~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells

Ailing Tang; Zuo Xiao; Liming Ding; Erjun Zhou

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42 > Issue 7 > 070202

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells

Ailing Tang¹, Zuo Xiao¹, Liming Ding^1, and Erjun Zhou^{1, 2,}

+ Author Affiliations

1. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2. Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China

Author Bio:

Ailing Tang received her PhD degree in physical chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS). She is currently an associate professor at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST). Her research focuses on organic solar cells.

Zuo Xiao got his BS and PhD degrees from Peking University under the supervision of Prof. Liangbing Gan. He did postdoctoral research in Eiichi Nakamura Lab at the University of Tokyo. In March 2011, he joined Liming Ding Group at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as an associate professor. In April 2020, he was promoted to be a full professor. His current research focuses on organic solar cells.

Liming Ding got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on functional materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors.

Erjun Zhou received his PhD degree in chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) in 2007 under the supervision of Prof. Yongfang Li. From 2007 to 2014, he worked in Japan with Prof. Kazuhito Hashimoto and Prof. Keisuke Tajima as a postdoc at the JST, the University of Tokyo and RIKEN. In 2014, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) as a full professor. His research focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of organic functional materials for photovoltaic applications.

Corresponding author: Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn; Erjun Zhou, zhouej@nanoctr.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202

References

[1]	Liu Q, Jiang Y, Jin K, et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 272 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001
[2]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. D18, an eximious solar polymer!. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010502
[3]	Qin J, Zhang L, Zuo C, et al. A chlorinated copolymer donor demonstrates a 18.13% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010501
[4]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. 18.69% PCE from organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 060502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060502
[5]	Zhang M, Zhu L, Zhou G, et al. Single-layered organic photovoltaics with double cascading charge transport pathways: 18% efficiencies. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 309 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20580-8
[6]	Cui Y, Wang Y, Bergqvist J, et al. Wide-gap non-fullerene acceptor enabling high-performance organic photovoltaic cells for indoor applications. Nat Energy, 2019, 4, 768 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0448-5
[7]	Bai Y, Yu R, Bai Y, et al. Ternary blend strategy in benzotriazole-based organic photovoltaics for indoor application. Green Energy Environ, 2021, in press doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2020.07.017
[8]	Reich N H, van Sark W G J H M, Alsema E A, et al. Crystalline silicon cell performance at low light intensities. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2009, 93, 1471 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.03.018
[9]	Ameri T, Li N, Brabec C J. Highly efficient organic tandem solar cells: A follow up review. Energy Environ Sci, 2013, 6, 2390 doi: 10.1039/c3ee40388b
[10]	Elumalai N K, Uddin A. Open circuit voltage of organic solar cells: An in-depth review. Energy Environ Sci, 2016, 9, 391 doi: 10.1039/C5EE02871J
[11]	Vandewal K, Tvingstedt K, Gadisa A, et al. On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer-fullerene solar cells. Nat Mater, 2009, 8, 904 doi: 10.1038/nmat2548
[12]	Tang A, Xiao B, Wang Y, et al. Simultaneously achieved high open-circuit voltage and efficient charge generation by fine-tuning charge-transfer driving force in nonfullerene polymer solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28, 1704507 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704507
[13]	Xiao B, Geng Y, Tang A, et al. Controlling the cyano-containing A₂ segments in A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors to combine with a benzotriazole-based p-type polymer: “Same-acceptor-strategy” for high V_oc organic solar cells. Solar RRL, 2019, 3, 1800332 doi: 10.1002/solr.201800332
[14]	Tang A, Song W, Xiao B, et al. Benzotriazole-based acceptor and donors, coupled with chlorination, achieve a high V_oc of 1.24 V and an efficiency of 10.5% in fullerene-free organic solar cells. Chem Mater, 2019, 31, 3941 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05316
[15]	Wang X, Tang A, Yang J, et al. Tuning the intermolecular interaction of A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors by substituent engineering for organic solar cells with ultrahigh V_oc of ~1.2 V. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, 1666 doi: 10.1007/s11426-020-9840-x
[16]	Chen Y, Jiang X, Chen X, et al. Modulation of three p-type polymers containing a fluorinated-thiophene-fused-benzotriazole unit to pair with a benzotriazole-based non-fullerene acceptor for high V_oc organic solar cells. Macromolecules, 2019, 52, 8625 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01569
[17]	An N, Cai Y, Wu H, et al. Solution-processed organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage of 1.3 V and low non-radiative voltage loss of 0.16 V. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2002122 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002122
[18]	Nie Q, Tang A, Cong P, et al. Wide band gap photovoltaic polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7-dione (TzBI) with ultrahigh V_oc beyond 1.25 V. J Phys Chem C, 2020, 124, 19492 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05914
[19]	Liu X, Du X, Wang J, et al. Efficient organic solar cells with extremely high open-circuit voltages and low voltage losses by suppressing nonradiative recombination losses. Adv Energy Mater, 2018, 8, 1801699 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801699
[20]	Tintori F, Laventure A, Koenig J D B, et al. High open-circuit voltage roll-to-roll compatible processed organic photovoltaics. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8, 13430 doi: 10.1039/D0TC03614E
[21]	Nakano K, Chen Y, Xiao B, et al. Anatomy of the energetic driving force for charge generation in organic solar cells. Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 2520 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10434-3
[22]	Mathews I, Kantareddy S N, Buonassisi T, et al. Technology and market perspective for indoor photovoltaic cells. Joule, 2019, 3, 1415 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.026

