B Gu, High temperature magnetic semiconductors: narrow band gaps and two-dimensional systems[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(8): 081504. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/8/081504.
Abstract: Magnetic semiconductors have been demonstrated to work at low temperatures, but not yet at room temperature for spin electronic applications. In contrast to the p-type diluted magnetic semiconductors, n-type diluted magnetic semiconductors are few. Using a combined method of the density function theory and quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we briefly discuss the recent progress to obtain diluted magnetic semiconductors with both p- and n-type carriers by choosing host semiconductors with a narrow band gap. In addition, the recent progress on two-dimensional intrinsic magnetic semiconductors with possible room temperature ferromangetism and quantum anomalous Hall effect are also discussed.
Key words: magnetic semiconductor, narrow band gap, two dimensional systems
Abstract: Magnetic semiconductors have been demonstrated to work at low temperatures, but not yet at room temperature for spin electronic applications. In contrast to the p-type diluted magnetic semiconductors, n-type diluted magnetic semiconductors are few. Using a combined method of the density function theory and quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we briefly discuss the recent progress to obtain diluted magnetic semiconductors with both p- and n-type carriers by choosing host semiconductors with a narrow band gap. In addition, the recent progress on two-dimensional intrinsic magnetic semiconductors with possible room temperature ferromangetism and quantum anomalous Hall effect are also discussed.
Key words:
magnetic semiconductor, narrow band gap, two dimensional systems
References:
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Maekawa S, Valenzuela S O, Saitoh E, et al. Spin current. Oxford University Press, 2012 |
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Kenney D, Norman C. What don’t we know. Science, 2005, 309, 75 |
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Ohno H. Making nonmagnetic semiconductors ferromagnetic. Science, 1998, 281, 951 |
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Dietl T. A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat Mater, 2010, 9, 965 |
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Chen L, Yang X, Yang F, et al. Enhancing the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As to 200 K via nanostructure engineering. Nano Lett, 2011, 11, 2584 |
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Masek J, Kudrnovsky J, Maca F, et al. Dilute moment n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)As. Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 98, 067202 |
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Deng Z, Jin C Q, Liu Q Q, et al. Li(Zn,Mn)As as a new generation ferromagnet based on a I–II–V semiconductor. Nat Commun, 2011, 2, 422 |
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Deng Z, Zhao K, Gu B, et al. Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)P with decoupled charge and spin doping. Phys Rev B, 2013, 88, 081203 |
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Ding C, Man H, Qin C, et al. (La1– xBa x)(Zn1– xMn x)AsO: A two-dimensional 1111-type diluted magnetic semiconductor in bulk form. Phys Rev B, 2013, 88, 041102 |
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Zhao K, Deng Z, Wang X C, et al. New diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with Curie temperature up to 180 K and isostructural to the 122 iron-based superconductors. Nat Commun, 2013, 4, 1442 |
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Zhao K, Chen B J, Zhao G Q, et al. Ferromagnetism at 230 K in (Ba0.7K0.3)(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2 diluted magnetic semiconductor. Chin Sci Bull, 2014, 59, 2524 |
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Glasbrenner J K, Zutic I, Mazin I I. Theory of Mn-doped II–II–V semiconductors. Phys Rev B, 2014, 90, 140403 |
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Suzuki H, Zhao K, Shibata G, et al. Photoemission and X-ray absorption studies of the isostructural to Fe-based superconductors diluted magnetic semiconductor Ba1– xK x(Zn1– yMn y)2As2. Phys Rev B, 2015, 91, 140401 |
[15] |
Suzuki H, Zhao G Q, Zhao K, et al. Fermi surfaces and p-d hybridization in the diluted magnetic semiconductor Ba1– xK x- (Zn1– yMn y)2As2 studied by soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev B, 2015, 92, 235120 |
