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Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer

Yang Feng1, Yang Du1, 2, Zhen Zhen2, Yanmei Li1, Rui Li1, Qijie Xie2, Lei Wang2, Jingdong Luo3 and Xiaochuan Xu1, 2,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Xiaochuan Xu, xuxiaochuan@hit.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028CSTR: 32376.14.1674-4926.26070028

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[1]
Shen J, Zhang Y, Chen Y Q, et al. Integrated pockels modulators on silicon photonics platform. Adv Phys Res, 2025, 4(4): 2400096 doi: 10.1002/apxr.202400096
[2]
Shekhar S, Bogaerts W, Chrostowski L, et al. Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 751 doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-44750-0
[3]
Zhou Z, Chao M, Su X, et al. Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optic modulator and microwave photonics signal processing applications. Micromachines, 2023, 14(11): 1977 doi: 10.3390/mi14111977
[4]
Zhang Y, Guo X H, Ji X C, et al. What can be integrated on the silicon photonics platform and how? APL Photonics, 2024, 9(9): 090902
[5]
Thomaschewski M, Bozhevolnyi S I. Pockels modulation in integrated nanophotonics. Appl Phys Rev, 2022, 9(2): 021311 doi: 10.1063/5.0083083
[6]
Taghavi I, Moridsadat M, Tofini A, et al. Polymer modulators in silicon photonics: Review and projections. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(17): 3855 doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0141
[7]
Smajic J, Leuthold J. Plasmonic electro-optic modulators–a review. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2024, 30(4: Adv. Mod. and Int. beyond Si): 1
[8]
Messner A, Moor D, Chelladurai D, et al. Plasmonic, photonic, or hybrid? Reviewing waveguide geometries for electro-optic modulators. APL Photonics, 2023, 8(10): 100901 doi: 10.1063/5.0159166
[9]
Zhao J H, Wang Y L, Gao X Y, et al. An ultra-efficient integrated plasmonic lithium niobate electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator. Laser Photonics Rev, 2026, 20(1): e01067 doi: 10.1002/lpor.202501067
[10]
Horst Y, Moor D, Chelladurai D, et al. Ultra-wideband MHz to THz plasmonic EO modulator. Optica, 2025, 12(3): 325 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.544016
[11]
Wu J Y, Li Z-A, Luo J D, et al. High-performance organic second- and third-order nonlinear optical materials for ultrafast information processing. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8(43): 15009 doi: 10.1039/D0TC03224G
[12]
Huang S, Luo J D, Jin Z A, et al. Enhanced temporal stability of a highly efficient guest–host electro-optic polymer through a barrier layer assisted poling process. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22(38): 20353 doi: 10.1039/c2jm33979j
[13]
Maurer M, Gawron E, Middlebrook C. Progressive poling of large area, high r33 electro-optic polymer SEO100c. Appl Sci, 2021, 11(17): 8108 doi: 10.3390/app11178108
Fig. 1.  (Color online) (a) Schematic of the POH modulator. (b) Molecular structures of chromophore AJLZ53 and host polymer amorphous polycarbonate. (c) Colorized SEM image of the fabricated device. (d) Transmission spectrum of the device before and after poling. (e) Transmission spectra of the POH modulator under different DC voltages. (f) Wavelength shifts in relation to the applied voltage.

