Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Dongmei He; Shirong Lu; Juan Hou; Cong Chen; Jiangzhao Chen; Liming Ding

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202

J. Semicond. > 2023, Volume 44 > Issue 2 > 020202

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Dongmei He¹, Shirong Lu², Juan Hou^3,, Cong Chen^4,, Jiangzhao Chen^1, and Liming Ding^5,

+ Author Affiliations

1. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (MoE), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2. Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
3. Department of Physics, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
5. Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Author Bio:

is now a research assistant at College of Optoelectronic Engineering in Chongqing University. She received her PhD from Central South University and is working as a postdoc at Chongqing University. Her current research interests focus on perovskite solar cells.

is a professor in the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology and Taizhou University. He received his PhD on Organic Chemistry from Tohoku University in 2012 under the supervision of Professor Y. Yamamoto, and then continued his postdoctoral research in UCLA and The University of Melbourne. His research interest focuses on novel printable photovoltaic materials and devices.

is a professor at College of Science in Shihezi University. She received her PhD from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and worked as a postdoc at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Her current research interests focus on new energy materials and devices.

is an associate professor at Hebei University of Technology. He received his PhD from Jilin University in June 2019. His main interest is the design of solar cells with high efficiency and long-term stability. Recently, he has carried out a series of work on NIR photodetectors.

is a professor at College of Optoelectronic Engineering in Chongqing University. He received his PhD from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and worked as a postdoc at Sungkyunkwan University and at the University of Hong Kong, respectively. His current research focuses on perovskite solar cells.

got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors.

Corresponding author: Juan Hou, hjuan05@shzu.edu.cn; Cong Chen, chencong@hebut.edu.cn; Jiangzhao Chen, jiangzhaochen@cqu.edu.cn; Liming Ding, ding@nanoctr.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202