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) The chemical structures for NFAs with ~1.2 V V_oc and > 6% PCE. (b) Solar spectrum, emission spectrum of LED 3000 K and the spectral response for Y6-based low-bandgap OSC and BTA3-based wide-bandgap OSC. (c) The high-voltage OSCs under sun light or indoor light. (d) Application in tandem structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1. Detailed parameters for OSCs with ~1.2 V V_oc and >6% PCEs.

Non-fullerene acceptors			Polymer donors			V_oc (V)	J_sc (mA/cm²)	FF	PCE (%)	Ref.
Name	HOMO (eV)	LUMO (eV)	Name	HOMO (eV)	LUMO (eV)	V_oc (V)	J_sc (mA/cm²)	FF	PCE (%)	Ref.
BTA3	–5.49	–3.73	J61	–5.32	–3.38	1.15	10.84	0.66	8.3	[12]
			J71	–5.35	–3.40	1.20	10.39	0.69	8.6	[13]
			J52-Cl	–5.39	–3.45	1.24	13.16	0.67	10.5	[14]
			J52-F	–5.36	–3.42	1.19	11.56	0.66	9.1	[15]
			PfBTAZT-Cl	–5.44	–3.59	1.20	11.11	0.60	8.0	[16]
			PBT1-C	–5.49	–3.42	1.21	10.89	0.57	8.6	[17]
F-BTA3	–5.59	–3.82	P2F-EHp	–5.41	–3.55	1.25	11.31	0.59	8.4	[18]
BTA5	–5.55	–3.71	J52-F	–5.36	–3.42	1.17	13.80	0.70	11.3	[15]
SFPDI	–5.71	–3.69	BDT-ffBX-DT	–5.58	–3.35	1.23	8.9	0.56	6.2	[19]
tPDI2N-EH	–5.90	–3.60	PTQ10	–5.60	–3.0	1.24	8.9	0.55	6.1	[20]
IO-4Cl	–5.72	–3.83	PBDB-TF	–5.41	–3.61	1.24	11.60	0.68	9.8	[6]

