Processing math: 100%
J. Semicond. > 2022, Volume 43 > Issue 6 > 062302

ARTICLES

Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm

Fangyuan Meng1, 2, 3, Hongyan Yu1, 2, 3, Xuliang Zhou1, 2, 3, Mengqi Wang1, 2, 3, Yejin Zhang2, Wenyu Yang1, 2, 3 and Jiaoqing Pan1, 2, 3,

+ Author Affiliations

 Corresponding author: Jiaoqing Pan, jqpan@semi.ac.cn

DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302

PDF

Turn off MathJax

Abstract: A wide wavelength tuning range and single-mode hybrid cavity laser consists of a square Whispering-Gallery (WG) microcavity and a Fabry–Pérot (FP) was introduced and demonstrated. A wavelength tuning range over 12.5 nm from 1760.87 to 1773.39 nm which was single-mode emitting was obtained with the side-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB. The hybrid cavity laser does not need grating etching and special epitaxial structure, which reduces the fabrication difficulty and cost, and shows the potential for gas sensing with absorption lines in this range.

Key words: wavelength tunablehybrid cavity laserWhispering-Gallery microcavitygas sensing

In the process of mining, industrial production and transportation, toxic, explosive and corrosive gases are often produced[1]. To ensure the quality of products and safety in the production process, real-time monitoring of gas components, concentrations, and other parameters plays an important role[2, 3]. It is worth mentioning that semiconductor lasers emitting at 1.6–1.9 μm with the strong absorption lines of various gases, such as ethylene, methane, hydrogen chloride, and nitric oxide, have gained a lot of interest for working as the light source on gas sensing[4-6]. Combined with the requirements of gas sensing, several wavelength tunable semiconductor lasers are proposed and fabricated, like distributed feedback (DFB) lasers[4, 7, 8], distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers[9-13], and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs)[14-16]. The mode selection of DFB and DBR lasers is based on Bragg grating, which requires fine etching and regrowth process. The VCSELs are based on the DBR structure composed of multilayer materials. Therefore, these lasers always require either fine fabrication technology or complex epitaxial structure, which caused high fabrication costs. Hybrid cavity lasers[17-20] can realize wavelength tuning without etching grating, which have attracted people's attention. We noticed that a kind of hybrid cavity semiconductor laser based on a Whispering-Gallery (WG) microcavity and a Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity, was able to realize a larger wavelength tunable range while with lower cost[21-23]. Due to short cavity length, it is easy to realize single longitudinal mode operation for microcavity lasers. However, a conventional FP cavity laser is usually multiple longitudinal lasing. The hybrid cavity composed of an FP cavity and a square microcavity has been demonstrated for mode selection by enhancing the mode Q factor for hybrid mode between the WG and FP mode. Stable single-mode operation is realized by injecting currents to the square microcavity and the FP cavity sections at the same time[24]. However, the existing WG-FP hybrid cavity lasers are basically emitting at the C band, which are used in optical communication but are barely used in gas sensing.

Therefore, in this paper, we report a single-mode WG-FP hybrid cavity laser with a wide wavelength tuning range from 1760.87 to 1773.39 nm. The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) for the whole tuning range is over 30 dB. And the lasing output power was over 3.5 mW at 20 °C. Compared with the DFB lasers, DBR lasers, and VCSELs, the hybrid cavity laser does not introduce the grating etching process and complex epitaxial structure, which can reduce the fabrication difficulty and cost. And the over –12.5 nm tuning range incorporates absorption lines of methane and hydrogen chloride[25], showing a practical perspective for gas sensing with this hybrid-cavity laser.

Aiming to study the mode characteristics of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser, a systematic numerical simulation based on the two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM) was adopted[26]. The setting of simulation parameters is shown in Fig. 1. The refractive indices of the hybrid cavity, the bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) which surrounds the cavities are 3.2 and 1.54, respectively. In practice, the light emits directly into the air from the end of the FP cavity, therefore, an air layer is added with a refractive index of 1. The WG-FP hybrid cavity laser consists of a square microcavity with the side length a = 20 μm, and an FP cavity with the length L = 360 μm, the width w = 3 μm. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is set as the boundary condition because it can absorb all the scattered light to simulate an infinite space, which is consistent with reality. After building the simulation model, we simulated the mode Q factors, field distributions, and far-field behaviors under different eigenfrequency by calculating the characteristic solution f of Maxwell's characteristic equation.

Figure  1.  (Color online) The simulation parameters of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.

