Direct evidence of traps controlling the carriers transport in SnO<sub>2</sub> nanobelts

Abstract: This work reports on direct evidence of localized states in undoped SnO₂ nanobelts. Effects of disorder and electron localization were observed in Schottky barrier dependence on the temperature and in thermally stimulated currents. A transition from thermal activation to hopping transport mechanisms was also observed. The energy levels found by thermally stimulated current experiments were in close agreement with transport data confirming the role of localization in determining the properties of devices.

Key words: trap, transport, SnO₂

References:

[1]	Sberveglieri G, Faglia G, Groppelli S. Ultrasensitive and highly selective gas sensors using three-dimensional tungsten oxide nanowire networks[J]. Semicond Sci Technol, 1990, 5(12): 1231. doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/5/12/015
[2]	Göpel W. Ultimate limits in the miniaturization of chemical sensors[J]. Sens Actuators A, 1996, 56(1/2): 83.
[3]	Henrich V E, Cox P A. The surface science of metal oxides. Cambridge University Press, 1994
[4]	Barsan N, Schweizer-Berberich M, Gopel W. Fundamental and practical aspects in the design of nanoscaled SnO₂ gas sensors: a status report[J]. Fresenius J Anal, 1999, 365(4): 287. doi: 10.1007/s002160051490
[5]	Kolmakov A, Klenov D O, Lilach Y. Enhanced gas sensing by individual SnO₂ nanowires and nanobelts functionalized with Pd catalyst particles[J]. Nano Lett, 2005, 5(4): 667. doi: 10.1021/nl050082v
[6]	Dai Z R, Gole J R, Stout J D. Tin oxide nanowires, nanoribbons, and nanotubes[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2002, 106(6): 1274. doi: 10.1021/jp013214r
[7]	Grace Lu J, Chang P, Fan Z. Quasi-one-dimensional metal oxide materials-synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Mater Sci Eng R, 2006, 52(1–3): 49.
[8]	Lanfredi A J C, Geraldes R R, Berengue O M. Electron transport properties of undoped SnO₂ monocrystals[J]. J Appl Phys, 2009, 105(2): 023708. doi: 10.1063/1.3068185
[9]	Berengue O M, Kanashiro M K, Chiquito A J. Detection of oxygen vacancy defect states in oxide nanobelts by using thermally stimulated current spectroscopy[J]. Semicond Sci Technol, 2012, 27(6): 065021. doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/27/6/065021
[10]	Berengue O M, Simon R A, Chiquito A J. Semiconducting Sn₃O₄ nanobelts: growth and electronic structure[J]. J Appl Phys, 2010, 107(3): 0337171.
[11]	Korber C, Harvey S P, Mason T O. Barrier heights at the SnO₂/Pt interface: in situ photoemission and electrical properties[J]. Surf Sci, 2008, 602(21): 3246. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2008.08.015
[12]	Wager J F. Transparent electronics: Schottky barrier and heterojunction considerations[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516(8): 1755. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.164
[13]	Werner J H, Guttler H H. Barrier inhomogeneities at Schottky contacts[J]. J Appl Phys, 1991, 69(3): 1522. doi: 10.1063/1.347243
[14]	Lai M, Lim J H, Mibeen S. Size-controlled electrochemical synthesis and properties of SnO₂ nanotubes[J]. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20(18): 185602. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185602
[15]	Mott N F. Metal–insulator transitions. Taylor and Francis, 1990
[16]	Wrobel J M, Gubanski A, Placzek-Popko E. Thermally stimulated current in high resistivity Cd_0.85Mn_0.15Te doped with indium[J]. J Appl Phys, 2008, 103(6): 063720. doi: 10.1063/1.2894576
[17]	Wright H C, Allen G A. Thermally stimulated current analysis[J]. J Appl Phys, 1966, 17(9): 1181.

[1]	Sberveglieri G, Faglia G, Groppelli S. Ultrasensitive and highly selective gas sensors using three-dimensional tungsten oxide nanowire networks[J]. Semicond Sci Technol, 1990, 5(12): 1231. doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/5/12/015
[2]	Göpel W. Ultimate limits in the miniaturization of chemical sensors[J]. Sens Actuators A, 1996, 56(1/2): 83.
[3]	Henrich V E, Cox P A. The surface science of metal oxides. Cambridge University Press, 1994
[4]	Barsan N, Schweizer-Berberich M, Gopel W. Fundamental and practical aspects in the design of nanoscaled SnO₂ gas sensors: a status report[J]. Fresenius J Anal, 1999, 365(4): 287. doi: 10.1007/s002160051490
[5]	Kolmakov A, Klenov D O, Lilach Y. Enhanced gas sensing by individual SnO₂ nanowires and nanobelts functionalized with Pd catalyst particles[J]. Nano Lett, 2005, 5(4): 667. doi: 10.1021/nl050082v
[6]	Dai Z R, Gole J R, Stout J D. Tin oxide nanowires, nanoribbons, and nanotubes[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2002, 106(6): 1274. doi: 10.1021/jp013214r
[7]	Grace Lu J, Chang P, Fan Z. Quasi-one-dimensional metal oxide materials-synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Mater Sci Eng R, 2006, 52(1–3): 49.
[8]	Lanfredi A J C, Geraldes R R, Berengue O M. Electron transport properties of undoped SnO₂ monocrystals[J]. J Appl Phys, 2009, 105(2): 023708. doi: 10.1063/1.3068185
[9]	Berengue O M, Kanashiro M K, Chiquito A J. Detection of oxygen vacancy defect states in oxide nanobelts by using thermally stimulated current spectroscopy[J]. Semicond Sci Technol, 2012, 27(6): 065021. doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/27/6/065021
[10]	Berengue O M, Simon R A, Chiquito A J. Semiconducting Sn₃O₄ nanobelts: growth and electronic structure[J]. J Appl Phys, 2010, 107(3): 0337171.
[11]	Korber C, Harvey S P, Mason T O. Barrier heights at the SnO₂/Pt interface: in situ photoemission and electrical properties[J]. Surf Sci, 2008, 602(21): 3246. doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2008.08.015
[12]	Wager J F. Transparent electronics: Schottky barrier and heterojunction considerations[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516(8): 1755. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.164
[13]	Werner J H, Guttler H H. Barrier inhomogeneities at Schottky contacts[J]. J Appl Phys, 1991, 69(3): 1522. doi: 10.1063/1.347243
[14]	Lai M, Lim J H, Mibeen S. Size-controlled electrochemical synthesis and properties of SnO₂ nanotubes[J]. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20(18): 185602. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185602
[15]	Mott N F. Metal–insulator transitions. Taylor and Francis, 1990
[16]	Wrobel J M, Gubanski A, Placzek-Popko E. Thermally stimulated current in high resistivity Cd_0.85Mn_0.15Te doped with indium[J]. J Appl Phys, 2008, 103(6): 063720. doi: 10.1063/1.2894576
[17]	Wright H C, Allen G A. Thermally stimulated current analysis[J]. J Appl Phys, 1966, 17(9): 1181.

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O M Berengue, A J Chiquito. Direct evidence of traps controlling the carriers transport in SnO2 nanobelts[J]. J. Semicond., 2017, 38(12): 122001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/12/122001.

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