[16] |
Guo S, Man H, Ding C, et al. Ba(Zn,Co)2As2: A diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with n-type carriers and isostructural to 122 iron-based superconductors. Phys Rev B, 2019, 99, 155201 |
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Gu B, Maekawa S. Diluted magnetic semiconductors with narrow band gaps. Phys Rev B, 2016, 94, 155202 |
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Gu B, Maekawa S. New p- and n-type ferromagnetic semiconductors: Cr-doped BaZn2As2. AIP Adv, 2017, 7, 055805 |
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Gu B, Bulut N, Maekawa S. Crystal structure effect on the ferromagnetic correlations in ZnO with magnetic impurities. J Appl Phys, 2008, 104, 103906 |
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Ohe J, Tomoda Y, Bulut N, et al. Combined approach of density functional theory and quantum Monte Carlo method to electron correlation in dilute magnetic semiconductors. J Phys Soc Jpn, 2009, 78, 083703 |
[21] |
Gu B, Bulut, Ziman N T, et al. Possible d0 ferromagnetism in MgO doped with nitrogen. Phys Rev B, 2009, 79, 024407 |
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Ichimura M, Tanikawa K, Takahashi S, et al. Foundations of quantum mechanics in the light of new technology. Edited by S Ishioka, K Fujikawa. Singapore: World Scientific, 2006, 183 |
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Bulut N, Tanikawa K, Takahashi S, et al. Long-range ferromagnetic correlations between Anderson impurities in a semiconductor host: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Rev B, 2007, 76, 045220 |
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Tomoda Y, Bulut N, Maekawa S. Inter-impurity and impurity-host magnetic correlations in semiconductors with low-density transition-metal impurities. Physica B, 2009, 404, 1159 |
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Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, et al. Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit. Nature, 2017, 546, 270 |
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Gong C, Li L, Li Z, et al. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals. Nature, 2017, 546, 265 |
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Bonilla M, Kolekar S, Ma Y, et al. Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der Waals substrates. Nat Nanotechnol, 2018, 13, 289 |
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O’Hara D J, Zhu T, Trout A H, et al. Room temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in epitaxial manganese selenide films in the monolayer limit. Nano Lett, 2018, 18, 3125 |
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Hohenberg P, Kohn W. Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys Rev, 1964, 136, B864 |
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Kohn W, Sham L J. Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys Rev, 1965, 140, A1133 |
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Hirsch J E, Fye R M. Monte Carlo method for magnetic impurities in metals. Phys Rev Lett, 1986, 56, 2521 |
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Gu B, Gan J Y, Bulut N, et al. Quantum renormalization of the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105, 086401 |
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Gu B, Sugai I, Ziman T, et al. Surface-assisted spin Hall effect in Au films with Pt impurities. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105, 216401 |
[34] |
Xu Z, Gu B, Mori M, et al. Sign change of the spin Hall effect due to electron correlation in nonmagnetic CuIr alloys. Phys Rev Lett, 2015, 114, 017202 |
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Haldane F D M, Anderson P W. Simple model of multiple charge states of transition-metal impurities in semiconductors. Phys Rev B, 1976, 13, 2553 |
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Blaha P, Schwart K, Hadsen G K H, et al. WIEN2K, an augmented plane wave plus local orbitals program for calculating crystal properties. Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 2001 |
[37] |
Tran F, Blaha P. Implementation of screened hybrid functionals based on the Yukawa potential within the LAPW basis set. Phys Rev B, 2011, 83, 235118 |
[38] |
Shein I R, Ivanovskii A L. Elastic, electronic properties and intra-atomic bonding in orthorhombic and tetragonal polymorphs of BaZn2As2 from first-principles calculations. J Alloys Compd, 2014, 583, 100 |
