZnO nanowires by solution based method, characterization and solar cell applications

F. A. Mahmoud; Ninet Ahmed

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/39/9/093002

Abstract: ZnO nanowires (NWs) layers have been synthesized using a two-step chemical solution method on ITO glass substrates coated with ZnO seeds at different immersing times. The structures, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized ZnO NWs have been investigated. The prepared ZnO NWs have an obvious polycrystalline hexangular wurtzite structure and are preferentially oriented along the c-axis (002). FESEM micrographs showed that the prepared ZnO NWs are close to being vertically grown and more densely at higher immersing times. Poly [2-methoxy-5(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene], MEH-PPV, was used as an active layer to prepare three samples of MEH-PPV/ZnO solar cell based on ZnO NWs that were prepared at different immersing times. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.812% was achieved for MEH-PPV/ZnO solar cell prepared at a higher immersing time. The improved efficiency may be attributed to the enhancement of both open-circuit voltage and fill factor.

Key words: ZnO nanowires, two step chemical solution method, structural properties, optical properties, MEH-PPV/ZnO solar cell

References:

[1]	Osterhout S D. Hybrid polymer solar cells based on ZnO. PhD Thesis, Eindhoven Technical University, 2011
[2]	Yaguang W, Chen X, Sheng X, et al. Planar waveguide-nanowire integrated three-dimensional dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett, 2010, 10(6): 2092
[3]	Tredici I G, Resmini A, Yaghmaie F, et al. A simple two-step solution chemistry method for synthesis of micro patterned ZnO nanorods based on metal-loaded hydrogels. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 526: 22
[4]	Ho G W, Wong A S W. One step solution synthesis towards ultra-thin and uniform single-crystalline ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys A, 2007, 86(4): 457
[5]	Yangyang Z, Ram M K, Stefanakos E K, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO nanowires. J Nanomater, 2012, 2012: 20
[6]	Bauer C, Boschloo G. Recombination in Ru(dcbpy)2, sensitized nanostructured ZnO. J Phys Chem B, 2001, 105: 5585
[7]	Myo T H, Minori I. Photoluminescence properties and morphology of submicron-sized ZnO crystals prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Appl Phys, 2008, 47: 541
[8]	Quintana M, Edvinsson T, Hagfeldt A, et al. Comparison of dye-sensitized ZnO and TiO₂ solar cells: studies of change transport and carrier lifetime. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 1035
[9]	Quintana M, Marinado T, Nonomura K, et al. Organic chromophone-sensitized ZnO solar cells: electrolyte-dependent dye desorption and band-edge shifts. J Photochem Photobiol A, 2009, 202: 159
[10]	Gonzalez V I, Lira-Cantu M. Vertically-aligned nanostructures of ZnO for exitonic solar cells. J Energy Environ Sci, 2009, 2: 1
[11]	Chergui Y, Nehaoua N. Photovoltaic characteristics of ZnO nanotube dye-sensitized solar cells and TiO₂ nanostructure. Res Rev: J Mater Sci, 2013, 1(2): 18
[12]	Glushenkov A, Chen Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanowires using ball-milling and annealing method. Mater Forum, 2006, 30: 1
[13]	Al-Asadi A S, Henley L A, Ghosh S, et al. Fabrication and characterization of ultraviolet photosensors from ZnO nanowires prepared using chemical bath deposition method. J Appl Phys, 2016, 119(8): 084306
[14]	Mc Peak K M, Baxte J B. ZnO nanowires grown by chemical bath deposition in a continuous flow microreactor. Cryst Growth Des, 2009, 9(10): 4538
