Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices

Haoyun Wang; Xingyu Song; Zexin Li; Dongyan Li; Xiang Xu; Yunxin Chen; Pengbin Liu; Xing Zhou; Tianyou Zhai

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701

J. Semicond. > 2024, Volume 45 > Issue 5 > 051701

REVIEWS

Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices

Haoyun Wang^{1, §}, Xingyu Song^{1, §}, Zexin Li¹, Dongyan Li¹, Xiang Xu¹, Yunxin Chen¹, Pengbin Liu¹, Xing Zhou^1, and Tianyou Zhai^{1, 2, 3,}

+ Author Affiliations

1. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
3. Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
^§H. Wang and X. Song contributed equally

Author Bio:

Haoyun Wang received his B.S. degree in functional materials from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, China in 2020. Currently, he is pursuing a doctor’s degree in material physics and chemistry from HUST. His current research interest is focused on 2D mateirals based electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Xingyu Song received her B.S. degree in materials science and engineering from Northeastern University in Shenyang, China in 2021. Currently, she is pursuing a M.S. degree in materials science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Her current research interest is focused on 2D materials based tunneling transistors.

Xing Zhou is a Professor of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). He received his B.S degree in inorganic nonmetallic materials from Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST) in 2012, and received his Ph.D. from HUST in 2017. His current research interests focus on the controllable synthesis of 2D materials and their heterostructures for optoelectronics.

Tianyou Zhai received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Zhengzhou University in 2003, and then received Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) in 2008. Afterward, he joined the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) as a JSPS postdoctoral fellow, and then as an ICYS-MANA researcher within NIMS. Currently, he is a Chief Professor of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). His research interests include the controlled synthesis and exploration of fundamental physical properties of inorganic functional nanomaterials, as well as their applications in optoelectronics.

Corresponding author: Xing Zhou, zhoux0903@hust.edu.cn; Tianyou Zhai, zhaity@hust.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest in view of the outstanding optoelectronic properties, showing new possibilities for future photovoltaic devices toward high performance, high specific power and flexibility. In recent years, substantial works have focused on 2D photovoltaic devices, and great progress has been achieved. Here, we present the review of recent advances in 2D photovoltaic devices, focusing on 2D-material-based Schottky junctions, homojunctions, 2D−2D heterojunctions, 2D−3D heterojunctions, and bulk photovoltaic effect devices. Furthermore, advanced strategies for improving the photovoltaic performances are demonstrated in detail. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are delivered, providing a guideline for the further development of 2D photovoltaic devices.

Key words: two-dimensional materials, photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, solar cells, heterostructures

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Fig. 1. (Color online) The general classification of 2D photovoltaic devices, including Schottky junctions, homojunctions, 2D−2D heterojunctions, 2D−3D heterojunctions, and BPVE devices. The blue spheres represent holes and the red spheres represent electrons.

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Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the conventional evaporated metal contact interface and vdW metal contact interface. (b) Schematic and optical image of Ag/MoS₂/Pt asymmetric contact Schottky device. (c) The I−V characteristic of the Ag/MoS₂/Pt device in dark and 532-nm laser. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[82]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature. (d) Schematic of the Au/WS₂/Ag vertical vdW contact Schottky device. (e) The I−V characteristic of the device under AM 1.5G illumination. (d, e) Reproduced with permission^[84]. Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (f) Schematic of the graphene/WS₂/Pt vertical vdW contact Schottky device. (g) The band diagram under illumination of the graphene/WS₂/Pt device. (h) The EQE of the graphene/WS₂/Pt device under 365-nm and 532-nm laser with varied power density. (i) The EQE comparison of the vertical vdW contact device, lateral device and evaporated contact devices. (f−i) Reproduced with permission^[86]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH.

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Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) Schematic illustration of ion exchanging process (left), and the KPFM image of the doped PdSe₂ in-plane homojunction (right). (b) The band diagram of the doped PdSe₂ homojunction. (c) I−V curves of the PdSe₂ homojunction under 532-nm laser with varied power density. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[100]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. (d) Schematic of the split-gate WSe₂ device. (e) The I_SC versus carrier density of vdW contact device and evaporated device. (f) The photocurrent mapping characterization under zero bias. (d−f) Reproduced with permission^[106]. Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. (g) Schematic of the WSe₂ device with a silver iodide doping layer. (h) Illustration of the Ag⁺ ion doping mechanism of the device. (i) I−V curves of the homojunction under 532-nm laser illumination. (g−i) Reproduced with permission^[58]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature.