[39] |
Dong X J, You J Y, Gu B, et al. Strain-induced room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors with large anomalous Hall conductivity in two-dimensional Cr2Ge2Se6. Phys Rev Appl, 2019, 12, 014020 |
[40] |
You J Y, Zhang Z, Gu B, et al. Two-dimensional room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors with quantum anomalous Hall effect. arXiv: 1904.11357 |
[41] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. High-temperature ferromagnetism in heavily Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb. Appl Phys Lett, 2016, 108, 192401 |
[42] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. A new class of ferromagnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures. arXiv: 1706.00735 |
[43] |
Kudrin A V, Danilov Y A, Lesnikov V P, et al. High-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in the (In,Fe)Sb semiconductor. J Appl Phys, 2017, 122, 183901 |
[44] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. Electrical control of ferromagnetism in the n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)Sb with high Curie temperature. Appl Phys Lett, 2018, 112, 122409 |
[45] |
Burch K S, Mandrus D, Park J G. Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials. Nature, 2018, 563, 47 |
[1] |
Maekawa S. Concepts in spin electronics. Oxford University Press, 2006 |
[2] |
Maekawa S, Valenzuela S O, Saitoh E, et al. Spin current. Oxford University Press, 2012 |
[3] |
Kenney D, Norman C. What don’t we know. Science, 2005, 309, 75 |
[4] |
Ohno H. Making nonmagnetic semiconductors ferromagnetic. Science, 1998, 281, 951 |
[5] |
Dietl T. A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat Mater, 2010, 9, 965 |
[6] |
Chen L, Yang X, Yang F, et al. Enhancing the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As to 200 K via nanostructure engineering. Nano Lett, 2011, 11, 2584 |
[7] |
Masek J, Kudrnovsky J, Maca F, et al. Dilute moment n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)As. Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 98, 067202 |
[8] |
Deng Z, Jin C Q, Liu Q Q, et al. Li(Zn,Mn)As as a new generation ferromagnet based on a I–II–V semiconductor. Nat Commun, 2011, 2, 422 |
[9] |
Deng Z, Zhao K, Gu B, et al. Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)P with decoupled charge and spin doping. Phys Rev B, 2013, 88, 081203 |
[10] |
Ding C, Man H, Qin C, et al. (La1– xBa x)(Zn1– xMn x)AsO: A two-dimensional 1111-type diluted magnetic semiconductor in bulk form. Phys Rev B, 2013, 88, 041102 |
[11] |
Zhao K, Deng Z, Wang X C, et al. New diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with Curie temperature up to 180 K and isostructural to the 122 iron-based superconductors. Nat Commun, 2013, 4, 1442 |
[12] |
Zhao K, Chen B J, Zhao G Q, et al. Ferromagnetism at 230 K in (Ba0.7K0.3)(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2 diluted magnetic semiconductor. Chin Sci Bull, 2014, 59, 2524 |
[13] |
Glasbrenner J K, Zutic I, Mazin I I. Theory of Mn-doped II–II–V semiconductors. Phys Rev B, 2014, 90, 140403 |
[14] |
Suzuki H, Zhao K, Shibata G, et al. Photoemission and X-ray absorption studies of the isostructural to Fe-based superconductors diluted magnetic semiconductor Ba1– xK x(Zn1– yMn y)2As2. Phys Rev B, 2015, 91, 140401 |
[15] |
Suzuki H, Zhao G Q, Zhao K, et al. Fermi surfaces and p-d hybridization in the diluted magnetic semiconductor Ba1– xK x- (Zn1– yMn y)2As2 studied by soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev B, 2015, 92, 235120 |
[16] |
Guo S, Man H, Ding C, et al. Ba(Zn,Co)2As2: A diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with n-type carriers and isostructural to 122 iron-based superconductors. Phys Rev B, 2019, 99, 155201 |
[17] |
Gu B, Maekawa S. Diluted magnetic semiconductors with narrow band gaps. Phys Rev B, 2016, 94, 155202 |
[18] |
Gu B, Maekawa S. New p- and n-type ferromagnetic semiconductors: Cr-doped BaZn2As2. AIP Adv, 2017, 7, 055805 |
[19] |
Gu B, Bulut N, Maekawa S. Crystal structure effect on the ferromagnetic correlations in ZnO with magnetic impurities. J Appl Phys, 2008, 104, 103906 |
[20] |
Ohe J, Tomoda Y, Bulut N, et al. Combined approach of density functional theory and quantum Monte Carlo method to electron correlation in dilute magnetic semiconductors. J Phys Soc Jpn, 2009, 78, 083703 |
[21] |
Gu B, Bulut, Ziman N T, et al. Possible d0 ferromagnetism in MgO doped with nitrogen. Phys Rev B, 2009, 79, 024407 |