[15]	Chevalier-César C, Capochichi-Gnambodo M. Growth mechanism studies of ZnO nanowire arrays via hydrothermal method. Appl Phys A, 2014, 115(3): 953
[16]	Shim J B, Chang H. rapid hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanowires by annealing methods on seed layers. J Nanomater, 2011, 2011: 25
[17]	García C M, Valdés E D, Mercado A M P, et al. Synthesis of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanowires hydrothermally grown on plastic substrate. Adv Mater Phys Chem, 2012, 2: 56
[18]	Hu L L. Electrochemical growth and characterization of ZnO nanowire. Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014
[19]	Nayak A P, Katzenmeyer A. Sonochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanowire arrays on silicon and glass substrates. Proceedings of The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR), 2010
[20]	Qiu Z, Gong H, Yang X, et al. Phosphorus concentration dependent microstructure and optical property of ZnO nanowires grown by high-pressure pulsed laser deposition. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119(8): 4371
[21]	Shin S, Park J, Seo Y, et al. Selective growth of vertical and horizontal ZnO nanowires for device applications. J Kor Phys Soc, 2008, 53(4): 2011
[22]	Hsueh T J, Chen Y W, Chang S J, et al. ZnO nanowire-based CO sensors prepared at various temperatures. J Electrochem Soc, 2007, 154(12): 393
[23]	Noor R, Riaz S, Naseem S. A comparative study of ZnO thin films, nanowires and nanotubes for photovoltaics applications. The 2012 World Congress onAdvances in Civil, Environmental, and Materials Research (ACEM’ 12), 2012: 26
[24]	Htay M T, Hashimoto Y. Field emission property of ZnO nanowires prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Superlattices Microstruct, 2015, 84: 144
[25]	Karimipour M, Molaei M, Allahyar S. Tunable luminescence of pure ZnO nanowires prepared by microwave irradiation in ethanol. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2016, 27(5): 4771
[26]	Lupan O, Emelchenko G A, Ursaki V V, et al. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanowires for nanosensor applications. Mater Res Bull, 2010, 45(8): 1026
[27]	Kao T H, Chen J Y, Chiu C H, et al. Opto-electrical properties of Sb-doped p-type ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2014, 104(11): 111909
[28]	Lin C C, Lin W H, Li Y Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanowires and their applications as an ultraviolet photodetector. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2009, 9(5): 2813
[29]	Yang X, Chen Z, Xie X, et al. Enhanced response speed of ZnO nanowire photodetector by coating with photoresist. J Nanomater, 2016, 2016: 6
[30]	Zhang X Z, Jian X G, Zhu L W. Materials and devices research of PPV-ZnO nanowires for heterojunction solar cells. J Nanomater, 2012, 2012: 1
[31]	Major J D, Tena-Zaera R, Azaceta E, et al. Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2017, 160: 107
[32]	Tena-Zaera R, Ryan M A, Katty A, et al. Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanowires/CdSe/CuSCN eta-solar cell. C R Chimie, 2009, 9(5/6): 717
[33]	Liu J, Wang S, Bian Z, et al. Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells with vertically oriented ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 94(17): 173107
[34]	Afifi A, Tabatabaei M K. Efficiency investigation of dye-sensitized solar cells based on the zinc oxide nanowires. Orient J Chem, 2014, 30(1): 155
[35]	Kim H, Jeong H, An T K, et al. Hybrid-type quantum-dot cosensitized ZnO nanowire solar cell with enhanced visible-light harvesting. CS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013, 5(2): 268
