Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

Hari Shanker Gupta; A S Kiran Kumar; M. Shojaei Baghini; Subhananda Chakrabarti; Sanjeev Mehta; Arup Roy Chowdhury; Dinesh K Sharma

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001

J. Semicond. > 2016, Volume 37 > Issue 10 > 105001

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

Hari Shanker Gupta^1,, A S Kiran Kumar², M. Shojaei Baghini¹, Subhananda Chakrabarti¹, Sanjeev Mehta², Arup Roy Chowdhury² and Dinesh K Sharma¹

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author: Hari Shanker Gupta, Email: harishanker@ee.iitb.ac.in, harigupta1506@gmail.com

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001

Abstract: Current mirror integration (CMI) read out integrated circuit (ROIC) topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched PMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm² pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Mega pixel per second (Mpps). Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of 83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 V 1P6M UMC 180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.

Key words: pixel pitch, readout integrated circuit (ROIC), cryogenics, snapshot, FPA, IR detectors

References

[1]	Ting D, Gunapala S D. Quantum well and quantum dot modeling for advanced infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. 2nd BEER International Workshop on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pasadena, California, 2006
[2]	Kulah H, Akin T. A current mirroring integration based readout circuit for high performance infrared FPA applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2003, 50(4): 181 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.807758
[3]	Vampola J L. The infrared and electro-optical systems handbook. International Society for Optical Engine (SPIE), Billingham, WA, USA, 1993
[4]	Wu R, Huijsing J H, Makinwa K A A. A 21 b ± 40 mV range read-out IC for bridge transducers. IEEE ISSCC, 2011: 22
[5]	Johnson J F, Lomheim T S. Focal-plane signal and noise model-CTIA ROIC. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 2009, 56(11): 2506 doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030646
[6]	Barve A, Lee S J, Noh S K, et al. Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors. IEEE Laser Photon Rev, 2009: 1 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2079939143&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[7]	Sun T P, Li J H, Lu Y C. Readout circuit with dual switching mode design for infrared focal plane arrays. Infrared Physics Technology, 2014, 65: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.03.003
[8]	Johnson J. Hybrid infrared focal plane signal and noise model. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1999, 46: 96 doi: 10.1109/16.737447
[9]	Yoon N, Kim B, Lee H, et al. Design and implementation of infrared readout circuit using new input circuit of current mirroring direct injection (CMDI). Optoelectron Rev, 1999, 7: 321 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288556189_Design_and_implementation_of_infrared_readout_circuit_using_a_new_input_circuit_of_current_mirroring_direct_injection_CMDI
[10]	Kayahan H, Ergintav A, Ceylan O, et al. Realization of a ROIC for 72 × 4 PV-IR detectors. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6890: 68900F doi: 10.1117/12.765218
[11]	Ma Wenlong, Shi Yin, Zhang Yaohui, et al. A snap-shot mode cryogenic readout circuit for QWIP IR FPAs. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31: 025012 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/2/025012
[12]	Rogalski A. Infrared detectors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010
[13]	Kang S G, Woo D H, Lee H C. Multiple integration method for a high signal-to-noise ratio readout integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2005, 52: 553 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.848984
[14]	Hao Lichao, Ding Ruijun, Zhang Junling, et al. A high-performance readout circuit (ROIC) for VL WIR FPAs with novel current mode background suppression. 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC), 2012: 869 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2050866612&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]	Huang Z Q, Guo F M. Readout design for imagers with non-saturated integrating. 2014 International Conference on Information and Automation and Information, 2014: 1206 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2062868502&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

Fig. 1. ROIC block diagram.

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Fig. 2. Basic interface of CMI unit cell.

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Fig. 3. Proposed current mirroring injection (CMI) unit cell.

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Fig. 4. Simulated value of integration capacitor for required charge handling capacity (1 V swing).

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Fig. 5. Pixel area distribution for unit cell design of ROIC.

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Fig. 6. ROIC timing requirements.

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Fig. 7. Integrated ROIC performance for different input current.

