Chip-based quantum communications

Qingqing Wang; Yun Zheng; Chonghao Zhai; Xudong Li; Qihuang Gong; Jianwei Wang

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901

J. Semicond. > 2021, Volume 42 > Issue 9 > 091901

REVIEWS

Chip-based quantum communications

Qingqing Wang¹, Yun Zheng¹, Chonghao Zhai¹, Xudong Li¹, Qihuang Gong^{1, 2, 3, 4} and Jianwei Wang^{1, 2, 3, 4,}

+ Author Affiliations

1. State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
4. Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China

Author Bio:

Qingqing Wang is a Master’s student in the School of Physics, Peking University. She got her Bachelor degree from Shanxi University in 2018. Her research focuses on quantum key distribution communication networks.

Yun Zheng got his B.Sc. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology in 2019. He is a PhD candidate student at Peking University. His research focuses on integrated quantum information processing, and quantum communications.

Chonghao Zhai is a senior undergraduate student majoring in physics at Peking University. He did an undergraduate project in the PKU Q-chip Lab. His research focuses on integrated photonics and quantum information.

Xudong Li entered the School of Physics, Peking University in 2019 and is now a sophomore. He then joined the PKU Q-chip Lab in the first year of his undergraduate studies. His research interest is in-chip quantum memory and quantum communications.

Qihuang Gong is the Boya Chair Professor and Cheung Kong Professor of Physics at Peking University, China. He is the Academician of Chinese Academy of Science and member of the world academy of sciences, and the President of the Chinese Optical Society and the Vice President of the Chinese Physical Society. His current research interests include ultrafast optics and spectroscopy, nonlinear and quantum photonics, and mesoscopic optical devices for applications in optical information processing and communication.

Jianwei Wang is an Assistant Professor in the School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. He received his Bachelor’s (2008) and Master’s (2011) degrees in from Zhejiang University, and his Ph.D. degree (2016) in Physics at the University of Bristol. His current research interests are quantum information science and technologies with photons, in both fundamental physics and advanced applications.

Corresponding author: Jianwei Wang, jianwei.wang@pku.edu.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901

Abstract: Quantum communications aim to share encryption keys between the transmitters and receivers governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Integrated quantum photonics offers significant advantages of dense integration, high stability and scalability, which enables a vital platform for the implementation of quantum information processing and quantum communications. This article reviews recent experimental progress and advances in the development of integrated quantum photonic devices and systems for quantum communications and quantum networks.

Key words: quantum communications, quantum networks, integrated quantum photonics

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Fig. 1. (Color online) Integrated silicon photonic QKD transmitters. (a) Polarization-encoding PM-QKD transmitter, consisting of ring modulators, VOAs, and polarization modulators^[12]. (b) Three implementations of high-speed QKD^[11]. (c) HOM interference between WCPs generated by III–V on silicon waveguide integrated lasers^[22]. (d) Polarization-encoding MDI-QKD with integrated silicon photonics^[24].

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Fig. 2. (Color online) Integrated InP photonic QKD transmitters. (a) A chip-to-chip QKD system between a 2 × 6 mm² InP transmitter and a 2 × 32 mm² SiO_xN_y receiver^[16]. (b) An implementation of MDI-QKD using two 6 × 2 mm² InP transmitter chips in which two weak coherent states are on-chip generated independently^[25].