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Liu Q, Jiang Y, Jin K, et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 272 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001
[2]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. D18, an eximious solar polymer!. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010502
[3]	Qin J, Zhang L, Zuo C, et al. A chlorinated copolymer donor demonstrates a 18.13% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010501
[4]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. 18.69% PCE from organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 060502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060502
[5]	Zhang M, Zhu L, Zhou G, et al. Single-layered organic photovoltaics with double cascading charge transport pathways: 18% efficiencies. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 309 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20580-8
[6]	Cui Y, Wang Y, Bergqvist J, et al. Wide-gap non-fullerene acceptor enabling high-performance organic photovoltaic cells for indoor applications. Nat Energy, 2019, 4, 768 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0448-5
[7]	Bai Y, Yu R, Bai Y, et al. Ternary blend strategy in benzotriazole-based organic photovoltaics for indoor application. Green Energy Environ, 2021, in press doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2020.07.017
[8]	Reich N H, van Sark W G J H M, Alsema E A, et al. Crystalline silicon cell performance at low light intensities. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2009, 93, 1471 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.03.018
[9]	Ameri T, Li N, Brabec C J. Highly efficient organic tandem solar cells: A follow up review. Energy Environ Sci, 2013, 6, 2390 doi: 10.1039/c3ee40388b
[10]	Elumalai N K, Uddin A. Open circuit voltage of organic solar cells: An in-depth review. Energy Environ Sci, 2016, 9, 391 doi: 10.1039/C5EE02871J
[11]	Vandewal K, Tvingstedt K, Gadisa A, et al. On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer-fullerene solar cells. Nat Mater, 2009, 8, 904 doi: 10.1038/nmat2548
[12]	Tang A, Xiao B, Wang Y, et al. Simultaneously achieved high open-circuit voltage and efficient charge generation by fine-tuning charge-transfer driving force in nonfullerene polymer solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28, 1704507 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704507
[13]	Xiao B, Geng Y, Tang A, et al. Controlling the cyano-containing A₂ segments in A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors to combine with a benzotriazole-based p-type polymer: “Same-acceptor-strategy” for high V_oc organic solar cells. Solar RRL, 2019, 3, 1800332 doi: 10.1002/solr.201800332
[14]	Tang A, Song W, Xiao B, et al. Benzotriazole-based acceptor and donors, coupled with chlorination, achieve a high V_oc of 1.24 V and an efficiency of 10.5% in fullerene-free organic solar cells. Chem Mater, 2019, 31, 3941 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05316
[15]	Wang X, Tang A, Yang J, et al. Tuning the intermolecular interaction of A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors by substituent engineering for organic solar cells with ultrahigh V_oc of ~1.2 V. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, 1666 doi: 10.1007/s11426-020-9840-x
[16]	Chen Y, Jiang X, Chen X, et al. Modulation of three p-type polymers containing a fluorinated-thiophene-fused-benzotriazole unit to pair with a benzotriazole-based non-fullerene acceptor for high V_oc organic solar cells. Macromolecules, 2019, 52, 8625 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01569
[17]	An N, Cai Y, Wu H, et al. Solution-processed organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage of 1.3 V and low non-radiative voltage loss of 0.16 V. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2002122 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002122
[18]	Nie Q, Tang A, Cong P, et al. Wide band gap photovoltaic polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7-dione (TzBI) with ultrahigh V_oc beyond 1.25 V. J Phys Chem C, 2020, 124, 19492 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05914
[19]	Liu X, Du X, Wang J, et al. Efficient organic solar cells with extremely high open-circuit voltages and low voltage losses by suppressing nonradiative recombination losses. Adv Energy Mater, 2018, 8, 1801699 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801699
[20]	Tintori F, Laventure A, Koenig J D B, et al. High open-circuit voltage roll-to-roll compatible processed organic photovoltaics. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8, 13430 doi: 10.1039/D0TC03614E
[21]	Nakano K, Chen Y, Xiao B, et al. Anatomy of the energetic driving force for charge generation in organic solar cells. Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 2520 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10434-3
[22]	Mathews I, Kantareddy S N, Buonassisi T, et al. Technology and market perspective for indoor photovoltaic cells. Joule, 2019, 3, 1415 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.026

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Received: 19 April 2021 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 20 April 2021Uncorrected proof: 21 April 2021Published: 05 July 2021

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2021 > 42(7): 070202

Ailing Tang, Zuo Xiao, Liming Ding, Erjun Zhou. ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202 ****A L Tang, Z Xiao, L M Ding, E J Zhou, ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202.

Citation:

Ailing Tang, Zuo Xiao, Liming Ding, Erjun Zhou. ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202 ****

A L Tang, Z Xiao, L M Ding, E J Zhou, ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202.

Citation:

Ailing Tang, Zuo Xiao, Liming Ding, Erjun Zhou. ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202 ****

A L Tang, Z Xiao, L M Ding, E J Zhou, ~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(7): 070202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202.

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~1.2 V open-circuit voltage from organic solar cells

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/7/070202

1.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2.
Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China

More Information

Ailing Tang：received her PhD degree in physical chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS). She is currently an associate professor at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST). Her research focuses on organic solar cells
Zuo Xiao：got his BS and PhD degrees from Peking University under the supervision of Prof. Liangbing Gan. He did postdoctoral research in Eiichi Nakamura Lab at the University of Tokyo. In March 2011, he joined Liming Ding Group at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as an associate professor. In April 2020, he was promoted to be a full professor. His current research focuses on organic solar cells
Liming Ding：got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on functional materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, the nominator for Xplorer Prize, and the Associate Editors for Science Bulletin and Journal of Semiconductors
Erjun Zhou：received his PhD degree in chemistry from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) in 2007 under the supervision of Prof. Yongfang Li. From 2007 to 2014, he worked in Japan with Prof. Kazuhito Hashimoto and Prof. Keisuke Tajima as a postdoc at the JST, the University of Tokyo and RIKEN. In 2014, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) as a full professor. His research focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of organic functional materials for photovoltaic applications
Corresponding author: ding@nanoctr.cn; zhouej@nanoctr.cn
Received Date: 2021-04-19
Published Date: 2021-07-10