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Fig. 8. Noise performance of ROIC.

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Fig. 9. Buffer amplifier performance of ROIC.

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Fig. 10. Measured ROIC linearity at 2.0 kHz frame rate.

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Fig. 11. Noise performance of ROIC.

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Fig. 12. Saturation count of ROIC pixels.

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Fig. 13. Block diagram of measurement test setup.

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Fig. 14. Die photomicrograph view.

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Table 1. Black device performance comparison.

[1]	Ting D, Gunapala S D. Quantum well and quantum dot modeling for advanced infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. 2nd BEER International Workshop on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pasadena, California, 2006
[2]	Kulah H, Akin T. A current mirroring integration based readout circuit for high performance infrared FPA applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2003, 50(4): 181 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.807758
[3]	Vampola J L. The infrared and electro-optical systems handbook. International Society for Optical Engine (SPIE), Billingham, WA, USA, 1993
[4]	Wu R, Huijsing J H, Makinwa K A A. A 21 b ± 40 mV range read-out IC for bridge transducers. IEEE ISSCC, 2011: 22
[5]	Johnson J F, Lomheim T S. Focal-plane signal and noise model-CTIA ROIC. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 2009, 56(11): 2506 doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030646
[6]	Barve A, Lee S J, Noh S K, et al. Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors. IEEE Laser Photon Rev, 2009: 1 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2079939143&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[7]	Sun T P, Li J H, Lu Y C. Readout circuit with dual switching mode design for infrared focal plane arrays. Infrared Physics Technology, 2014, 65: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.03.003
[8]	Johnson J. Hybrid infrared focal plane signal and noise model. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1999, 46: 96 doi: 10.1109/16.737447
[9]	Yoon N, Kim B, Lee H, et al. Design and implementation of infrared readout circuit using new input circuit of current mirroring direct injection (CMDI). Optoelectron Rev, 1999, 7: 321 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288556189_Design_and_implementation_of_infrared_readout_circuit_using_a_new_input_circuit_of_current_mirroring_direct_injection_CMDI
[10]	Kayahan H, Ergintav A, Ceylan O, et al. Realization of a ROIC for 72 × 4 PV-IR detectors. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6890: 68900F doi: 10.1117/12.765218
[11]	Ma Wenlong, Shi Yin, Zhang Yaohui, et al. A snap-shot mode cryogenic readout circuit for QWIP IR FPAs. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31: 025012 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/2/025012
[12]	Rogalski A. Infrared detectors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010
[13]	Kang S G, Woo D H, Lee H C. Multiple integration method for a high signal-to-noise ratio readout integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2005, 52: 553 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.848984
[14]	Hao Lichao, Ding Ruijun, Zhang Junling, et al. A high-performance readout circuit (ROIC) for VL WIR FPAs with novel current mode background suppression. 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC), 2012: 869 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2050866612&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]	Huang Z Q, Guo F M. Readout design for imagers with non-saturated integrating. 2014 International Conference on Information and Automation and Information, 2014: 1206 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2062868502&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

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Received: 20 January 2016 Revised: 18 May 2016 Online: Published: 01 October 2016

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2016 > 37(10): 105001

Hari Shanker Gupta, A S Kiran Kumar, M. Shojaei Baghini, Subhananda Chakrabarti, Sanjeev Mehta, Arup Roy Chowdhury, Dinesh K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001 ****H S Gupta, A S K Kumar, M. S. Baghini, S. Chakrabarti, S Mehta, A R Chowdhury, D K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001.

Citation:

H S Gupta, A S K Kumar, M. S. Baghini, S. Chakrabarti, S Mehta, A R Chowdhury, D K Sharma. Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation[J]. J. Semicond., 2016, 37(10): 105001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001.