References

[1]	National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Best Research Cell Efficiencies. 2022
[2]	Zhang T, Wang F, Kim H B, et al. Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 495 doi: 10.1126/science.abo2757
[3]	Li Z, Li B, Wu X, et al. Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 376, 416 doi: 10.1126/science.abm8566
[4]	Kim M, Jeong J, Lu H, et al. Conformal quantum dot-SnO₂ layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 375, 302 doi: 10.1126/science.abh1885
[5]	Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, et al. Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2022, 611, 278 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05268-x
[6]	Zhao Y, Ma F, Qu Z, et al. Inactive (PbI₂)₂RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 531 doi: 10.1126/science.abp8873
[7]	Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, et al. Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2021, 592, 381 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03406-5
[8]	Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, et al. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science, 2020, 370, 1300 doi: 10.1126/science.abd4016
[9]	Zhang L, Pan X, Liu L, et al. Star perovskite materials. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 030203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030203
[10]	Fang Z, Meng X, Zuo C, et al. Interface engineering gifts CsPbI_2.25Br_0.75 solar cells high performance. Sci Bull, 2019, 64, 1743 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.023
[11]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501
[12]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[13]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[14]	Zhu L, Zhang X, Li M, et al. Trap state passivation by rational ligand molecule engineering toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells exceeding 23% efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11, 2100529 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202100529
[15]	Li M, Li H, Zhuang Q, et al. Stabilizing perovskite precursor by synergy of functional groups for niox-based inverted solar cells with 23.5 % efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61, e202206914 doi: 10.1002/anie.202206914
[16]	Wang T, Zhang Y, Kong W, et al. Transporting holes stably under iodide invasion in efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 1227 doi: 10.1126/science.abq6235
[17]	Li Z, Xiao C, Yang Y, et al. Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells. Energ Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 1234 doi: 10.1039/C7EE00358G
[18]	Wang Y, Wu T, Barbaud J, et al. Stabilizing heterostructures of soft perovskite semiconductors. Science, 2019, 365, 687 doi: 10.1126/science.aax8018
[19]	Bi E, Chen H, Xie F, et al. Diffusion engineering of ions and charge carriers for stable efficient perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun, 2017, 8, 15330 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15330
[20]	Badia L, Mas-Marzá E, Sánchez R S, et al. New iridium complex as additive to the spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability. APL Mater, 2014, 2, 081507 doi: 10.1063/1.4890545
[21]	Koh T M, Dharani S, Li H, et al. Cobalt dopant with deep redox potential for organometal halide hybrid solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 1909 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201400081
[22]	Zhang J, Daniel Q, Zhang T, et al. Chemical dopant engineering in hole transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells: insight into the interfacial recombination. ACS Nano, 2018, 12, 10452 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06062
[23]	Wu T, Zhuang R, Zhao R, et al. Understanding the effects of fluorine substitution in lithium salt on photovoltaic properties and stability of perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2021, 6, 2218 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00685
[24]	Zhang J, Zhang T, Jiang L, et al. 4-tert-butylpyridine free hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells: A new strategy to enhance the environmental and thermal stability. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 1677 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00786
[25]	Calio L, Salado M, Kazim S, et al. A generic route of hydrophobic doping in hole transporting material to increase longevity of perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2018, 2, 1800 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.012
[26]	Xu B, Huang J, Ågren H, et al. AgTFSI as p-type dopant for efficient and stable solid-state dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 3252 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201402678
[27]	Seo J Y, Kim H S, Akin S, et al. Novel p-dopant toward highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Energ Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2985 doi: 10.1039/C8EE01500G
[28]	Saygili Y, Kim H-S, Yang B, et al. Revealing the mechanism of doping of spiro-MeOTAD via Zn complexation in the absence of oxygen and light. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 1271 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00319
[29]	Nguyen W H, Bailie C D, Unger E L, et al. Enhancing the hole-conductivity of spiro-ometad without oxygen or lithium salts by using spiro(TFSI)₂ in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136, 10996 doi: 10.1021/ja504539w
[30]	Tan B, Raga S R, Chesman A S R, et al. LiTFSI-free spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1901519 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901519
[31]	Wang S, Huang Z, Wang X, et al. Unveiling the role of tBP–LiTFSI complexes in perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140, 16720 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09809
[32]	Lamberti F, Gatti T, Cescon E, et al. Evidence of spiro-ometad de-doping by tert-butylpyridine additive in hole-transporting layers for perovskite solar cells. Chem, 2019, 5, 1806 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.003
[33]	Luo J, Xia J, Yang H, et al. Toward high-efficiency, hysteresis-less, stable perovskite solar cells: unusual doping of a hole-transporting material using a fluorine-containing hydrophobic lewis acid. Energ Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2035 doi: 10.1039/C8EE00036K
[34]	Xia J, Zhang Y, Xiao C, et al. Tailoring electric dipole of hole-transporting material p-dopants for perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2022, 6, 1689 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.05.012

Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Comparison between the conventional and ion-modulated (IM) radical doping strategies. (b) J–V characteristics for SnO₂-based PSCs (under different doping). (c) J–V curves for TiO₂-based PSCs (conventional doping vs IM radical doping). (d) Moisture stability for unencapsulated PSCs under 70 ± 5% humidity (conventional doping vs IM radical doping). (e) Thermal stability for the unsealed devices at 70 ± 3 °C. Reproduced with permission^[2], Copyright 2022, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Molecular structures for PTAA, F4TCNQ and LiHFDF. (b) Cross-sectional SEM image for PSCs with HFDF-HTL. (c) J–V curves for PSCs (Li-HTL vs HFDF-HTL). (d) Moisture stability for unsealed PSCs under AM1.5G radiation and ~50% RH (Li-HTL vs HFDF-HTL). (e) Thermal stability for the encapsulated devices with different HTLs under AM1.5G illumination at 85 °C. Reproduced with permission^[16], Copyright 2022, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Best Research Cell Efficiencies. 2022
[2]	Zhang T, Wang F, Kim H B, et al. Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 495 doi: 10.1126/science.abo2757
[3]	Li Z, Li B, Wu X, et al. Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 376, 416 doi: 10.1126/science.abm8566
[4]	Kim M, Jeong J, Lu H, et al. Conformal quantum dot-SnO₂ layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 375, 302 doi: 10.1126/science.abh1885
[5]	Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, et al. Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2022, 611, 278 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05268-x
[6]	Zhao Y, Ma F, Qu Z, et al. Inactive (PbI₂)₂RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 531 doi: 10.1126/science.abp8873
[7]	Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, et al. Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2021, 592, 381 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03406-5
[8]	Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, et al. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science, 2020, 370, 1300 doi: 10.1126/science.abd4016
[9]	Zhang L, Pan X, Liu L, et al. Star perovskite materials. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 030203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030203
[10]	Fang Z, Meng X, Zuo C, et al. Interface engineering gifts CsPbI_2.25Br_0.75 solar cells high performance. Sci Bull, 2019, 64, 1743 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.023
[11]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501
[12]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[13]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[14]	Zhu L, Zhang X, Li M, et al. Trap state passivation by rational ligand molecule engineering toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells exceeding 23% efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11, 2100529 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202100529
[15]	Li M, Li H, Zhuang Q, et al. Stabilizing perovskite precursor by synergy of functional groups for niox-based inverted solar cells with 23.5 % efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61, e202206914 doi: 10.1002/anie.202206914
[16]	Wang T, Zhang Y, Kong W, et al. Transporting holes stably under iodide invasion in efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 1227 doi: 10.1126/science.abq6235
[17]	Li Z, Xiao C, Yang Y, et al. Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells. Energ Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 1234 doi: 10.1039/C7EE00358G
[18]	Wang Y, Wu T, Barbaud J, et al. Stabilizing heterostructures of soft perovskite semiconductors. Science, 2019, 365, 687 doi: 10.1126/science.aax8018
[19]	Bi E, Chen H, Xie F, et al. Diffusion engineering of ions and charge carriers for stable efficient perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun, 2017, 8, 15330 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15330
[20]	Badia L, Mas-Marzá E, Sánchez R S, et al. New iridium complex as additive to the spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability. APL Mater, 2014, 2, 081507 doi: 10.1063/1.4890545
[21]	Koh T M, Dharani S, Li H, et al. Cobalt dopant with deep redox potential for organometal halide hybrid solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 1909 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201400081
[22]	Zhang J, Daniel Q, Zhang T, et al. Chemical dopant engineering in hole transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells: insight into the interfacial recombination. ACS Nano, 2018, 12, 10452 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06062
[23]	Wu T, Zhuang R, Zhao R, et al. Understanding the effects of fluorine substitution in lithium salt on photovoltaic properties and stability of perovskite solar cells. ACS Energy Lett, 2021, 6, 2218 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00685
[24]	Zhang J, Zhang T, Jiang L, et al. 4-tert-butylpyridine free hole transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells: A new strategy to enhance the environmental and thermal stability. ACS Energy Lett, 2018, 3, 1677 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00786
[25]	Calio L, Salado M, Kazim S, et al. A generic route of hydrophobic doping in hole transporting material to increase longevity of perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2018, 2, 1800 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.06.012
[26]	Xu B, Huang J, Ågren H, et al. AgTFSI as p-type dopant for efficient and stable solid-state dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 3252 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201402678
[27]	Seo J Y, Kim H S, Akin S, et al. Novel p-dopant toward highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Energ Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2985 doi: 10.1039/C8EE01500G
[28]	Saygili Y, Kim H-S, Yang B, et al. Revealing the mechanism of doping of spiro-MeOTAD via Zn complexation in the absence of oxygen and light. ACS Energy Lett, 2020, 5, 1271 doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00319
[29]	Nguyen W H, Bailie C D, Unger E L, et al. Enhancing the hole-conductivity of spiro-ometad without oxygen or lithium salts by using spiro(TFSI)₂ in perovskite and dye-sensitized solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136, 10996 doi: 10.1021/ja504539w
[30]	Tan B, Raga S R, Chesman A S R, et al. LiTFSI-free spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cells with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%. Adv Energy Mater, 2019, 9, 1901519 doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901519
[31]	Wang S, Huang Z, Wang X, et al. Unveiling the role of tBP–LiTFSI complexes in perovskite solar cells. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140, 16720 doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b09809
[32]	Lamberti F, Gatti T, Cescon E, et al. Evidence of spiro-ometad de-doping by tert-butylpyridine additive in hole-transporting layers for perovskite solar cells. Chem, 2019, 5, 1806 doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.003
[33]	Luo J, Xia J, Yang H, et al. Toward high-efficiency, hysteresis-less, stable perovskite solar cells: unusual doping of a hole-transporting material using a fluorine-containing hydrophobic lewis acid. Energ Environ Sci, 2018, 11, 2035 doi: 10.1039/C8EE00036K
[34]	Xia J, Zhang Y, Xiao C, et al. Tailoring electric dipole of hole-transporting material p-dopants for perovskite solar cells. Joule, 2022, 6, 1689 doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.05.012