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Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the unilaterally depleted MoS₂/AsP heterojunction device. (b) The band diagram of the heterojunction device. (c) The I−V characteristics of the MoS₂/AsP junction in dark and under 532-nm laser. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[121]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature. (d) Schematic of the CsPbBr₃/CdS p−n junction device. (e) The band diagram of the CsPbBr₃/CdS p−n heterojunction. (f) I−V curves of the CsPbBr₃/CdS device under 500-nm laser with variable power density. (d−f) Reproduced with permission^[122]. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH. (g) The band diagram of the PbS QDs decorated WSe₂/MoS₂ p−n junction. (h) Photoresponsivity of the device WSe₂/MoS₂ heterojunction with and without PbS QDs. (i) EQE of the PbS QDs decorated WSe₂/MoS₂ device under incident light of varied wavelength. (g−i) Reproduced with permission^[123]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.

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Fig. 5. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the vertical WSe₂/MoS₂ heterojunction. (b) The quantum efficiency of the p−n junction with and without graphene top electrode. (c) The EQE and absorbance of the vertical WSe₂/MoS₂ p−n heterojunction. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[85]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (d) Schematic of the CNT/WSe₂/MoS₂/CNT vertical point p−n heterojunction. (e) The photocurrent mapping image of the device at zero bias. (f) I_SC and EQE of the device under 520-nm laser illumination with varied power density. (d−f) Reproduced with permission^[131]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.

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Fig. 6. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the RGO–MoS₂/pyramid Si photodetector. (b) Schematic of the carrier transportation under illumination with RGO as high-conductivity path. (c) I–V curves of the device under 808-nm laser with varied light powers. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[139]. Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. (d) Schematic of the vdWs-on-MCT photodetector. (e) I−T curve of the graphene/MCT photodetector at zero bias under varied wavelengths. (f) Responsivity and quantum efficiency under varied wavelengths. (d−f) Reproduced with permission^[142]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (g) Schematic of the HgCdTe/BP device. (h) I−V curves of HgCdTe/BP device under 637-nm illumination. (i) I−T curves of HgCdTe/BP device under 4.3-μm light at zero bias. (g−i) Reproduced with permission^[143]. Copyright 2022, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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Fig. 7. (Color online) (a) The optical image of the 2D CIPS BPVE device. (b) The band alignment of the graphene/CIPS/graphene heterojunction at different polarization state of CIPS. (c) The plot of J_SC as a function of the poling voltage. (a−c) Reproduced with permission^[155]. Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. (d) Schematic of the WSe₂/BP heterointerface. (e) Moiré patterns of the WSe₂/BP heterojunction when the mirror planes of BP and WSe₂ are parallel. (f) I−V curves of the WSe₂/BP device. (d−f) Reproduced with permission^[156]. Copyright 2021, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (g) Schematic of the crystal structure of a WS₂ multiwall nanotube. (h) I–V curves under 632.8 nm laser with varied light powers. Inset, optical image of the device. (i) The I_SC versus position of the laser spot in the nanotube device. (g−i) Reproduced with permission^[19]. Copyright 2019, Springer Nature.

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Fig. 8. (Color online) Outlooks on the future development of 2D photovoltaic devices.

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Table 1. The properties of 2D materials and its significance for photovoltaic devices.

Properties of 2D materials	Significance for photovoltaic devices
Dangling-bond-free surface	Van der Waals integration for band engineering self-passivated surface
Ultrathin body	Strong modulation of electrical properties
Strong light−matter interaction	Ultra-thin devices with high performances
Mechanical flexibility	Flexible devices

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Table 2. Performance comparison of representative works in recent years.