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Design of current mirror integration ROIC for snapshot mode operation

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/37/10/105001

1.
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
2.
Space Applications Centre, Jodhpur Tekra, Ahmedabad, India

More Information

Corresponding author: Hari Shanker Gupta, Email: harishanker@ee.iitb.ac.in, harigupta1506@gmail.com
Received Date: 2016-01-20
Revised Date: 2016-05-18
Published Date: 2016-10-01

Abstract

Abstract

Current mirror integration (CMI) read out integrated circuit (ROIC) topology provides a low input impedance to photo-detectors and provides large injection efficiency, large charge handling capacity and snapshot mode operation without in-pixel opamps. The ROIC described in this paper has been implemented with a modified current mirror circuit, with matched PMOS pairs for detector input stage and its biasing. The readout circuit has been designed for 30×30μm² pixel size, 4×4 array size, variable frame rate, 5 Mega pixel per second (Mpps). Experimental performance of the test chip has achieved 15 Me charge handling capacity, a high dynamic range of 83 dB, 99.8% linearity and 99.96% injection efficiency. The ROIC design has been fabricated in 3.3 V 1P6M UMC 180 nm CMOS process and tested up to 5 MHz pixel rate at room and at cryogenic temperature.
- pixel pitch,
- readout integrated circuit (ROIC),
- cryogenics,
- snapshot,
- FPA,
- IR detectors

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References(15)

References

[1]	Ting D, Gunapala S D. Quantum well and quantum dot modeling for advanced infrared detectors and focal plane arrays. 2nd BEER International Workshop on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology Pasadena, California, 2006
[2]	Kulah H, Akin T. A current mirroring integration based readout circuit for high performance infrared FPA applications. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I, 2003, 50(4): 181 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2003.807758
[3]	Vampola J L. The infrared and electro-optical systems handbook. International Society for Optical Engine (SPIE), Billingham, WA, USA, 1993
[4]	Wu R, Huijsing J H, Makinwa K A A. A 21 b ± 40 mV range read-out IC for bridge transducers. IEEE ISSCC, 2011: 22
[5]	Johnson J F, Lomheim T S. Focal-plane signal and noise model-CTIA ROIC. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 2009, 56(11): 2506 doi: 10.1109/TED.2009.2030646
[6]	Barve A, Lee S J, Noh S K, et al. Review of current progress in quantum dot infrared photodetectors. IEEE Laser Photon Rev, 2009: 1 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2079939143&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[7]	Sun T P, Li J H, Lu Y C. Readout circuit with dual switching mode design for infrared focal plane arrays. Infrared Physics Technology, 2014, 65: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.infrared.2014.03.003
[8]	Johnson J. Hybrid infrared focal plane signal and noise model. IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 1999, 46: 96 doi: 10.1109/16.737447
[9]	Yoon N, Kim B, Lee H, et al. Design and implementation of infrared readout circuit using new input circuit of current mirroring direct injection (CMDI). Optoelectron Rev, 1999, 7: 321 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288556189_Design_and_implementation_of_infrared_readout_circuit_using_a_new_input_circuit_of_current_mirroring_direct_injection_CMDI
[10]	Kayahan H, Ergintav A, Ceylan O, et al. Realization of a ROIC for 72 × 4 PV-IR detectors. Proc SPIE, 2008, 6890: 68900F doi: 10.1117/12.765218
[11]	Ma Wenlong, Shi Yin, Zhang Yaohui, et al. A snap-shot mode cryogenic readout circuit for QWIP IR FPAs. Journal of Semiconductors, 2010, 31: 025012 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/2/025012
[12]	Rogalski A. Infrared detectors. 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2010
[13]	Kang S G, Woo D H, Lee H C. Multiple integration method for a high signal-to-noise ratio readout integrated circuit. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II, 2005, 52: 553 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2005.848984
[14]	Hao Lichao, Ding Ruijun, Zhang Junling, et al. A high-performance readout circuit (ROIC) for VL WIR FPAs with novel current mode background suppression. 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC), 2012: 869 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2050866612&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]	Huang Z Q, Guo F M. Readout design for imagers with non-saturated integrating. 2014 International Conference on Information and Automation and Information, 2014: 1206 http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2062868502&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn

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