A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application

Yun Gui; Xu Zhang; Yuan Wang; Ming Liu; Weihua Pei; Kai Liang; Suibiao Huang; Bin Li; Hongda Chen

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009

J. Semicond. > 2013, Volume 34 > Issue 10 > 105009

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application

Yun Gui¹, Xu Zhang^1,, Yuan Wang¹, Ming Liu¹, Weihua Pei¹, Kai Liang², Suibiao Huang², Bin Li² and Hongda Chen¹

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author: Zhang Xu, zhangxu@semi.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009

Abstract: A multi-channel, fully differential programmable chip for neural recording application is presented. The integrated circuit incorporates eight neural recording amplifiers with tunable bandwidth and gain, eight 4th-order Bessel switch capacitor filters, an 8-to-1 analog time-division multiplexer, a fully differential successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), and a serial peripheral interface for communication. The neural recording amplifier presents a programmable gain from 53 dB to 68 dB, a tunable low cut-off frequency from 0.1 Hz to 300 Hz, and 3.77 μV_rms input-referred noise over a 5 kHz bandwidth. The SAR ADC digitizes signals at maximum sampling rate of 20 kS/s per channel and achieves an ENOB of 7.4. The integrated circuit is designed and fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS mix-signal process. We successfully performed a multi-channel in-vivo recording experiment from a rat cortex using the neural recording chip.

Key words: neural recording system, multi-channel, preamplifier, programmable gain amplifier, switch capacitor filter, time-division multiplexer, SAR ADC, in vivo recording

References

[1]	Mountcastle V B. Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol, 1957, 20(4):408 http://jn.physiology.org/content/20/4/408
[2]	Hubel D H, Wiesel T N. Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex. J Physiol, 1959, 148(3):574 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006308
[3]	Pei W, Zhu L, Wang S, et al. Multi-channel micro neural probe fabricated with SOI. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 52(5):1187 doi: 10.1007/s11431-008-0272-9?no-access=true
[4]	Zhao H, Pei W, Chen S, et al. A composite insulation structure for silicon-based planar neuroprobes. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55(9):2436 doi: 10.1007/s11431-012-4856-z
[5]	Rousche P J, Pellinen D S, Pivin D P, et al. Flexible polyimide-based intracortical electrode arrays with bioactive capability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2001, 48(3):361 doi: 10.1109/10.914800
[6]	Li X, Pei W, Tang R, et al. Investigation of flexible electrodes modified by TiN, Pt black and IrOx. Sci China Tech Sci, 2011, 54(9):2305 doi: 10.1007/s11431-011-4436-7
[7]	Aziz J, Abdelhalim K, Shulyzki R, et al. 256-channel neural recording and delta compression microsystem with 3D electrodes. IEEE J Solid-State Circ, 2009, 44(3):995 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2010997
[8]	Harrison R R, Kier R J, Chestek C A, et al. Wireless neural recording with single low-power integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2009, 17(4):322 doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2009.2023298
[9]	Sodagar A, Wise K D, Najafi K. A wireless implantable microsystem for multichannel neural recording. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, 2009, 57(10):2565 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2029957
[10]	Dumortier C, Gosselin B, Sawan M. Wavelet transforms dedicated to compress recorded ENGs from multichannel implants:comparative architectural study. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2006:2129 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1693038/?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=1693038&openedRefinements%3D*%26filter%3DAND(AND(AND(NOT(4283010803)),AND(NOT(4283010803))),AND(NOT(4283010803)))%26pageNumber%3D11%26rowsPerPage%3D100%26queryText%3D(real%20discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%20rdwt%20de)
[11]	Horiuchi T, Swindell T, Sander D, et al. A low-power CMOS neural amplifier with amplitude measurements for spike sorting. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2004, 4:29 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1328932/
[12]	O'Driscoll S, Meng T H, Shenoy K V, et al. Neurons to silicon:implantable prosthesis processor. Proc of IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf, 2006:2248 https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.ieee-art-000001696287
[13]	Harrison R R, Charles C. A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(6):958 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.811979
[14]	Chae M S, Liu W, Sivaprakasam M. Design optimization for integrated neural recording systems. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2008, 43(9):1931 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2001877
[15]	Zhang X. Studies on application specific integrated circuits for neural interfaces. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree, Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010, 70
[16]	Zhang X, Pei W, Huang B, et al. A low-noise fully-differential CMOS preamplifier for neural recording applications. Sci China Inf Sci, 2012, 55(2):441 doi: 10.1007/s11432-011-4333-5
[17]	Olsson R Ⅲ, Buhl D, Sirota A, et al. Band-tunable and multiplexed integrated circuits for simultaneous recording and stimulation with microelectrode arrays. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2005, 52(7):1303 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2005.847540
[18]	Guillory K S, Normann R A, A 100-channel system for real time detection and storage of extracellular spike waveforms. J Neurosci Methods, 1999, 91(1):21 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502709900076X?via%3Dihub
[19]	Culurciello E, Andreou A. An 8-bit, 1 mW successive approximation ADC in SOI CMOS. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2003, 1:301 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1205560/authors
[20]	Gosselin B, Ayoub A E, Roy J, et al. A mixed-signal multichip neural recording interface with bandwidth reduction. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2009, 3(3):129 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2013718
[21]	Kmon P, Zoladz M, Grybos P, et al. Design and measurements of 64-channel ASIC for neural signal recording. Proc of 31st Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2009:528 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5333629/
[22]	Shahrokhi F, Abdelhalim K, Serletis D, et al. The 128-channel fully differential digital integrated neural recording and stimulation interface. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2010, 4(3):149 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2010.2041350