To explore the influence of square microcavity on lasing mode selection, mode Q factor that varied with different mode wavelengths was simulated, as shown in Fig. 2, where the Q factor can be defined as [27]:

Figure  2.  (Color online) The mode Q factor variation with different mode wavelength when (a) Im(nWG) = Im(nFP) = 0. (b) Im(nWG) decreases from 0.00003 to –0.00003 while Im(nFP) = 0.
Q=Re(f)2|Im(f)|. (1)

Referring to Fig. 2(a),the mode Q factor in the WG-FP hybrid cavity fluctuated periodically, and the Q factors were significant at the mode wavelengths of 1747.8, 1764.8, and 1782.2 nm. Based on the relationship between the gain coefficient g and the imaginary part of the refractive index Im(n) [28]:

g=2ωIm(n)c=4πIm(n)λ, (2)

where ω is the angular frequency of light waves, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of light waves.

The relationship between Q factor and gain of the mode wavelength at 1764.8 nm was explored. By changing the imaginary part of the refractive index of the square microcavity Im(nWG), while keeping the imaginary part of the refractive index of the FP cavity Im(nFP) = 0, the change of the mode Q factor was studied with the imaginary part of the refractive index of the square microcavity changed. As shown in Fig. 2(b), as Im(nWG) decreased from 3 × 10-5 to –3 × 10-5, which means the gain coefficient increased from –2.1 to 2.1 cm–1, the mode Q factor near the mode wavelength of 1764.8 nm increased with the improvement of the gain coefficient, which showed low sensitivity to the variation of Im(nWG) at other mode wavelengths. We infer that the mode at 1764.8 nm is the coupling mode of the square microcavity and the FP cavity.

To study the center wavelength tuning ability of the laser, we changed the real part of the refractive index of the square cavity Re(nWG) to characterize the change of the laser when the working current is applied. As shown in Fig. 3, the mode center wavelengths with the change of the index ΔnWG were simulated. It can be found that as the refractive index increased, the mode center wavelength of the laser gradually redshifted.

Figure  3.  The mode center wavelengths variation with the change of the real part of the square microcavity refractive index ΔnWG.

In this paper, the materials of the devices were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) equipment. Combined with the experiences of material epitaxy in our group[5, 7, 10], we chose InGaAs/InGaAsP multi-quantum wells (MQWs) as the active region and the whole material structure was epitaxially grown on an n-type InP substrate. The strained MQW consisted of four pairs of 9.5 nm compressively strained InGaAs wells and 12 nm five tensile strained InGaAsP barriers embedded in two undoped InGaAsP (λPL = 1.3 μm, where PL stands for photoluminescence) separate confinement layers (SCH). A 1700 nm InP layer with a lower refractive index used for limiting the light field, formed the upper cladding layer. A 200 nm InGaAs was deposited on the top of the whole structure as a contact layer.

Compared with DFB and DBR lasers, the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser does not need to etch grating, which reduces regrowth processes, simplifies the fabrication process, and reduces the cost. The fabrication process of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser is shown in Fig. 4. Standard contacting photolithography and the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching method were adopted to ensure the quality of the cavity. As shown in Fig. 5(a), the sidewall was supposed to be vertical and smooth. To reduce the light leakage to the substrate, the etching depth was greater than 4.5 μm, which meant the quantum well region was exposed. SiO2 and BCB layers were deposited and coated to protect the active region from oxidation and electric leakage, and a large area of reactive ion etching (RIE) was performed then to expose the top of the contact layer for depositing the electrode metal. To guarantee the two cavities will be electrically isolated from each other, the p-InGaAs contact layer should be removed. Therefore, a shallow isolation trench of about 300 nm in depth and 5 μm in width was formed by wet etching. This depth is far from the active region and the waveguide layer, which will not affect the mode characteristics of the device. At last, Ti/Au and AuGeNi/Au were deposited to form p and n type electrodes respectively. The microscope image of the fabricated WG-FP hybrid cavity laser was shown in Fig. 5(b), two rectangular p-type electrodes are used for current injection into the two cavities separately.

Figure  4.  (Color online) Fabrication process of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.
Figure  5.  (Color online) (a) Cross-sectional view SEM image after ICP etching. (b) The microscope image of the fabricated WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.

