J. Semicond. > 2023, Volume 44 > Issue 2 > 023105, doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105
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REVIEWS

Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection

Jingjing Wang1, Baozheng Xu1, Yinfang Zhu2, and Junyuan Zhao2,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Yinfang Zhu, yfzhu@semi.ac.cn; Junyuan Zhao, junyuanzhao@semi.ac.cn

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Abstract: Microcantilever is one of the most popular miniaturized structures in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Sensors based on microcantilever are ideal for biochemical detection, since they have high sensitivity, high throughput, good specification, fast response, thus have attracted extensive attentions. A number of devices that are based on static deflections or shifts of resonant frequency of the cantilevers responding to analyte attachment have been demonstrated. This review comprehensively presents state of art of microcantilever sensors working in gaseous and aqueous environments and highlights the challenges and opportunities of microcantilever biochemical sensors.

Key words: microcantilever, sensor, biochemical detection, MEMS



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Fig. 1.  (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of EPM sensor and (b) EPM sensor response to CO.

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Fig. 2.  (Color online) Schematic diagram of the sensor structure and operating principle. (a) Explosive vapor adsorbed on a carbon nanotube sensor. (b) Heating the explosive vapor to make it micro-detonate.

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Fig. 3.  (Color online) Schematic diagram of the PCDS experimental gas sensing device. (a) Controlled vapor generation device. (b) Sensing section.

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Fig. 4.  (Color online) Schematic diagram of the setup and floating cantilever. (a) Top: attached live bacteria. bottom: optical image of the cantilever. (b) Top indicates the acquisition chamber. Bottom: AFM illumination detection system. (c) Description of fluctuations generated by B adsorption on its surface.

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Fig. 5.  (Color online)Schematic diagram of the BMC and its multiple modes of operation. (a) BMC filled with bacteria on a silicon substrate. (b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image located at the bottom of the chip. (c) Cross-section of a cantilevered 32 mm wide microchannel. (d) Fluorescence image of the top of the BMC. (e) SEM image of the BMC tip. (f) Nanomechanical deflection of the BMC when the bacteria inside the BMC absorb infrared light. (g) The resonance frequency is sensitive to the mass increase caused by bacterial adsorption inside the BMC. (h) Nanomechanical deflection map of BMC when irradiated by a range of infrared light shows the wavelengths at which the bacteria absorb infrared light. This can provide excellent selectivity in complex mixtures.

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Fig. 6.  (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the interaction between the probe and target molecules in the embedded MOSFET cantilever system. (b) Schematic diagram of MOSFET drain current variation during probe-target bonding. (c) Variation of drain current with time.

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Fig. 7.  (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the flow cell. (b) Schematic diagram of the closed-loop control system.

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Fig. 8.  (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of the micro-cantilever sensor and (b) scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the cantilever.

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Fig. 9.  (Color online) Illustration of the cantilever arrays (top) and enlarged view of the cantilever (bottom).

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Fig. 10.  (Color online) Setup showing sensor and reference cantilevers and the biofunctionalized cantilever array.

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Fig. 11.  (Color online) (a) Shift of resonant frequency and sensitivity versus w, (b) position dependence of the rectangular cantilever sensitivity and (c) novel stepped microcantilever.

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Fig. 12.  (Color online) (a) The SEM top view of the MCL. (b) The SEM side view of MCL. (c) The schematic of immobilizing the modification process. (d) The entity experiment diagram.

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Fig. 13.  (Color online) (a) Schematic diagram of reaction module. (b) Schematic diagram of electrode and cantilever chip position. (c) Partial enlarged view of ACET electrode. (d) PDMS microfluidic channel chip.

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[21]
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[22]
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[23]
Hwang K S, Lee S M, Kim S K, et al. Micro- and nanocantilever devices and systems for biomolecule detection. Annu Rev Anal Chem, 2009, 2, 77 doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155232
[24]
Chen Y, Xu P C, Li X X. Self-assembling siloxane bilayer directly on SiO2 surface of micro-cantilevers for long-term highly repeatable sensing to trace explosives. Nanotechnology, 2010, 21, 265501 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/26/265501
[25]
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[26]
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[27]
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[28]
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[29]
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[30]
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[31]
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[32]
Ruan W Z, Li Y C, Tan Z M, et al. In situ synthesized carbon nanotube networks on a microcantilever for sensitive detection of explosive vapors. Sens Actuat B, 2013, 176, 141 doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.10.026
[33]
Rahimi M, Chae I, Hawk E J, et al. Methane sensing at room temperature using photothermal cantilever deflection spectroscopy. Sens Actuat B, 2015, 221, 564 doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2015.07.006
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Timurdogan E, Alaca B E, Kavakli I H, et al. MEMS biosensor for detection of hepatitis A and C viruses in serum. Biosens Bioelectron, 2011, 28, 189 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.014
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    Received: 22 November 2022 Revised: 19 December 2022 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 23 December 2022Uncorrected proof: 27 December 2022Corrected proof: 30 January 2023Published: 10 February 2023

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      Article Navigation >  Journal of Semiconductors  > 2023  >  44(2): 023105
      Jingjing Wang, Baozheng Xu, Yinfang Zhu, Junyuan Zhao. Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105 ****Jingjing Wang, Baozheng Xu, Yinfang Zhu, Junyuan Zhao. 2023: Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection. Journal of Semiconductors, 44(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105
      Citation:
      Jingjing Wang, Baozheng Xu, Yinfang Zhu, Junyuan Zhao. Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2023, 44(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105 ****
      Jingjing Wang, Baozheng Xu, Yinfang Zhu, Junyuan Zhao. 2023: Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection. Journal of Semiconductors, 44(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105
      shu

      Microcantilever sensors for biochemical detection

      doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/44/2/023105
      • 1.

        School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300380, China

      • 2.

        Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

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      • Jingjing Wang：received the B.S. degree in electronics science and technology from Tianjin University, P. R. China, in 2011 and the Ph.D. degree in Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China, in 2016. She is currently a lecture with the School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University. She is working on MEMS resonators and sensors. Her research interests include micro-electro-mechanical systems, biological/biomedical sensors, fabrication of micro- or nanostructured surfaces on silicon, and the interface circuit of the cantilever-based sensor
      • Baozheng Xu：is currently working toward the master's degree at Tiangong University. He is currently working on MEMS microcantilever sensors. His research focuses on microelectromechanical systems, biological/biomedical sensors, micro-jet printing, and interface circuits for cantilever-based sensors
      • Yinfang Zhu：received the B.S. degree in microelectronics from Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China, in 2007 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2012. Since 2012, she has been a Research Assistant with the Research Center of Engineering for Semiconductor Integrated Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is the author of 12 articles and 8 inventions. Her research interests include RF MEMS switch, cantilever-based resonators, the reliability of MEMS devices and MEMS sensors
      • Junyuan Zhao：received the B.S. degree in school of physics and electronics, Hunan university, P. R. China, in 2016 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at the State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Semiconductors, CAS, P. R. China, in 2022. He is currently working on MEMS resonators. His research interests include micro-electro-mechanical systems, MEMS biosensors and cancer diagnosis
      • Corresponding author: yfzhu@semi.ac.cn; junyuanzhao@semi.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2022-11-22
      • Revised Date: 2022-12-19
        • Available Online: 2022-12-23

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