[36]	Dymshits A, Iagher L, Etgar L. Parameters influencing the growth of ZnO nanowires as efficient low temperature flexible perovskite-based solar cells. Materials, 2016, 9(1): 60
[37]	Zhang M L, Jin F, Zheng M L, et al. High efficiency solar cell based on ZnO nanowire array prepared by different growth methods. RSC Adv, 2014, 4(21): 10462
[38]	Zhang J T, He M, Fu N Q, et al. Facile one-step synthesis of highly branched ZnO nanostructures on titanium foil for flexible dyesensitized solar cells. Nanoscale, 2014, 6: 4211
[39]	Tiwale N. Zinc Oxide nanowire gas sensors: fabrication, functionalisation and devices. Mater Sci Technol, 2015, 31(14): 1681
[40]	Habib M, Hussain S S, Riaz S, et al. Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanowires and their applications in CO₂ gas sensors. Mater Today: Proc, 2015, 2(10): 5714
[41]	Pauporté T, Lupan O, Zhang J, et al. Low-temperature preparation of Ag-doped ZnO nanowire arrays, DFT study, and application to light-emitting diode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(22): 11871
[42]	Ma C, Zhou Z, Wei H, et al. Rapid Large-scale preparation of ZnO nanowires for photocatalytic application. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2011, 6(1): 536
[43]	Zhou Q, Wen J Z, Zhao P, et al. Synthesis of vertically-aligned zinc oxide nanowires and their application as photocatalyst. Nanomaterials, 2017, 7(1): 9
[44]	Momeni M M. One-step synthesis of ZnO nanowires on zinc foils and their photocatalytic properties. Ind J Chem, 2016, 55A: 686
[45]	Mejía-García C, Elvia D, Marco A A, et al. Influence of the hydrothermal method growth parameters on the zinc oxide nanowires deposited on several substrates. J Nanomater, 2014, 2014: 9
[46]	Alaie Z, Mohammad Nejad S, Yousefi M H, et al. The effects of different seed layers and growth time on the quality of ZnO NRs array. Int J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2016, 12(2): 119
[47]	Sagar P, Shishodiaa P K, Mehraa R M, et al. Photoluminescence and absorption in sol–gel-derived ZnO films. J Lumine, 2007, 126: 800
[48]	Aziz N D A, Rusdi R, Kamarulzaman N. Studies of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/MCMB films and their light absorption in the red wavelength region of the visible spectrum. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 545: 308
[49]	Clotaire C C, Martine C G, Fang L, et al. Effect of growth time and annealing on the structural defect concentration of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowires. AIMS Mater Sci, 2016, 3(2): 562
[50]	Xu Z Y, Zhang D H, Wang Q P, et al. The blue photoluminescence emitted from ZnO films deposited on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci, 2002, 195(1–4): 126
[51]	Omer B M. Optical properties of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/[6,6]-Phenyl C61-butyric Acid 3-ethylthiophene ester thin films. J Nano-Electron, 2012, 4(4): 04006
[52]	Shim W H, Park M Y, Park D S, et al. Effect of sol-gel prepared ZnO electron selective layer on the performance of inverted organic solar cells. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst, 2011, 538(1): 164
[53]	Xue Z S, Zhang W, Yin X, et al. Enhanced conversion efficiency of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by optimization of the nanoparticle size with an electrophoretic deposition technique. RSC Adv, 2012, 2: 7074
[54]	Hu F Y, Xia Y J, Guan Z S, et al. Low temperature fabrication of ZnO compact layer for high performance plastic dye-sensitized ZnO solar cells. Electrochim Acta, 2012, 69: 97
[55]	Yang R Y, Chen H Y, Lai F D. Performance degradation of dye-sensitized solar cells induced by electrolytes. Adv Maters Sci Eng, 2012, 2012: 1