Fig. 1. Architecture of the multi-channel neural recording chip.

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Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the preamplifier. (b) Schematic of OTA$_1$.

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Fig. 3. (a) Schematic of the PGA. (b) Schematic of OTA$_2$.

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Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of the 4th-order basel SC filter. (b) Schematic of the SC integrator.

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Fig. 5. Schematic of the capacitor network.

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Fig. 6. Schematic of the output-offset storage.

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Fig. 7. Sequency diagram of the neural recording chip.

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Fig. 8. Micrograph and package of the neural recording chip.

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Fig. 9. Frequency response of the preamplifier with different $V_{\rm res}$.

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Fig. 10. Input-referred noise spectra for $f_{\rm HP} <$ 0.1 Hz.

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Fig. 11. Frequency response of the PGA with different gains.

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Fig. 12. Frequency response of the SC filter with different $f_{\rm clk}$.

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Fig. 13. Frequency response of recording channel 1.

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Fig. 14. Power spectral density with an input sinusoidal wave of 4.1479 kHz.

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Fig. 15. The micrograph and the package of the 2 $\times$ 8 microelectrode array.

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Fig. 16. Pictures for the in-vivo test.

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Fig. 17. The in-vivo recorded results from a rat cortex.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1. Experimental characteristics and comparison.

[1]	Mountcastle V B. Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol, 1957, 20(4):408 http://jn.physiology.org/content/20/4/408
[2]	Hubel D H, Wiesel T N. Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex. J Physiol, 1959, 148(3):574 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006308
[3]	Pei W, Zhu L, Wang S, et al. Multi-channel micro neural probe fabricated with SOI. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 52(5):1187 doi: 10.1007/s11431-008-0272-9?no-access=true
[4]	Zhao H, Pei W, Chen S, et al. A composite insulation structure for silicon-based planar neuroprobes. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55(9):2436 doi: 10.1007/s11431-012-4856-z
[5]	Rousche P J, Pellinen D S, Pivin D P, et al. Flexible polyimide-based intracortical electrode arrays with bioactive capability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2001, 48(3):361 doi: 10.1109/10.914800
[6]	Li X, Pei W, Tang R, et al. Investigation of flexible electrodes modified by TiN, Pt black and IrOx. Sci China Tech Sci, 2011, 54(9):2305 doi: 10.1007/s11431-011-4436-7
[7]	Aziz J, Abdelhalim K, Shulyzki R, et al. 256-channel neural recording and delta compression microsystem with 3D electrodes. IEEE J Solid-State Circ, 2009, 44(3):995 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2010997
[8]	Harrison R R, Kier R J, Chestek C A, et al. Wireless neural recording with single low-power integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2009, 17(4):322 doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2009.2023298
[9]	Sodagar A, Wise K D, Najafi K. A wireless implantable microsystem for multichannel neural recording. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, 2009, 57(10):2565 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2029957
[10]	Dumortier C, Gosselin B, Sawan M. Wavelet transforms dedicated to compress recorded ENGs from multichannel implants:comparative architectural study. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2006:2129 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1693038/?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=1693038&openedRefinements%3D*%26filter%3DAND(AND(AND(NOT(4283010803)),AND(NOT(4283010803))),AND(NOT(4283010803)))%26pageNumber%3D11%26rowsPerPage%3D100%26queryText%3D(real%20discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%20rdwt%20de)
[11]	Horiuchi T, Swindell T, Sander D, et al. A low-power CMOS neural amplifier with amplitude measurements for spike sorting. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2004, 4:29 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1328932/
[12]	O'Driscoll S, Meng T H, Shenoy K V, et al. Neurons to silicon:implantable prosthesis processor. Proc of IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf, 2006:2248 https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.ieee-art-000001696287
[13]	Harrison R R, Charles C. A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(6):958 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.811979
