J. Semicond. > 2013, Volume 34 > Issue 7 > 075004
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SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers

Xin Cheng1, 2, Haigang Yang1, , Tongqiang Gao1 and Tao Yin1

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yang Haigang, yanghg@mail.ie.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004

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Abstract: This paper presents a reconfigurable fifth-order complex Gm-C filter for different data rates in low-IF WiMAX applications. The design procedure and linearized measures to realize the complex filter are described. In order to achieve the reconfigurability of bandwidth window, the center frequency and the cutoff frequency filter are adjusted simultaneously by changing capacitor values while keeping transconductors unchanged. Also, the filter integrates an on-chip automatic frequency tuning circuit based on a PLL. Experimental results show that it has an IRR of 32 dB, a THD of-43 dB, and an input-referred noise of 21 μVrms. The chip is fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS process, occupies 0.7×1 mm2, and consumes 4.8 mA current from a 1.2 V power supply.

Key words: complex filter, low-IF receiver, WiMAX, frequency tuning



[1]
IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Std 802. 16TM-2004-Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, New York, Oct. 2004
[2]
Jun D, Daisuke M, Yosuke O, et al. A fully integrated 2×1 dual-band direct-conversion mobile WiMAX transceiver with dual-mode fractional divider and noise-shaping transimpedance amplifier in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2010, 45:2774 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2075295
[3]
Camus M, Butaye B, Garcia L, et al. A 5.4 mW/0.07 mm2 2.4 GHz front-end receiver in 90 nm CMOS for IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN standard. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2008, 43:1372 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.922720
[4]
Liu S L, Ma H P, Shi Y. A low power Gm-C filter with on-chip automatic tuning for a WLAN transceiver. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31:065008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/065008
[5]
Hesam A A, Erik J P, Edgar S S. A 1-V +31 dBm ⅡP3, reconfigurable, continuously tunable, power-adjustable active-RC LPF. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44:495 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2011037
[6]
Pan W G, Ma C Y, Gan Y B, et al. A reconfigurable OTA-C baseband filter with wide digital tuning for GSNN receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31:095006 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/9/095006
[7]
D'Amico S, Giannini V, Baschirotto A. A 4th-order active-Gm-RC reconfigurable (UMTS/WLAN) filter. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2006, 41:1630 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2006.873676
[8]
Cheng X, Zhong L G, Yang H G, et al. A pseudo differential Gm-C complex filter with frequency tuning for IEEE802.15.4 applications. Journal of Semiconductors, 2011, 32:075005 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/32/7/075005
[9]
Tajali A, Leblebici Y. Low-power and widely tunable linearized biquadratic low-pass transconductor-C filter. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2011, 58:159 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2111530
[10]
Xu Y, Chi B Y, Yu X B, et al. Power-scalable, complex bandpass/low-pass filter with I/Q imbalance calibration for a multimode GSNN receiver. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2012, 59:30 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2177700
Fig. 1.  Block diagram of a low-IF receiver.

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Fig. 2.  (a) Real Gm–C integrator. (b) Complex Gm–C integrator.

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Fig. 3.  Architecture of the complex filter.

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Fig. 4.  Capacitor array for mode selection.

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Fig. 5.  OTA structure (a) with CMFB or (b) without CMFB.

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Fig. 6.  Variation of HD3 and gmN1 with n.

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Fig. 7.  Frequency tuning system based on a PLL.

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Fig. 8.  The VCO structure used in Fig. 7.

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Fig. 9.  Chip photograph of the whole complex filter

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Fig. 10.  The transfer function of a complex filter with different input phase sequences

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Fig. 11.  The output with different input phase sequences at 2.5 MHz

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Fig. 12.  The comparison of frequency characteristic between simulation and measurement.

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Fig. 13.  The frequency characteristics under three operation modes.

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Fig. 14.  The tuning function of the proposed PLL.

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Fig. 15.  The measured harmonic distortion.

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Fig. 16.  THD versus input amplitude.

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Fig. 17.  The measured output noise.

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Fig. 18.  The measured IIP3.

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Table 1.   Center frequencies and cutoff frequencies in three modes.

Table 2.   Center frequencies and cutoff frequencies in three modes.
[1]
IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Std 802. 16TM-2004-Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, New York, Oct. 2004
[2]
Jun D, Daisuke M, Yosuke O, et al. A fully integrated 2×1 dual-band direct-conversion mobile WiMAX transceiver with dual-mode fractional divider and noise-shaping transimpedance amplifier in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2010, 45:2774 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2075295
[3]
Camus M, Butaye B, Garcia L, et al. A 5.4 mW/0.07 mm2 2.4 GHz front-end receiver in 90 nm CMOS for IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN standard. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2008, 43:1372 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.922720
[4]
Liu S L, Ma H P, Shi Y. A low power Gm-C filter with on-chip automatic tuning for a WLAN transceiver. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31:065008 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/065008
[5]
Hesam A A, Erik J P, Edgar S S. A 1-V +31 dBm ⅡP3, reconfigurable, continuously tunable, power-adjustable active-RC LPF. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44:495 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2008.2011037
[6]
Pan W G, Ma C Y, Gan Y B, et al. A reconfigurable OTA-C baseband filter with wide digital tuning for GSNN receivers. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31:095006 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/9/095006
[7]
D'Amico S, Giannini V, Baschirotto A. A 4th-order active-Gm-RC reconfigurable (UMTS/WLAN) filter. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2006, 41:1630 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2006.873676
[8]
Cheng X, Zhong L G, Yang H G, et al. A pseudo differential Gm-C complex filter with frequency tuning for IEEE802.15.4 applications. Journal of Semiconductors, 2011, 32:075005 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/32/7/075005
[9]
Tajali A, Leblebici Y. Low-power and widely tunable linearized biquadratic low-pass transconductor-C filter. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2011, 58:159 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2111530
[10]
Xu Y, Chi B Y, Yu X B, et al. Power-scalable, complex bandpass/low-pass filter with I/Q imbalance calibration for a multimode GSNN receiver. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Ⅱ:Express Briefs, 2012, 59:30 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2177700

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    Received: 29 November 2012 Revised: 15 January 2013 Online: Published: 01 July 2013

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2013  >  34(7): 075004
      Xin Cheng, Haigang Yang, Tongqiang Gao, Tao Yin. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004 ****X Cheng, H G Yang, T Q Gao, T Yin. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004.
      Citation:
      Xin Cheng, Haigang Yang, Tongqiang Gao, Tao Yin. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2013, 34(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004 ****
      X Cheng, H G Yang, T Q Gao, T Yin. A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers[J]. J. Semicond., 2013, 34(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004.
      shu

      A CMOS Gm-C complex filter with a reconfigurable center and cutoff frequencies in low-IF WiMAX receivers

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/7/075004
      • 1.

        Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

      • 2.

        University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

      Funds:

      the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61106025

      Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA012301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61106025)

      the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China 2012AA012301

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Yang Haigang, yanghg@mail.ie.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2012-11-29
      • Revised Date: 2013-01-15
      • Published Date: 2013-07-01

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