[1]	Osterhout S D. Hybrid polymer solar cells based on ZnO. PhD Thesis, Eindhoven Technical University, 2011
[2]	Yaguang W, Chen X, Sheng X, et al. Planar waveguide-nanowire integrated three-dimensional dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett, 2010, 10(6): 2092
[3]	Tredici I G, Resmini A, Yaghmaie F, et al. A simple two-step solution chemistry method for synthesis of micro patterned ZnO nanorods based on metal-loaded hydrogels. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 526: 22
[4]	Ho G W, Wong A S W. One step solution synthesis towards ultra-thin and uniform single-crystalline ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys A, 2007, 86(4): 457
[5]	Yangyang Z, Ram M K, Stefanakos E K, et al. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of ZnO nanowires. J Nanomater, 2012, 2012: 20
[6]	Bauer C, Boschloo G. Recombination in Ru(dcbpy)2, sensitized nanostructured ZnO. J Phys Chem B, 2001, 105: 5585
[7]	Myo T H, Minori I. Photoluminescence properties and morphology of submicron-sized ZnO crystals prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Appl Phys, 2008, 47: 541
[8]	Quintana M, Edvinsson T, Hagfeldt A, et al. Comparison of dye-sensitized ZnO and TiO₂ solar cells: studies of change transport and carrier lifetime. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 1035
[9]	Quintana M, Marinado T, Nonomura K, et al. Organic chromophone-sensitized ZnO solar cells: electrolyte-dependent dye desorption and band-edge shifts. J Photochem Photobiol A, 2009, 202: 159
[10]	Gonzalez V I, Lira-Cantu M. Vertically-aligned nanostructures of ZnO for exitonic solar cells. J Energy Environ Sci, 2009, 2: 1
[11]	Chergui Y, Nehaoua N. Photovoltaic characteristics of ZnO nanotube dye-sensitized solar cells and TiO₂ nanostructure. Res Rev: J Mater Sci, 2013, 1(2): 18
[12]	Glushenkov A, Chen Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanowires using ball-milling and annealing method. Mater Forum, 2006, 30: 1
[13]	Al-Asadi A S, Henley L A, Ghosh S, et al. Fabrication and characterization of ultraviolet photosensors from ZnO nanowires prepared using chemical bath deposition method. J Appl Phys, 2016, 119(8): 084306
[14]	Mc Peak K M, Baxte J B. ZnO nanowires grown by chemical bath deposition in a continuous flow microreactor. Cryst Growth Des, 2009, 9(10): 4538
[15]	Chevalier-César C, Capochichi-Gnambodo M. Growth mechanism studies of ZnO nanowire arrays via hydrothermal method. Appl Phys A, 2014, 115(3): 953
[16]	Shim J B, Chang H. rapid hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanowires by annealing methods on seed layers. J Nanomater, 2011, 2011: 25
[17]	García C M, Valdés E D, Mercado A M P, et al. Synthesis of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanowires hydrothermally grown on plastic substrate. Adv Mater Phys Chem, 2012, 2: 56
[18]	Hu L L. Electrochemical growth and characterization of ZnO nanowire. Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014
[19]	Nayak A P, Katzenmeyer A. Sonochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanowire arrays on silicon and glass substrates. Proceedings of The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (NCUR), 2010
[20]	Qiu Z, Gong H, Yang X, et al. Phosphorus concentration dependent microstructure and optical property of ZnO nanowires grown by high-pressure pulsed laser deposition. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119(8): 4371
[21]	Shin S, Park J, Seo Y, et al. Selective growth of vertical and horizontal ZnO nanowires for device applications. J Kor Phys Soc, 2008, 53(4): 2011
[22]	Hsueh T J, Chen Y W, Chang S J, et al. ZnO nanowire-based CO sensors prepared at various temperatures. J Electrochem Soc, 2007, 154(12): 393
[23]	Noor R, Riaz S, Naseem S. A comparative study of ZnO thin films, nanowires and nanotubes for photovoltaics applications. The 2012 World Congress onAdvances in Civil, Environmental, and Materials Research (ACEM’ 12), 2012: 26
[24]	Htay M T, Hashimoto Y. Field emission property of ZnO nanowires prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Superlattices Microstruct, 2015, 84: 144
[25]	Karimipour M, Molaei M, Allahyar S. Tunable luminescence of pure ZnO nanowires prepared by microwave irradiation in ethanol. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 2016, 27(5): 4771
[26]	Lupan O, Emelchenko G A, Ursaki V V, et al. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanowires for nanosensor applications. Mater Res Bull, 2010, 45(8): 1026
[27]	Kao T H, Chen J Y, Chiu C H, et al. Opto-electrical properties of Sb-doped p-type ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2014, 104(11): 111909
[28]	Lin C C, Lin W H, Li Y Y. Synthesis of ZnO nanowires and their applications as an ultraviolet photodetector. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2009, 9(5): 2813