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Received: 16 December 2022 Revised: Online: Accepted Manuscript: 16 December 2022Uncorrected proof: 19 December 2022Published: 10 February 2023

Article Navigation > Journal of Semiconductors > 2023 > 44(2): 020202

Dongmei He, Shirong Lu, Juan Hou, Cong Chen, Jiangzhao Chen, Liming Ding. Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(2): 020202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202 ****Dongmei He, Shirong Lu, Juan Hou, Cong Chen, Jiangzhao Chen, Liming Ding. 2023: Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Journal of Semiconductors, 44(2): 020202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202

Citation:

Dongmei He, Shirong Lu, Juan Hou, Cong Chen, Jiangzhao Chen, Liming Ding. Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(2): 020202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202 ****

Dongmei He, Shirong Lu, Juan Hou, Cong Chen, Jiangzhao Chen, Liming Ding. 2023: Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Journal of Semiconductors, 44(2): 020202. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202

Citation:

PDF( 16367 KB)

Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/020202

1.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (MoE), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2.
Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
3.
Department of Physics, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
5.
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

More Information

Dongmei He：is now a research assistant at College of Optoelectronic Engineering in Chongqing University. She received her PhD from Central South University and is working as a postdoc at Chongqing University. Her current research interests focus on perovskite solar cells
Shirong Lu：is a professor in the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology and Taizhou University. He received his PhD on Organic Chemistry from Tohoku University in 2012 under the supervision of Professor Y. Yamamoto, and then continued his postdoctoral research in UCLA and The University of Melbourne. His research interest focuses on novel printable photovoltaic materials and devices
Juan Hou：is a professor at College of Science in Shihezi University. She received her PhD from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and worked as a postdoc at University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Her current research interests focus on new energy materials and devices
Cong Chen：is an associate professor at Hebei University of Technology. He received his PhD from Jilin University in June 2019. His main interest is the design of solar cells with high efficiency and long-term stability. Recently, he has carried out a series of work on NIR photodetectors
Jiangzhao Chen：is a professor at College of Optoelectronic Engineering in Chongqing University. He received his PhD from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and worked as a postdoc at Sungkyunkwan University and at the University of Hong Kong, respectively. His current research focuses on perovskite solar cells
Liming Ding：got his PhD from University of Science and Technology of China (was a joint student at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS). He started his research on OSCs and PLEDs in Olle Inganäs Lab in 1998. Later on, he worked at National Center for Polymer Research, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Lab (USA). He joined Konarka as a Senior Scientist in 2008. In 2010, he joined National Center for Nanoscience and Technology as a full professor. His research focuses on innovative materials and devices. He is RSC Fellow, and the Associate Editor for Journal of Semiconductors
Corresponding author: hjuan05@shzu.edu.cn; chencong@hebut.edu.cn; jiangzhaochen@cqu.edu.cn; ding@nanoctr.cn
Received Date: 2022-12-16
Available Online: 2022-12-16