[22] |
Ichimura M, Tanikawa K, Takahashi S, et al. Foundations of quantum mechanics in the light of new technology. Edited by S Ishioka, K Fujikawa. Singapore: World Scientific, 2006, 183 |
[23] |
Bulut N, Tanikawa K, Takahashi S, et al. Long-range ferromagnetic correlations between Anderson impurities in a semiconductor host: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Rev B, 2007, 76, 045220 |
[24] |
Tomoda Y, Bulut N, Maekawa S. Inter-impurity and impurity-host magnetic correlations in semiconductors with low-density transition-metal impurities. Physica B, 2009, 404, 1159 |
[25] |
Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, et al. Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit. Nature, 2017, 546, 270 |
[26] |
Gong C, Li L, Li Z, et al. Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals. Nature, 2017, 546, 265 |
[27] |
Bonilla M, Kolekar S, Ma Y, et al. Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der Waals substrates. Nat Nanotechnol, 2018, 13, 289 |
[28] |
O’Hara D J, Zhu T, Trout A H, et al. Room temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in epitaxial manganese selenide films in the monolayer limit. Nano Lett, 2018, 18, 3125 |
[29] |
Hohenberg P, Kohn W. Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys Rev, 1964, 136, B864 |
[30] |
Kohn W, Sham L J. Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys Rev, 1965, 140, A1133 |
[31] |
Hirsch J E, Fye R M. Monte Carlo method for magnetic impurities in metals. Phys Rev Lett, 1986, 56, 2521 |
[32] |
Gu B, Gan J Y, Bulut N, et al. Quantum renormalization of the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105, 086401 |
[33] |
Gu B, Sugai I, Ziman T, et al. Surface-assisted spin Hall effect in Au films with Pt impurities. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105, 216401 |
[34] |
Xu Z, Gu B, Mori M, et al. Sign change of the spin Hall effect due to electron correlation in nonmagnetic CuIr alloys. Phys Rev Lett, 2015, 114, 017202 |
[35] |
Haldane F D M, Anderson P W. Simple model of multiple charge states of transition-metal impurities in semiconductors. Phys Rev B, 1976, 13, 2553 |
[36] |
Blaha P, Schwart K, Hadsen G K H, et al. WIEN2K, an augmented plane wave plus local orbitals program for calculating crystal properties. Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 2001 |
[37] |
Tran F, Blaha P. Implementation of screened hybrid functionals based on the Yukawa potential within the LAPW basis set. Phys Rev B, 2011, 83, 235118 |
[38] |
Shein I R, Ivanovskii A L. Elastic, electronic properties and intra-atomic bonding in orthorhombic and tetragonal polymorphs of BaZn2As2 from first-principles calculations. J Alloys Compd, 2014, 583, 100 |
[39] |
Dong X J, You J Y, Gu B, et al. Strain-induced room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors with large anomalous Hall conductivity in two-dimensional Cr2Ge2Se6. Phys Rev Appl, 2019, 12, 014020 |
[40] |
You J Y, Zhang Z, Gu B, et al. Two-dimensional room temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors with quantum anomalous Hall effect. arXiv: 1904.11357 |
[41] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. High-temperature ferromagnetism in heavily Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb. Appl Phys Lett, 2016, 108, 192401 |
[42] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. A new class of ferromagnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperatures. arXiv: 1706.00735 |
[43] |
Kudrin A V, Danilov Y A, Lesnikov V P, et al. High-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism in the (In,Fe)Sb semiconductor. J Appl Phys, 2017, 122, 183901 |
[44] |
Tu N T, Hai P N, Anh L D, et al. Electrical control of ferromagnetism in the n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor (In,Fe)Sb with high Curie temperature. Appl Phys Lett, 2018, 112, 122409 |
[45] |
Burch K S, Mandrus D, Park J G. Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials. Nature, 2018, 563, 47 |
B Gu, High temperature magnetic semiconductors: narrow band gaps and two-dimensional systems[J]. J. Semicond., 2019, 40(8): 081504. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/8/081504.
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Manuscript received: 05 June 2019 Manuscript revised: 14 June 2019 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 10 July 2019 Uncorrected proof: 10 July 2019 Published: 09 August 2019
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