[29]	Yang X, Chen Z, Xie X, et al. Enhanced response speed of ZnO nanowire photodetector by coating with photoresist. J Nanomater, 2016, 2016: 6
[30]	Zhang X Z, Jian X G, Zhu L W. Materials and devices research of PPV-ZnO nanowires for heterojunction solar cells. J Nanomater, 2012, 2012: 1
[31]	Major J D, Tena-Zaera R, Azaceta E, et al. Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2017, 160: 107
[32]	Tena-Zaera R, Ryan M A, Katty A, et al. Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanowires/CdSe/CuSCN eta-solar cell. C R Chimie, 2009, 9(5/6): 717
[33]	Liu J, Wang S, Bian Z, et al. Organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells with vertically oriented ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 94(17): 173107
[34]	Afifi A, Tabatabaei M K. Efficiency investigation of dye-sensitized solar cells based on the zinc oxide nanowires. Orient J Chem, 2014, 30(1): 155
[35]	Kim H, Jeong H, An T K, et al. Hybrid-type quantum-dot cosensitized ZnO nanowire solar cell with enhanced visible-light harvesting. CS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013, 5(2): 268
[36]	Dymshits A, Iagher L, Etgar L. Parameters influencing the growth of ZnO nanowires as efficient low temperature flexible perovskite-based solar cells. Materials, 2016, 9(1): 60
[37]	Zhang M L, Jin F, Zheng M L, et al. High efficiency solar cell based on ZnO nanowire array prepared by different growth methods. RSC Adv, 2014, 4(21): 10462
[38]	Zhang J T, He M, Fu N Q, et al. Facile one-step synthesis of highly branched ZnO nanostructures on titanium foil for flexible dyesensitized solar cells. Nanoscale, 2014, 6: 4211
[39]	Tiwale N. Zinc Oxide nanowire gas sensors: fabrication, functionalisation and devices. Mater Sci Technol, 2015, 31(14): 1681
[40]	Habib M, Hussain S S, Riaz S, et al. Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanowires and their applications in CO₂ gas sensors. Mater Today: Proc, 2015, 2(10): 5714
[41]	Pauporté T, Lupan O, Zhang J, et al. Low-temperature preparation of Ag-doped ZnO nanowire arrays, DFT study, and application to light-emitting diode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(22): 11871
[42]	Ma C, Zhou Z, Wei H, et al. Rapid Large-scale preparation of ZnO nanowires for photocatalytic application. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2011, 6(1): 536
[43]	Zhou Q, Wen J Z, Zhao P, et al. Synthesis of vertically-aligned zinc oxide nanowires and their application as photocatalyst. Nanomaterials, 2017, 7(1): 9
[44]	Momeni M M. One-step synthesis of ZnO nanowires on zinc foils and their photocatalytic properties. Ind J Chem, 2016, 55A: 686
[45]	Mejía-García C, Elvia D, Marco A A, et al. Influence of the hydrothermal method growth parameters on the zinc oxide nanowires deposited on several substrates. J Nanomater, 2014, 2014: 9
[46]	Alaie Z, Mohammad Nejad S, Yousefi M H, et al. The effects of different seed layers and growth time on the quality of ZnO NRs array. Int J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2016, 12(2): 119
[47]	Sagar P, Shishodiaa P K, Mehraa R M, et al. Photoluminescence and absorption in sol–gel-derived ZnO films. J Lumine, 2007, 126: 800
[48]	Aziz N D A, Rusdi R, Kamarulzaman N. Studies of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/MCMB films and their light absorption in the red wavelength region of the visible spectrum. Adv Mater Res, 2012, 545: 308
[49]	Clotaire C C, Martine C G, Fang L, et al. Effect of growth time and annealing on the structural defect concentration of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanowires. AIMS Mater Sci, 2016, 3(2): 562
[50]	Xu Z Y, Zhang D H, Wang Q P, et al. The blue photoluminescence emitted from ZnO films deposited on glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci, 2002, 195(1–4): 126
[51]	Omer B M. Optical properties of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/[6,6]-Phenyl C61-butyric Acid 3-ethylthiophene ester thin films. J Nano-Electron, 2012, 4(4): 04006
[52]	Shim W H, Park M Y, Park D S, et al. Effect of sol-gel prepared ZnO electron selective layer on the performance of inverted organic solar cells. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst, 2011, 538(1): 164
[53]	Xue Z S, Zhang W, Yin X, et al. Enhanced conversion efficiency of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by optimization of the nanoparticle size with an electrophoretic deposition technique. RSC Adv, 2012, 2: 7074
[54]	Hu F Y, Xia Y J, Guan Z S, et al. Low temperature fabrication of ZnO compact layer for high performance plastic dye-sensitized ZnO solar cells. Electrochim Acta, 2012, 69: 97
[55]	Yang R Y, Chen H Y, Lai F D. Performance degradation of dye-sensitized solar cells induced by electrolytes. Adv Maters Sci Eng, 2012, 2012: 1

