J. Semicond. > 2015, Volume 36 > Issue 7 > 075004
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SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors

Zhichao Li1, Yuntao Liu2, Min Chen1, Jingbo Xiao1 and Jie Chen1,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Jie Chen, E-mail: jchen@ime.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004

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Abstract: This paper reports a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors. The chip includes a digital configuration circuit, which can communicate with an external microcontroller by employing an I2C interface bus, and thus is highly programmable. Digital correlative double samples technique and an incremental sigma-delta analog to digital converter (Σ-Δ ADC) are employed to achieve a new proposed system architecture with double samples. The chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process with high-precision and high-linearity performance occupying an area of 1.3 × 1.9 mm2. Sample solutions with various phosphate concentrations have been detected with a step concentration of 0.01 mg/L.

Key words: CMOS, analog front-end, electrochemical sensors, system-on-chip



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Fig. 1.  Functional blocks of the proposed chip.

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Fig. 2.  Schematic and noise dedication in the charge integrator and the PGA.

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Fig. 3.  Third-order incremental $\Sigma$-$\Delta $ ADC.

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Fig. 4.  Schematic of the charge integrator and proposed sample solution.

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Fig. 5.  Schematic of the single-ended operational amplifier utilized in the charge integrator.

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Fig. 6.  Fully differential third-order incremental $\Sigma$-$\Delta$ modulator.

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Fig. 7.  SNDR of 3rd order incremental feed-forward $\Sigma$-$\Delta $ modulator derived from matlab model.

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Fig. 8.  Third-order cascade digital integrators for decimation filter with digital CDS function.

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Fig. 9.  Timing diagram for digital CDS function.

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Fig. 10.  Micrograph of the proposed chip.

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Fig. 11.  Output voltage of the charge integrator with different input currents: 3 $\mu $A and 6 $\mu $A.

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Fig. 12.  On-board system for testing the proposed chip using actual amperometric electrochemical sensors.

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Fig. 13.  Differential output voltage of the PGA versus programmable gain settings (1/2, 1/4, 1, 2).

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Fig. 14.  The final output digital code of the analog front-end chip testing sample solutions with different phosphate concentrations.

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    Received: 14 November 2014 Revised: Online: Published: 01 July 2015

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2015  >  36(7): 075004
      Zhichao Li, Yuntao Liu, Min Chen, Jingbo Xiao, Jie Chen. A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2015, 36(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004 ****Z C Li, Y T Liu, M Chen, J B Xiao, J Chen. A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors[J]. J. Semicond., 2015, 36(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004.
      Citation:
      Zhichao Li, Yuntao Liu, Min Chen, Jingbo Xiao, Jie Chen. A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2015, 36(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004 ****
      Z C Li, Y T Liu, M Chen, J B Xiao, J Chen. A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors[J]. J. Semicond., 2015, 36(7): 075004. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004.
      shu

      A CMOS analog front-end chip for amperometric electrochemical sensors

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/7/075004
      • 1.

        Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

      • 2.

        College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

      Funds:

      Project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project (No. 2015CB352103).

      More Information
      • Corresponding author: E-mail: jchen@ime.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2014-11-14
      • Accepted Date: 2015-01-21
      • Published Date: 2015-01-25

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