Guoping Luo 1, , Yingmei Bian 1, , Ruifeng Wu 1, , Guoxia Lai 1, , Xiangfu Xu 1, , Weiwei Zhang 2, and Xingyuan Chen 1, ,
Abstract: Based on the density functional theory, the energy band and electronic structure of β-CuGaO2 are calculated by the modified Becke-Johnson plus an on-site Coulomb U (MBJ + U) approach in this paper. The calculated results show that the band gap value of β-CuGaO2 obtained by the MBJ + U approach is close to the experimental value. The calculated results of electronic structure indicate that the main properties of the material are determined by the bond between Cu-3d and O-2p energy levels near the valence band of β-CuGaO2, while a weak anti-bond combination is formed mainly by the O-2p energy level and Ga-4s energy level near the bottom of the conduction band of β-CuGaO2. The β-CuGaO2 thin film is predicted to hold excellent photovoltaic performance by analysis of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) method. At the same time, the calculated maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the ideal CuGaO2 solar cell is 32.4%. Relevant conclusions can expand β-CuGaO2 photovoltaic applications.
Key words: first principles, β-CuGaO2, electronic structure, photovoltaic properties
Abstract: Based on the density functional theory, the energy band and electronic structure of β-CuGaO2 are calculated by the modified Becke-Johnson plus an on-site Coulomb U (MBJ + U) approach in this paper. The calculated results show that the band gap value of β-CuGaO2 obtained by the MBJ + U approach is close to the experimental value. The calculated results of electronic structure indicate that the main properties of the material are determined by the bond between Cu-3d and O-2p energy levels near the valence band of β-CuGaO2, while a weak anti-bond combination is formed mainly by the O-2p energy level and Ga-4s energy level near the bottom of the conduction band of β-CuGaO2. The β-CuGaO2 thin film is predicted to hold excellent photovoltaic performance by analysis of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) method. At the same time, the calculated maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the ideal CuGaO2 solar cell is 32.4%. Relevant conclusions can expand β-CuGaO2 photovoltaic applications.
Key words:
first principles, β-CuGaO2, electronic structure, photovoltaic properties
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| [1] |
Ellmer K. Past achievements and future challenges in the development of optically transparent electrodes. Nat Photonics, 2012, 6(12), 809 |
| [2] |
Minami T. Transparent conducting oxide semiconductors for transparent electrodes. Semicond Sci Tech, 2005, 20(4), S35 |
| [3] |
Klingshirn C. The luminescence of ZnO under high one- and two-quantum excitation. Phys Status Solidi B, 1975, 71(2), 547 |
| [4] |
Tang H, Prasad K, Sanjines R, et al. Electrical and optical properties of TiO2 anatase thin films. J Appl Phys, 1994, 75(4), 2042 |
| [5] |
Baumeister P W. Optical absorption of cuprous oxide. Phys Rev, 1961, 121(2), 359 |
| [6] |
Omata T, Nagatani H, Suzuki I, et al. Wurtzite-derived ternary I–III–O2 semiconductors. Sci Tech Adv Mater, 2015, 16(2), 024902 |
| [7] |
Omata T, Nagatani H, Suzuki I, et al. Wurtzite CuGaO2: A new direct and narrow band gap oxide semiconductor applicable as a solar cell absorber. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136(9), 3378 |
| [8] |
Song S, Kim D, Jang H M, et al. β-CuGaO2 as a strong candidate material for efficient ferroelectric photovoltaics. Chem Mater, 2017, 29(17), 7596 |
| [9] |
Berglund C N, Braun H J. Optical absorption in single-domain ferroelectric barium titanate. Phys Rev, 1967, 164(2), 790 |
| [10] |
Ji W, Yao K, Liang Y C. Bulk photovoltaic effect at visible wavelength in epitaxial ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films. Adv Mater, 2010, 22(15), 1763 |
| [11] |
Okumura H, Sato K, Kakeshita T. Electronic structure, defect formation energy, and photovoltaic properties of wurtzite-derived CuGaO2. J Appl Phys, 2018, 123(16), 161584 |
| [12] |
Wang L, Maxisch T, Ceder G. Oxidation energies of transition metal oxides within the GGA + U framework. Phys Rev B, 2006, 73(19), 195107 |
| [13] |
Suzuki I, Nagatani H, Kita M, et al. First principles calculations of ternary wurtzite β-CuGaO2. J Appl Phys, 2016, 119(9), 095701 |
| [14] |
Heyd J, Scuseria G E, Ernzerhof M. Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential. J Chem Phys, 2003, 118(18), 8207 |
| [15] |
Shishkin M, Kresse G. Implementation and performance of the frequency-dependent GW method within the PAW framework. Phys Rev B, 2006, 74(3), 035101 |
| [16] |
Hafner J. Ab-initio simulations of materials using VASP: Density-functional theory and beyond. J Comput Chem, 2008, 29(13), 2044 |
| [17] |
Yu L, Zunger A. Identification of potential photovoltaic absorbers based on first-principles spectroscopic screening of materials. Phys Rev Lett, 2012, 108(6), 068701 |
| [18] |
Kresse G, Furthmüller J. Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set. Comput Mater Sci, 1996, 6(1), 15 |
| [19] |
Kresse G, Joubert D. From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method. Phys Rev B, 1999, 59, 1758 |
| [20] |
Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys Rev Lett, 1996, 77, 3865 |
| [21] |
Liechtenstein A I, Anisimov V I, Zaanen J. Density-functional theory and strong interactions: Orbital ordering in Mott-Hubbard insulators. Phys Rev B, 1995, 52(8), R5467 |
| [22] |
Becke A D, Johnson E R. A simple effective potential for exchange. J Chem Phys, 2006, 124, 221101 |
| [23] |
Tran F, Blaha P. Accurate band gaps of semiconductors and insulators with a semilocal exchange-correlation potential. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 102(22), 226401 |
| [24] |
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xi L, et al. Electronic structure of antifluorite Cu2X (X = S, Se, Te) within the modified Becke-Johnson potential plus an on-site Coulomb U. J Chem Phys, 2014, 140(7), 074702 |
| [25] |
Shockley W, Queisser H J. Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J Appl Phys, 1961, 32(3), 510 |
| [26] |
Huang X, Paudel T R, Dong S, et al. Hexagonal rare-earth manganites as promising photovoltaics and light polarizers. Phys Rev B, 2015, 92(12), 125201 |
| [27] |
Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 45). Prog Photovolt: Res Appl, 2015, 23(1), 1 |
G P Luo, Y M Bian, R F Wu, G X Lai, X F Xu, W W Zhang, X Y Chen, First principles study of the electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of β-CuGaO2 with MBJ + U approach[J]. J. Semicond., 2020, 41(10): 102102. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/10/102102.
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Manuscript received: 12 December 2019 Manuscript revised: 13 January 2020 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 26 February 2020 Uncorrected proof: 27 February 2020 Published: 01 October 2020
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