[1]	Sonet Kumar Saha, M. Azizar Rahman, M. R. H. Sarkar, M. Shahjahan, M. K. R. Khan. Effect of Co doping on structural, optical, electrical and thermal properties of nanostructured ZnO thin films. J. Semicond., 2015, 36(3): 033004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/3/033004
[2]	P Mallika Bramaramba Devi, G. Phaneendra Reddy, K. T. Ramakrishna Reddy. Structural and optical studies on PVA capped SnS films grown by chemical bath deposition for solar cell application. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(5): 052101. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/5/052101
[3]	Yao Zhaohui, Chen Tingjin, Xia Chaofeng, Yuan Hairong, Liu Zuming, Liao Hua, Wang Fan. Structural and Optical Properties of CdTe Thin Films on Glass Grown by Hot Wall Vacuum Deposition. J. Semicond., 2006, 27(7): 1236.
[4]	Zheng Yongping, Chen Zhigao, Lu Yu, Wu Qingyun, Weng Zhenzhen, Huang Zhigao. Influence of Be-Doping on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of ZnO. J. Semicond., 2008, 29(12): 2316.
[5]	Mihir M. Vora, Aditya M. Vora. Effect of rhenium doping on various physical properties of single crystals of MoSe₂. J. Semicond., 2012, 33(1): 012001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/33/1/012001
[6]	Wang Li, Pu Yong, Fang Wenqing, Mo Chunlan, Xiong Chuanbing, Jiang Fengyi. Effect of Surface-Covered Annealing on the Optical Properties of ZnO Films Grown by MOCVD. J. Semicond., 2003, 24(3): 409.
[7]	Zuo Chunying, Wen Jing, Zhong Cheng. First-principles study of the electronic structures and optical properties of C–F–Be doped wurtzite ZnO. J. Semicond., 2012, 33(7): 072001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/33/7/072001
[8]	Deng Hong, Tang Bin, Cheng He, Wei Min, Chen Jinju. Horizontal Growth and Ultraviolet Sensitivity Characteristics of ZnO Nanowires on Sapphire Substrates. J. Semicond., 2007, 28(1): 56.
[9]	Fuxue Wang, Xiaolong Cai, Dawei Yan, Zhaomin Zhu, Xiaofeng Gu. Luminescence properties of tetrapod ZnO nanostructures. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(6): 063004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/6/063004
[10]	Soumaia Djaadi, Kamal Eddine Aiadi, Sofiane Mahtout. First principles study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of SnGe_n^{(0, ±1)} (n = 1–17) clusters. J. Semicond., 2018, 39(4): 042001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/4/042001
[11]	M. Mousavi, A. Kompany, N. Shahtahmasebi, M.M. Bagheri-Mohagheghi. The effect of solution concentration on the physical and electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide films deposited by spray pyrolysis. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(10): 103001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/103001
[12]	M. Benaida, K. E. Aiadi, S. Mahtout, S. Djaadi, W. Rammal, M. Harb. Growth behavior and electronic properties of Ge_{n + 1} and AsGe_n (n = 1–20) clusters: a DFT study. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(3): 032101. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/3/032101
[13]	Wanjun Yan, Chunhong Zhang, Zhongzheng Zhang, Quan Xie, Benhua Guo, Shiyun Zhou. The optical-electrical properties of doped β-FeSi₂. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(10): 103003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/103003
[14]	Jiuxu Song, Yintang Yang, Ping Wang, Lixin Guo, Zhiyong Zhang. Electronic structures and optical properties of a SiC nanotube with vacancy defects. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(2): 022001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/2/022001
[15]	J.V. Thombare, M.C. Rath, S.H. Han, V.J. Fulari. The influence of monomer concentration on the optical properties of electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole thin films. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(10): 103002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/103002
[16]	Yan Wanjun, Xie Quan. First Principle Calculation of the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Impurity-Doped β-FeSi2 Semiconductors. J. Semicond., 2008, 29(6): 1141.
[17]	Zhao Zongyan, Liu Qingju, Zhu Zhongqi, Zhang Jin. First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Anatase TiO2. J. Semicond., 2007, 28(10): 1555.
[18]	Yingce Yan, Qi Wang, Huifang Ma. First principles calculations of electronic and optical properties of GaN_1-xBi_x alloys. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(12): 122002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/12/122002
[19]	Guili Liu, Yan Jiang, Yuanyuan Song, Shuang Zhou, Tianshuang Wang. Influence of tension-twisting deformations and defects on optical and electrical properties of B, N doped carbon nanotube superlattices. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(6): 063004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/6/063004
[20]	Zhuomao Zhu, Baoan Bian, Haifeng Shi. Effect of N and Fe codoping on the electronic structure and optical properties of TiO₂ from first-principles study. J. Semicond., 2015, 36(10): 102003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/10/102003

Search

GET CITATION

F. A. Mahmoud, N Ahmed, Elaboration of ZnO nanowires by solution based method, characterization and solar cell applications[J]. J. Semicond., 2018, 39(9): 093002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/9/093002.

Export: BibTex EndNote

Article Metrics

Article views: 2407 Times PDF downloads: 97 Times Cited by: 0 Times

History

Manuscript received: 18 December 2017 Manuscript revised: 02 April 2018 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 05 July 2018 Uncorrected proof: 03 August 2018 Published: 01 September 2018

Elaboration of ZnO nanowires by solution based method, characterization and solar cell applications

Search

GET CITATION

Share:

Article Metrics

History

Email This Article