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Fig. 2.  (Color online) (a). The setup to measure the high-speed response of the modulator. The black and blue lines indicate the optical and electrical path, respectively. The top and bottom dashed boxes are used to measure the S21 response and eye diagram, respectively. PC, polarization controller; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BPF, bandpass filter; PD, photodetector; VNA, vector network analyzer; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator. (b) Measured EO transmission S21 of the device. (c) The measured NRZ eye diagrams.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
[1]
Shen J, Zhang Y, Chen Y Q, et al. Integrated pockels modulators on silicon photonics platform. Adv Phys Res, 2025, 4(4): 2400096 doi: 10.1002/apxr.202400096
[2]
Shekhar S, Bogaerts W, Chrostowski L, et al. Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 751 doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-44750-0
[3]
Zhou Z, Chao M, Su X, et al. Silicon-organic hybrid electro-optic modulator and microwave photonics signal processing applications. Micromachines, 2023, 14(11): 1977 doi: 10.3390/mi14111977
[4]
Zhang Y, Guo X H, Ji X C, et al. What can be integrated on the silicon photonics platform and how? APL Photonics, 2024, 9(9): 090902
[5]
Thomaschewski M, Bozhevolnyi S I. Pockels modulation in integrated nanophotonics. Appl Phys Rev, 2022, 9(2): 021311 doi: 10.1063/5.0083083
[6]
Taghavi I, Moridsadat M, Tofini A, et al. Polymer modulators in silicon photonics: Review and projections. Nanophotonics, 2022, 11(17): 3855 doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0141
[7]
Smajic J, Leuthold J. Plasmonic electro-optic modulators–a review. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2024, 30(4: Adv. Mod. and Int. beyond Si): 1
[8]
Messner A, Moor D, Chelladurai D, et al. Plasmonic, photonic, or hybrid? Reviewing waveguide geometries for electro-optic modulators. APL Photonics, 2023, 8(10): 100901 doi: 10.1063/5.0159166
[9]
Zhao J H, Wang Y L, Gao X Y, et al. An ultra-efficient integrated plasmonic lithium niobate electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator. Laser Photonics Rev, 2026, 20(1): e01067 doi: 10.1002/lpor.202501067
[10]
Horst Y, Moor D, Chelladurai D, et al. Ultra-wideband MHz to THz plasmonic EO modulator. Optica, 2025, 12(3): 325 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.544016
[11]
Wu J Y, Li Z-A, Luo J D, et al. High-performance organic second- and third-order nonlinear optical materials for ultrafast information processing. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8(43): 15009 doi: 10.1039/D0TC03224G
[12]
Huang S, Luo J D, Jin Z A, et al. Enhanced temporal stability of a highly efficient guest–host electro-optic polymer through a barrier layer assisted poling process. J Mater Chem, 2012, 22(38): 20353 doi: 10.1039/c2jm33979j
[13]
Maurer M, Gawron E, Middlebrook C. Progressive poling of large area, high r33 electro-optic polymer SEO100c. Appl Sci, 2021, 11(17): 8108 doi: 10.3390/app11178108

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    Received: 15 July 2026 Revised: 11 August 2026 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 08 September 2026

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2026  > Accepted Manuscript
      Yang Feng, Yang Du, Zhen Zhen, Yanmei Li, Rui Li, Qijie Xie, Lei Wang, Jingdong Luo, Xiaochuan Xu. Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2026, In Press. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028 ****Y Feng, Y Du, Z Zhen, Y M Li, R Li, Q J Xie, L Wang, J D Luo, and X C Xu, Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer[J]. J. Semicond., 2026, accepted doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028
      Citation:
      Yang Feng, Yang Du, Zhen Zhen, Yanmei Li, Rui Li, Qijie Xie, Lei Wang, Jingdong Luo, Xiaochuan Xu. Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2026, In Press. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028 ****
      Y Feng, Y Du, Z Zhen, Y M Li, R Li, Q J Xie, L Wang, J D Luo, and X C Xu, Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer[J]. J. Semicond., 2026, accepted doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028
      shu

      Broadband plasmonic organic-hybrid electro-optic modulator incorporating guest-host polymer

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/26070028
      CSTR: 32376.14.1674-4926.26070028
      • 1.

        National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Photonic-Electronic Chip, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Xili University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China

      • 2.

        Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL), Shenzhen 518000, China

      • 3.

        Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

      More Information
      • Yang Feng received the B.S. degree from Hunan Normal University in 2018 and the M.S. degree from Southern University of Science and Technology in 2021. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree at Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) under the supervision of Prof. Xiaochuan Xu. His research interests focus on silicon-organic hybrid electro-optic modulators
      • Xiaochuan Xu received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physical Electronics from Harbin Institute of Technology in 2006 and 2009, respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 2013. He joined Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) in 2019. His research focuses on integrated photonics and subwavelength photonics, with applications in optical interconnects, sensing, and computing
      • Corresponding author: xuxiaochuan@hit.edu.cn
      • Received Date: 2026-07-15
      • Revised Date: 2026-08-11
        • Available Online: 2026-09-08

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