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References

[1]	National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Best Research Cell Efficiencies. 2022
[2]	Zhang T, Wang F, Kim H B, et al. Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 495 doi: 10.1126/science.abo2757
[3]	Li Z, Li B, Wu X, et al. Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 376, 416 doi: 10.1126/science.abm8566
[4]	Kim M, Jeong J, Lu H, et al. Conformal quantum dot-SnO₂ layers as electron transporters for efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 375, 302 doi: 10.1126/science.abh1885
[5]	Jiang Q, Tong J, Xian Y, et al. Surface reaction for efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2022, 611, 278 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05268-x
[6]	Zhao Y, Ma F, Qu Z, et al. Inactive (PbI₂)₂RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 531 doi: 10.1126/science.abp8873
[7]	Jeong J, Kim M, Seo J, et al. Pseudo-halide anion engineering for α-FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells. Nature, 2021, 592, 381 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03406-5
[8]	Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, et al. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science, 2020, 370, 1300 doi: 10.1126/science.abd4016
[9]	Zhang L, Pan X, Liu L, et al. Star perovskite materials. J Semicond, 2022, 43, 030203 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/3/030203
[10]	Fang Z, Meng X, Zuo C, et al. Interface engineering gifts CsPbI_2.25Br_0.75 solar cells high performance. Sci Bull, 2019, 64, 1743 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.023
[11]	Zhang Z, Li J, Fang Z, et al. Adjusting energy level alignment between HTL and CsPbI₂Br to improve solar cell efficiency. J Semicond, 2021, 42, 030501 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/42/3/030501
[12]	Cheng M, Zuo C, Wu Y, et al. Charge-transport layer engineering in perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull, 2020, 65, 1237 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.021
[13]	Kim G, Min H, Lee K S, et al. Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells. Science, 2020, 370, 108 doi: 10.1126/science.abc4417
[14]	Zhu L, Zhang X, Li M, et al. Trap state passivation by rational ligand molecule engineering toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells exceeding 23% efficiency. Adv Energy Mater, 2021, 11, 2100529 doi: 10.1002/aenm.202100529
[15]	Li M, Li H, Zhuang Q, et al. Stabilizing perovskite precursor by synergy of functional groups for niox-based inverted solar cells with 23.5 % efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2022, 61, e202206914 doi: 10.1002/anie.202206914
[16]	Wang T, Zhang Y, Kong W, et al. Transporting holes stably under iodide invasion in efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2022, 377, 1227 doi: 10.1126/science.abq6235
[17]	Li Z, Xiao C, Yang Y, et al. Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells. Energ Environ Sci, 2017, 10, 1234 doi: 10.1039/C7EE00358G
[18]	Wang Y, Wu T, Barbaud J, et al. Stabilizing heterostructures of soft perovskite semiconductors. Science, 2019, 365, 687 doi: 10.1126/science.aax8018
[19]	Bi E, Chen H, Xie F, et al. Diffusion engineering of ions and charge carriers for stable efficient perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun, 2017, 8, 15330 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15330
[20]	Badia L, Mas-Marzá E, Sánchez R S, et al. New iridium complex as additive to the spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability. APL Mater, 2014, 2, 081507 doi: 10.1063/1.4890545
[21]	Koh T M, Dharani S, Li H, et al. Cobalt dopant with deep redox potential for organometal halide hybrid solar cells. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7, 1909 doi: 10.1002/cssc.201400081
[22]	Zhang J, Daniel Q, Zhang T, et al. Chemical dopant engineering in hole transport layers for efficient perovskite solar cells: insight into the interfacial recombination. ACS Nano, 2018, 12, 10452 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06062
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Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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Doping organic hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells

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