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References

[1]	Liu Q, Jiang Y, Jin K, et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 272 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001
[2]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. D18, an eximious solar polymer!. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010502
[3]	Qin J, Zhang L, Zuo C, et al. A chlorinated copolymer donor demonstrates a 18.13% power conversion efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 010501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/1/010501
[4]	Jin K, Xiao Z, Ding L. 18.69% PCE from organic solar cells. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 060502 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/6/060502
[5]	Zhang M, Zhu L, Zhou G, et al. Single-layered organic photovoltaics with double cascading charge transport pathways: 18% efficiencies. Nat Commun, 2021, 12, 309 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20580-8
[6]	Cui Y, Wang Y, Bergqvist J, et al. Wide-gap non-fullerene acceptor enabling high-performance organic photovoltaic cells for indoor applications. Nat Energy, 2019, 4, 768 doi: 10.1038/s41560-019-0448-5
[7]	Bai Y, Yu R, Bai Y, et al. Ternary blend strategy in benzotriazole-based organic photovoltaics for indoor application. Green Energy Environ, 2021, in press doi: 10.1016/j.gee.2020.07.017
[8]	Reich N H, van Sark W G J H M, Alsema E A, et al. Crystalline silicon cell performance at low light intensities. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2009, 93, 1471 doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.03.018
[9]	Ameri T, Li N, Brabec C J. Highly efficient organic tandem solar cells: A follow up review. Energy Environ Sci, 2013, 6, 2390 doi: 10.1039/c3ee40388b
[10]	Elumalai N K, Uddin A. Open circuit voltage of organic solar cells: An in-depth review. Energy Environ Sci, 2016, 9, 391 doi: 10.1039/C5EE02871J
[11]	Vandewal K, Tvingstedt K, Gadisa A, et al. On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer-fullerene solar cells. Nat Mater, 2009, 8, 904 doi: 10.1038/nmat2548
[12]	Tang A, Xiao B, Wang Y, et al. Simultaneously achieved high open-circuit voltage and efficient charge generation by fine-tuning charge-transfer driving force in nonfullerene polymer solar cells. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28, 1704507 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201704507
[13]	Xiao B, Geng Y, Tang A, et al. Controlling the cyano-containing A₂ segments in A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors to combine with a benzotriazole-based p-type polymer: “Same-acceptor-strategy” for high V_oc organic solar cells. Solar RRL, 2019, 3, 1800332 doi: 10.1002/solr.201800332
[14]	Tang A, Song W, Xiao B, et al. Benzotriazole-based acceptor and donors, coupled with chlorination, achieve a high V_oc of 1.24 V and an efficiency of 10.5% in fullerene-free organic solar cells. Chem Mater, 2019, 31, 3941 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05316
[15]	Wang X, Tang A, Yang J, et al. Tuning the intermolecular interaction of A₂-A₁-D-A₁-A₂ type non-fullerene acceptors by substituent engineering for organic solar cells with ultrahigh V_oc of ~1.2 V. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, 1666 doi: 10.1007/s11426-020-9840-x
[16]	Chen Y, Jiang X, Chen X, et al. Modulation of three p-type polymers containing a fluorinated-thiophene-fused-benzotriazole unit to pair with a benzotriazole-based non-fullerene acceptor for high V_oc organic solar cells. Macromolecules, 2019, 52, 8625 doi: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01569
[17]	An N, Cai Y, Wu H, et al. Solution-processed organic solar cells with high open-circuit voltage of 1.3 V and low non-radiative voltage loss of 0.16 V. Adv Mater, 2020, 32, 2002122 doi: 10.1002/adma.202002122
[18]	Nie Q, Tang A, Cong P, et al. Wide band gap photovoltaic polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7-dione (TzBI) with ultrahigh V_oc beyond 1.25 V. J Phys Chem C, 2020, 124, 19492 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05914
[19]	Liu X, Du X, Wang J, et al. Efficient organic solar cells with extremely high open-circuit voltages and low voltage losses by suppressing nonradiative recombination losses. Adv Energy Mater, 2018, 8, 1801699 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201801699
[20]	Tintori F, Laventure A, Koenig J D B, et al. High open-circuit voltage roll-to-roll compatible processed organic photovoltaics. J Mater Chem C, 2020, 8, 13430 doi: 10.1039/D0TC03614E
[21]	Nakano K, Chen Y, Xiao B, et al. Anatomy of the energetic driving force for charge generation in organic solar cells. Nat Commun, 2019, 10, 2520 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10434-3
[22]	Mathews I, Kantareddy S N, Buonassisi T, et al. Technology and market perspective for indoor photovoltaic cells. Joule, 2019, 3, 1415 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.03.026

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