J. Semicond. > 2014, Volume 35 > Issue 11 > 115010
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SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption

Jinguang Jiang1, 2, and Sen Li3

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Jiang Jinguang, Email:jgjiang09@aliyun.com

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010

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Abstract: A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption is proposed. The protection circuit has high reliability because the voltage and current of the battery are controlled in a safe range. The protection circuit can immediately activate a protective function when the voltage and current of the battery are beyond the safe range. In order to reduce the circuit's power consumption, a sleep state control circuit is developed. Additionally, the output frequency of the ring oscillation can be adjusted continuously and precisely by the charging capacitors and the constant-current source. The proposed protection circuit is fabricated in a 0.5 μm mixed-signal CMOS process. The measured reference voltage is 1.19 V, the overvoltage is 4.2 V and the undervoltage is 2.2 V. The total power is about 9 μW.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, OV, UV, reference voltage, overcurrent (OC), short circuit (SC)



[1]
Zhang H, Sun Y, Ding S, et al. Full-digital lithium battery protection and charging circuit based on DSP. 27th Chinese Control Conference, 2008:265
[2]
Hsieh Y C, Wu J L, Kuo Q Y. A Li-ion battery string protection system. International Conference on Applied Electronics, 2011:1 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6049095/authors
[3]
Chan C C. The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Proc IEEE, 2007, 95:704 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.892489
[4]
Lee Y S, Wang W Y, Kuo T Y. Soft computing for battery state-of-charge (BSOC) estimation in battery string circuit. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2008, 55:229 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2007.896496
[5]
Moore S W, Schneider P J. A review of cell equalization methods for lithium ion and lithium polymer battery circuits. Adv Hybrid Vehicle Powertrains, 2001:68 http://papers.sae.org/2001-01-0959/
[6]
Lukic S M, Bansal R C, Rodriguez F, et al. Energy storage circuits for automotive applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron, 2008, 55:2258 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918390
[7]
Kuhn B T, Pitel G E, Krein P T. Electrical properties and equalization of lithium-ion cells in automotive applications. IEEE Vehicle power and Propulsion Conference, 2005:55
[8]
Kim C H, Kim M Y, Kim Y D, et al. A modularized charge equalizer using battery monitoring IC for series connected Li-ion battery strings in an electric vehicle. Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, 2011:304 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5944609/
[9]
Ye Zhihao, Wu Xiaobo, Sun Yueming, et al. A universal protection controller for Li-ion battery charger. Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2010:1 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5448749/authors
[10]
Affanni A, Bellini A, Franceschini G, et al. Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2005, 52:1343 http://porto.polito.it/1503806/
[11]
Sawada M, Arai H, Takahashi H, et al. Second-generation one chip Li-ion battery protection IC with an asymmetric bidirectional trench lateral power MOSFET. 22nd International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's, 2010:281 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5543976/?arnumber=5543976&punumber%3D5528430
[12]
Puviwatnangkurn W, Tanboonjit B, Fuengwarodsakul N H. Overcurrent protection scheme of BMS for Li-ion battery used in electric bicycles. 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2013:1
[13]
Matsunaga S, Sawada M, Sugimoto M, et al. Low parasitic current 'half on' operation of battery protection IC. 19th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and IC's, 2007:49
[14]
Chen Min, Liu Jianchao. The design of a Li-ion battery protection IC for S ingle cell pack. Microprocessors, 2008, (1):22
[15]
Zou Xuecheng, Li Yuchao, Jiang Juan, et al. Improvement of the protection circuit for single cell pack Li-ion battery. J Huazhong University of Sci & Tech, 2007, 35:54
Fig. 1.  The single lithium-ion battery protection circuit

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Fig. 2.  A schematic diagram of the proposed VBG

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Fig. 3.  A schematic diagram of the proposed $V_{\rm ref}$ circuit

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Fig. 4.  A schematic diagram of the proposed current detection circuit

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Fig. 5.  A schematic diagram of the proposed VD, OVD and UVD circuit

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Fig. 6.  A schematic diagram of the proposed controller circuit

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Fig. 7.  A schematic diagram of the proposed SSC circuit

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Fig. 8.  A schematic diagram of the proposed OSC circuit

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Fig. 9.  Chip microphotograph of the protection circuit

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Fig. 10.  (a) The simulation result for $V_{\rm BG}$. (b) The reference voltage relative to $V_{\rm DD}$. (c) The temperature characteristics of $V_{\rm BG}$

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Fig. 11.  The simulation characteristics of $V_{\rm ref}$