[14]	Chae M S, Liu W, Sivaprakasam M. Design optimization for integrated neural recording systems. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2008, 43(9):1931 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2001877
[15]	Zhang X. Studies on application specific integrated circuits for neural interfaces. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree, Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010, 70
[16]	Zhang X, Pei W, Huang B, et al. A low-noise fully-differential CMOS preamplifier for neural recording applications. Sci China Inf Sci, 2012, 55(2):441 doi: 10.1007/s11432-011-4333-5
[17]	Olsson R Ⅲ, Buhl D, Sirota A, et al. Band-tunable and multiplexed integrated circuits for simultaneous recording and stimulation with microelectrode arrays. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2005, 52(7):1303 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2005.847540
[18]	Guillory K S, Normann R A, A 100-channel system for real time detection and storage of extracellular spike waveforms. J Neurosci Methods, 1999, 91(1):21 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502709900076X?via%3Dihub
[19]	Culurciello E, Andreou A. An 8-bit, 1 mW successive approximation ADC in SOI CMOS. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2003, 1:301 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1205560/authors
[20]	Gosselin B, Ayoub A E, Roy J, et al. A mixed-signal multichip neural recording interface with bandwidth reduction. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2009, 3(3):129 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2013718
[21]	Kmon P, Zoladz M, Grybos P, et al. Design and measurements of 64-channel ASIC for neural signal recording. Proc of 31st Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2009:528 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5333629/
[22]	Shahrokhi F, Abdelhalim K, Serletis D, et al. The 128-channel fully differential digital integrated neural recording and stimulation interface. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2010, 4(3):149 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2010.2041350

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Received: 05 March 2013 Revised: 22 March 2013 Online: Published: 01 October 2013

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2013 > 34(10): 105009

Yun Gui, Xu Zhang, Yuan Wang, Ming Liu, Weihua Pei, Kai Liang, Suibiao Huang, Bin Li, Hongda Chen. A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(10): 105009. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009 ****Y Gui, X Zhang, Y Wang, M Liu, W H Pei, K Liang, S B Huang, B Li, H D Chen. A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(10): 105009. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009.

Citation:

Y Gui, X Zhang, Y Wang, M Liu, W H Pei, K Liang, S B Huang, B Li, H D Chen. A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(10): 105009. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009.

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A multi-channel fully differential programmable integrated circuit for neural recording application

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/105009

1.
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China

Funds:

the National High Technology Research & Development Program of China 2012AA030608

Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB933203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61076023, 61178051), and the National High Technology Research & Development Program of China (No. 2012AA030608)

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61076023

the National Basic Research Program of China 2011CB933203

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61178051

More Information

Corresponding author: Zhang Xu, zhangxu@semi.ac.cn
Received Date: 2013-03-05
Revised Date: 2013-03-22
Published Date: 2013-10-01

Abstract

Abstract

A multi-channel, fully differential programmable chip for neural recording application is presented. The integrated circuit incorporates eight neural recording amplifiers with tunable bandwidth and gain, eight 4th-order Bessel switch capacitor filters, an 8-to-1 analog time-division multiplexer, a fully differential successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), and a serial peripheral interface for communication. The neural recording amplifier presents a programmable gain from 53 dB to 68 dB, a tunable low cut-off frequency from 0.1 Hz to 300 Hz, and 3.77 μV_rms input-referred noise over a 5 kHz bandwidth. The SAR ADC digitizes signals at maximum sampling rate of 20 kS/s per channel and achieves an ENOB of 7.4. The integrated circuit is designed and fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS mix-signal process. We successfully performed a multi-channel in-vivo recording experiment from a rat cortex using the neural recording chip.
- neural recording system,
- multi-channel,
- preamplifier,
- programmable gain amplifier,
- switch capacitor filter,
- time-division multiplexer,
- SAR ADC,
- in vivo recording