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Fig. 3. (Color online) On-chip entangled photon sources. (a) Generation of entangled photons from a single quantum dot embedding in photonic nanostructures^[34]. (b) Generation of entangled photons in a thin-film waveguide using the SPDC process^[35]. (c) Generation of entangled photons in a silicon photonic microring resonator using SFWM process^[46].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4. (Color online) Chip-based entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation. (a) Silicon photonic circuit diagram for a chip-to-chip entanglement distribution experiment^[49], and (b) for a chip-to-chip quantum teleportation experiment^[52], (c) scheme of a visible-telecom entanglement experiment in the silicon nitride system^[53].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 5. (Color online) Integrated quantum memories in the ERIC system. (a) An optical microscope image of five quantum memories in laser-written optical waveguides^[75]. (b) A scanning electron microscope image of a quantum memory integrated in a photonic crystal nanocavity^[78].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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[21]	Hong C K, Ou Z Y, Mandel L. Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference. Phys Rev Lett, 1987, 59, 2044 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2044
[22]	Agnesi C, da Lio B, Cozzolino D, et al. Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between independent III–V on silicon waveguide integrated lasers. Opt Lett, 2019, 44, 271 doi: 10.1364/OL.44.000271
[23]	Rarity J G, Tapster P R, Loudon R. Non-classical interference between independent sources. J Opt B, 2005, 7, S171 doi: 10.1088/1464-4266/7/7/007
[24]	Wei K J, Li W, Tan H, et al. High-speed measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with integrated silicon photonics. Phys Rev X, 2020, 10, 031030 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.10.031030
[25]	Semenenko H, Sibson P, Thompson M G, et al. Interference between independent photonic integrated devices for quantum key distribution. Opt Lett, 2019, 44, 275 doi: 10.1364/OL.44.000275
[26]	Semenenko H, Sibson P, Hart A, et al. Chip-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Optica, 2020, 7, 238 doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.379679
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[28]	Clauser J F, Horne M A, Shimony A, et al. Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories. Phys Rev Lett, 1969, 23, 880 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880
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[30]	Acín A, Brunner N, Gisin N, et al. Device-independent security of quantum cryptography against collective attacks. Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 98, 230501 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.230501
[31]	McKague M. Device independent quantum key distribution secure against coherent attacks with memoryless measurement devices. New J Phys, 2009, 11, 103037 doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/11/10/103037
[32]	Vazirani U, Vidick T. Fully device-independent quantum key distribution. Phys Rev Lett, 2014, 113, 140501 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.140501
[33]	Yin J, Cao Y, Li Y H, et al. Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers. Science, 2017, 356, 1140 doi: 10.1126/science.aan3211
[34]	Liu J, Su R B, Wei Y M, et al. A solid-state source of strongly entangled photon pairs with high brightness and indistinguishability. Nat Nanotechnol, 2019, 14, 586 doi: 10.1038/s41565-019-0435-9
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Received: 26 March 2021 Revised: 06 May 2021 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 05 July 2021Uncorrected proof: 06 July 2021Published: 01 September 2021

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2021 > 42(9): 091901

Qingqing Wang, Yun Zheng, Chonghao Zhai, Xudong Li, Qihuang Gong, Jianwei Wang. Chip-based quantum communications[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(9): 091901. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901 ****Q Q Wang, Y Zheng, C H Zhai, X D Li, Q H Gong, J W Wang, Chip-based quantum communications[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(9): 091901. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901.

Citation:

Qingqing Wang, Yun Zheng, Chonghao Zhai, Xudong Li, Qihuang Gong, Jianwei Wang. Chip-based quantum communications[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(9): 091901. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901 ****

Q Q Wang, Y Zheng, C H Zhai, X D Li, Q H Gong, J W Wang, Chip-based quantum communications[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(9): 091901. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901.

Citation:

Q Q Wang, Y Zheng, C H Zhai, X D Li, Q H Gong, J W Wang, Chip-based quantum communications[J]. J. Semicond., 2021, 42(9): 091901. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901.

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Chip-based quantum communications

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/9/091901

1.
State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
4.
Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China

More Information

Qingqing Wang：is a Master’s student in the School of Physics, Peking University. She got her Bachelor degree from Shanxi University in 2018. Her research focuses on quantum key distribution communication networks
Yun Zheng：got his B.Sc. degree from Harbin Institute of Technology in 2019. He is a PhD candidate student at Peking University. His research focuses on integrated quantum information processing, and quantum communications
Chonghao Zhai：is a senior undergraduate student majoring in physics at Peking University. He did an undergraduate project in the PKU Q-chip Lab. His research focuses on integrated photonics and quantum information
Xudong Li：entered the School of Physics, Peking University in 2019 and is now a sophomore. He then joined the PKU Q-chip Lab in the first year of his undergraduate studies. His research interest is in-chip quantum memory and quantum communications
Qihuang Gong：is the Boya Chair Professor and Cheung Kong Professor of Physics at Peking University, China. He is the Academician of Chinese Academy of Science and member of the world academy of sciences, and the President of the Chinese Optical Society and the Vice President of the Chinese Physical Society. His current research interests include ultrafast optics and spectroscopy, nonlinear and quantum photonics, and mesoscopic optical devices for applications in optical information processing and communication
Jianwei Wang：is an Assistant Professor in the School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China. He received his Bachelor’s (2008) and Master’s (2011) degrees in from Zhejiang University, and his Ph.D. degree (2016) in Physics at the University of Bristol. His current research interests are quantum information science and technologies with photons, in both fundamental physics and advanced applications
Corresponding author: jianwei.wang@pku.edu.cn
Received Date: 2021-03-26
Revised Date: 2021-05-06
Published Date: 2021-09-10

Abstract

Abstract

Quantum communications aim to share encryption keys between the transmitters and receivers governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Integrated quantum photonics offers significant advantages of dense integration, high stability and scalability, which enables a vital platform for the implementation of quantum information processing and quantum communications. This article reviews recent experimental progress and advances in the development of integrated quantum photonic devices and systems for quantum communications and quantum networks.
- quantum communications,
- quantum networks,
- integrated quantum photonics

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References(84)

References

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Chip-based quantum communications

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Chip-based quantum communications

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