Devices	PCE (%)	EQE (%)	V_OC (V)	FF	References
Pt/MoS₂/Ag	0.2	1.74	1.02	0.26	[82]
1T’-MoTe₂/MoS₂/Cr	−	20	0.19	−	[83]
WS₂/Au	0.46	40	0.256	0.44	[84]
Gr/WS₂/Pt	5	92	0.4	0.39	[86]
Gr/WO_x/WSe₂/Pt	5.44	−	0.47	0.59	[87]
MoO_x/Gr/WSe₂/Au	5.1	−	0.476	0.617	[88]
MoTe₂ homojunction	−	40	0.3	0.5	[107]
WSe₂ homojunction	−	83.6	0.75	−	[106]
CsPbBr₃/CdS	17.5	−	0.76	0.5	[122]
Cs₂AgBiBr₆/WS₂/Gr	−	14.7	−	−	[127]
Gr/WSe₂/MoS₂	3.4	50	0.38	−	[85]
PbS/MoS₂/WSe₂	7.65	100	0.42	−	[123]
Perovskite/BP/MoS₂	−	80	0.32	−	[128]
MoS₂/AsP	9	71	0.61	0.5	[121]
Gr/WO_x/WSe₂//MoS₂	5	−	0.46	0.45	[129]
CNT/WSe₂/MoS₂/CNT	−	42.7	0.35	−	[131]
PtSe_2/Si	−	80	0.3	−	[137]

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Received: 19 December 2023 Revised: 23 January 2024 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 19 February 2024Uncorrected proof: 21 February 2024Published: 10 May 2024

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2024 > 45(5): 051701

Haoyun Wang, Xingyu Song, Zexin Li, Dongyan Li, Xiang Xu, Yunxin Chen, Pengbin Liu, Xing Zhou, Tianyou Zhai. Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(5): 051701. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701 ****H Y Wang, X Y Song, Z X Li, D Y Li, X Xu, Y X Chen, P B Liu, X Zhou, and T Y Zhai, Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices[J]. J. Semicond., 2024, 45(5), 051701 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701

Citation:

Haoyun Wang, Xingyu Song, Zexin Li, Dongyan Li, Xiang Xu, Yunxin Chen, Pengbin Liu, Xing Zhou, Tianyou Zhai. Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2024, 45(5): 051701. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701 ****

H Y Wang, X Y Song, Z X Li, D Y Li, X Xu, Y X Chen, P B Liu, X Zhou, and T Y Zhai, Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices[J]. J. Semicond., 2024, 45(5), 051701 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701

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Recent advances in two-dimensional photovoltaic devices

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/45/5/051701

Haoyun Wang^{1, §},
Xingyu Song^{1, §},
Zexin Li¹,
Dongyan Li¹,
Xiang Xu¹,
Yunxin Chen¹,
Pengbin Liu¹,
Xing Zhou^1,,
Tianyou Zhai^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
3.
Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Haoyun Wang received his B.S. degree in functional materials from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, China in 2020. Currently, he is pursuing a doctor’s degree in material physics and chemistry from HUST. His current research interest is focused on 2D mateirals based electronic and optoelectronic devices
Xingyu Song received her B.S. degree in materials science and engineering from Northeastern University in Shenyang, China in 2021. Currently, she is pursuing a M.S. degree in materials science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Her current research interest is focused on 2D materials based tunneling transistors
Xing Zhou is a Professor of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). He received his B.S degree in inorganic nonmetallic materials from Wuhan University of Science and Technology (WUST) in 2012, and received his Ph.D. from HUST in 2017. His current research interests focus on the controllable synthesis of 2D materials and their heterostructures for optoelectronics
Tianyou Zhai received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Zhengzhou University in 2003, and then received Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) in 2008. Afterward, he joined the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) as a JSPS postdoctoral fellow, and then as an ICYS-MANA researcher within NIMS. Currently, he is a Chief Professor of School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). His research interests include the controlled synthesis and exploration of fundamental physical properties of inorganic functional nanomaterials, as well as their applications in optoelectronics
Corresponding author: zhoux0903@hust.edu.cn; zhaity@hust.edu.cn
Received Date: 2023-12-19
Revised Date: 2024-01-23

Available Online: 2024-02-19

Abstract

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest in view of the outstanding optoelectronic properties, showing new possibilities for future photovoltaic devices toward high performance, high specific power and flexibility. In recent years, substantial works have focused on 2D photovoltaic devices, and great progress has been achieved. Here, we present the review of recent advances in 2D photovoltaic devices, focusing on 2D-material-based Schottky junctions, homojunctions, 2D−2D heterojunctions, 2D−3D heterojunctions, and bulk photovoltaic effect devices. Furthermore, advanced strategies for improving the photovoltaic performances are demonstrated in detail. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are delivered, providing a guideline for the further development of 2D photovoltaic devices.
- two-dimensional materials,
- photovoltaic devices,
- photodetectors,
- solar cells,
- heterostructures

^§H. Wang and X. Song contributed equally

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References(170)

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