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References(22)

References

[1]	Mountcastle V B. Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. J Neurophysiol, 1957, 20(4):408 http://jn.physiology.org/content/20/4/408
[2]	Hubel D H, Wiesel T N. Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex. J Physiol, 1959, 148(3):574 doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006308
[3]	Pei W, Zhu L, Wang S, et al. Multi-channel micro neural probe fabricated with SOI. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 52(5):1187 doi: 10.1007/s11431-008-0272-9?no-access=true
[4]	Zhao H, Pei W, Chen S, et al. A composite insulation structure for silicon-based planar neuroprobes. Sci China Tech Sci, 2012, 55(9):2436 doi: 10.1007/s11431-012-4856-z
[5]	Rousche P J, Pellinen D S, Pivin D P, et al. Flexible polyimide-based intracortical electrode arrays with bioactive capability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2001, 48(3):361 doi: 10.1109/10.914800
[6]	Li X, Pei W, Tang R, et al. Investigation of flexible electrodes modified by TiN, Pt black and IrOx. Sci China Tech Sci, 2011, 54(9):2305 doi: 10.1007/s11431-011-4436-7
[7]	Aziz J, Abdelhalim K, Shulyzki R, et al. 256-channel neural recording and delta compression microsystem with 3D electrodes. IEEE J Solid-State Circ, 2009, 44(3):995 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2010997
[8]	Harrison R R, Kier R J, Chestek C A, et al. Wireless neural recording with single low-power integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2009, 17(4):322 doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2009.2023298
[9]	Sodagar A, Wise K D, Najafi K. A wireless implantable microsystem for multichannel neural recording. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech, 2009, 57(10):2565 doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2029957
[10]	Dumortier C, Gosselin B, Sawan M. Wavelet transforms dedicated to compress recorded ENGs from multichannel implants:comparative architectural study. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2006:2129 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1693038/?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=1693038&openedRefinements%3D*%26filter%3DAND(AND(AND(NOT(4283010803)),AND(NOT(4283010803))),AND(NOT(4283010803)))%26pageNumber%3D11%26rowsPerPage%3D100%26queryText%3D(real%20discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%20rdwt%20de)
[11]	Horiuchi T, Swindell T, Sander D, et al. A low-power CMOS neural amplifier with amplitude measurements for spike sorting. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2004, 4:29 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1328932/
[12]	O'Driscoll S, Meng T H, Shenoy K V, et al. Neurons to silicon:implantable prosthesis processor. Proc of IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf, 2006:2248 https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.ieee-art-000001696287
[13]	Harrison R R, Charles C. A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2003, 38(6):958 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2003.811979
[14]	Chae M S, Liu W, Sivaprakasam M. Design optimization for integrated neural recording systems. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2008, 43(9):1931 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2001877
[15]	Zhang X. Studies on application specific integrated circuits for neural interfaces. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree, Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010, 70
[16]	Zhang X, Pei W, Huang B, et al. A low-noise fully-differential CMOS preamplifier for neural recording applications. Sci China Inf Sci, 2012, 55(2):441 doi: 10.1007/s11432-011-4333-5
[17]	Olsson R Ⅲ, Buhl D, Sirota A, et al. Band-tunable and multiplexed integrated circuits for simultaneous recording and stimulation with microelectrode arrays. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2005, 52(7):1303 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2005.847540
[18]	Guillory K S, Normann R A, A 100-channel system for real time detection and storage of extracellular spike waveforms. J Neurosci Methods, 1999, 91(1):21 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502709900076X?via%3Dihub
[19]	Culurciello E, Andreou A. An 8-bit, 1 mW successive approximation ADC in SOI CMOS. Proc of IEEE Int Symp Circ Syst, 2003, 1:301 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1205560/authors
[20]	Gosselin B, Ayoub A E, Roy J, et al. A mixed-signal multichip neural recording interface with bandwidth reduction. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2009, 3(3):129 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2013718
[21]	Kmon P, Zoladz M, Grybos P, et al. Design and measurements of 64-channel ASIC for neural signal recording. Proc of 31st Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2009:528 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5333629/
[22]	Shahrokhi F, Abdelhalim K, Serletis D, et al. The 128-channel fully differential digital integrated neural recording and stimulation interface. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ and Syst, 2010, 4(3):149 doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2010.2041350

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