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Fig. 12.  The simulation characteristics of the current detection circuit

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Fig. 13.  (a) The simulation result for the OVD circuit. (b) The simulation result for the UVD circuit

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Fig. 14.  The simulation characteristics of the OSC

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Fig. 15.  Measured results for (a) OV and (b) UV

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Table 1.   Eight kinds of EN signal

Table 2.   The protection criteria and the working conditions

Table 3.   Comparison between this work and related lithium-ion battery protection circuits
[1]
Zhang H, Sun Y, Ding S, et al. Full-digital lithium battery protection and charging circuit based on DSP. 27th Chinese Control Conference, 2008:265
[2]
Hsieh Y C, Wu J L, Kuo Q Y. A Li-ion battery string protection system. International Conference on Applied Electronics, 2011:1 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6049095/authors
[3]
Chan C C. The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Proc IEEE, 2007, 95:704 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2007.892489
[4]
Lee Y S, Wang W Y, Kuo T Y. Soft computing for battery state-of-charge (BSOC) estimation in battery string circuit. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2008, 55:229 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2007.896496
[5]
Moore S W, Schneider P J. A review of cell equalization methods for lithium ion and lithium polymer battery circuits. Adv Hybrid Vehicle Powertrains, 2001:68 http://papers.sae.org/2001-01-0959/
[6]
Lukic S M, Bansal R C, Rodriguez F, et al. Energy storage circuits for automotive applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron, 2008, 55:2258 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918390
[7]
Kuhn B T, Pitel G E, Krein P T. Electrical properties and equalization of lithium-ion cells in automotive applications. IEEE Vehicle power and Propulsion Conference, 2005:55
[8]
Kim C H, Kim M Y, Kim Y D, et al. A modularized charge equalizer using battery monitoring IC for series connected Li-ion battery strings in an electric vehicle. Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, 2011:304 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5944609/
[9]
Ye Zhihao, Wu Xiaobo, Sun Yueming, et al. A universal protection controller for Li-ion battery charger. Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2010:1 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5448749/authors
[10]
Affanni A, Bellini A, Franceschini G, et al. Battery choice and management for new-generation electric vehicles. IEEE Trans Industrial Electron, 2005, 52:1343 http://porto.polito.it/1503806/
[11]
Sawada M, Arai H, Takahashi H, et al. Second-generation one chip Li-ion battery protection IC with an asymmetric bidirectional trench lateral power MOSFET. 22nd International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's, 2010:281 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5543976/?arnumber=5543976&punumber%3D5528430
[12]
Puviwatnangkurn W, Tanboonjit B, Fuengwarodsakul N H. Overcurrent protection scheme of BMS for Li-ion battery used in electric bicycles. 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2013:1
[13]
Matsunaga S, Sawada M, Sugimoto M, et al. Low parasitic current 'half on' operation of battery protection IC. 19th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and IC's, 2007:49
[14]
Chen Min, Liu Jianchao. The design of a Li-ion battery protection IC for S ingle cell pack. Microprocessors, 2008, (1):22
[15]
Zou Xuecheng, Li Yuchao, Jiang Juan, et al. Improvement of the protection circuit for single cell pack Li-ion battery. J Huazhong University of Sci & Tech, 2007, 35:54

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    Received: 20 April 2014 Revised: 06 June 2014 Online: Published: 01 November 2014

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2014  >  35(11): 115010
      Jinguang Jiang, Sen Li. A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(11): 115010. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010 ****J G Jiang, S Li. A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(11): 115010. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010.
      Citation:
      Jinguang Jiang, Sen Li. A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(11): 115010. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010 ****
      J G Jiang, S Li. A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption[J]. J. Semicond., 2014, 35(11): 115010. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010.
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      A single lithium-ion battery protection circuit with high reliability and low power consumption

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/11/115010
      • 1.

        International School of Software, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

      • 2.

        Suzhou Institute, Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China

      • 3.

        School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

      Funds:

      Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41274047), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2012639), the Science and Technology Enterprises in Jiangsu Province Technology Innovation Fund (No. BC2012121) and the Changzhou Science and Technology Support (Industrial) Project (No. CE20120074)

      the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41274047

      the Science and Technology Enterprises in Jiangsu Province Technology Innovation Fund BC2012121

      the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK2012639

      the Changzhou Science and Technology Support (Industrial) Project CE20120074

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: Jiang Jinguang, Email:jgjiang09@aliyun.com
      • Received Date: 2014-04-20
      • Revised Date: 2014-06-06
      • Published Date: 2014-11-01

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