The hybrid-cavity was mounted on a Cu submount with the p-side upward and was tested under continuous-wave (CW) at 20 °C. To ensure that the two cavities were electrically isolated from each other, we tested the I–V curve. The isolation resistance is about 25 kΩ as calculated, which was enough to achieve the electrical isolation[21]. For a WG-FP hybrid cavity laser with dimensions of a = 20 μm, L = 360 μm, w = 3 μm, the output power was collected by an integrating sphere. Light power varied with the injection currents of the FP cavity (IFP) curves were plotted in Fig. 6 (a) under the injection currents of the WG cavity (IWG) at 0, 2, 5, and 10 mA. Owing to the WG cavity did not work when IWG = 0 mA, the laser did not emit. The threshold current Ith reduced from 42 to 30 mA and the output power increased from 2.1 to 3.6 mW, as shown in Fig. 6(a), when IFP increased to 60 mA and IWG increased from 2 to 10 mA, which showed the positive feedback effect from the square microcavity. This was due to the improvement of the mode Q factor for the hybrid mode, which was in accord with the trend of simulation in Fig. 2. The slope efficiencies were estimated to be about 0.116 W/A when IWG = 10 mA, IFP = 60 mA, respectively. The dependence of threshold current on temperature was shown in the inset of Fig. 6(b). Basing on the empirical relation, Ith = I0exp(T/T0), a characteristic temperature (T0) was calculated as 44.3 K at 20 °C after fitting.

Figure  6.  (Color online) (a) Curves of light power variation with IFP at the IWG are 0, 2, 5, and 10 mA. (b) Lasing spectrum measured for the laser under IFP = 80 mA, IWG = 70 mA.

The emitting light was partially collected by a tapered fiber and transmitted to an optical spectrum analyzer with a resolution of 0.05 nm through a single-mode fiber. Lasing spectrum measured for the laser under IFP = 80 mA, IWG = 70 mA was shown in Fig. 6(b). The laser emitted as a single mode with the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 33.79 dB. As shown in Figs. 7(a) and 7(c), when IFP = 80 mA, the center wavelength redshifted from 1761.52 to 1771.63 nm (10.11 nm) with the SMSRs over 28 dB, as the IWG continuously increased from 5 to 88 mA. As shown in Figs. 7(b) and 7(d), when IWG = 35 mA, the center wavelength redshifted from 1762.32 to 1763.05 nm (0.73 nm) with SMSRs over 32 dB, as the IFP continuously increased from 40 to 80 mA. Owing to the small size of the square microcavity, it is more sensitive to the changes of temperature and refractive index. Therefore, the square cavity has a greater influence on the wavelength change which can be used for coarse tuning, while the FP cavity can be used for fine-tuning.

Figure  7.  (Color online) Lasing characteristics with the variations of IFP and IWG for the laser. Lasing spectra (a) variation with IWG at IFP = 80 mA, (b) variation with IFP at IWG = 35 mA. Dominant lasing mode wavelengths and corresponding SMSRs (c) variation with IWG at IFP = 80 mA, (d) variation with IFP at IWG = 35 mA, respectively.

By varying the injected current of the square cavity and FP cavity simultaneously, the wavelength tuning range of 12.52 nm from 1760.87 to 1773.39 nm was realized, and the SMSRs were above 30 dB for the whole course. The superimposed lasing spectrum is shown in Fig. 8. Compared with the previous works[5, 10, 25, 27], the wavelength tuning range has been improved.

Figure  8.  (Color online) Superimposed lasing spectra with a wavelength continuous tuning range of 12.52 nm by varying IFP and IWG simultaneously.

In conclusion, a hybrid-cavity laser consisting of a square Whispering-Gallery microcavity and a Fabry–Pérot was demonstrated. The output power was over 3.5 mW and a wavelength tuning range over 12.5 nm were obtained. Besides, the laser performed single-mode emitting with the side-mode suppression ratio over 30 dB. Light-emitting range from 1760.87 to 1773.39 nm corresponds to the absorption lines of methane and hydrogen chloride. Moreover, grating etching process and complex epitaxial structure were not introduced into the fabrication process, which reduced the manufacturing difficulty and cost while achieving a wide wavelength tuning range as well. Thus, the device yield will be improved, and it is more conducive to production. Therefore, the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser illustrated a practical perspective for certain purposes of gas sensing.

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0209001), the Key Project of Frontier Science Research Project of CAS (Grant No. QYZDY-SSW-JSC021), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB43020202).



[1]
Bakhirkin Y A, Kosterev A A, Roller C, et al. Mid-infrared quantum cascade laser based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for biogenic nitric oxide detection. Appl Opt, 2004, 43, 2257 doi: 10.1364/AO.43.002257
[2]
Fobelets K, Panteli C, Sydoruk O, et al. Ammonia sensing using arrays of silicon nanowires and graphene. J Semicond, 2018, 39, 063001 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/6/063001
[3]
Chen Z S, Chen Z, Song Z L, et al. Smart gas sensor arrays powered by artificial intelligence. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 111601 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/11/111601
[4]
Zeller W, Naehle L, Fuchs P, et al. DFB lasers between 760 nm and 16 μm for sensing applications. Sens Basel Switz, 2010, 10, 2492 doi: 10.3390/s100402492
[5]
Yu H Y, Wang P F, Mi J P, et al. 1.8-μm DBR lasers with over 11-nm continous wavelength tuning range for multi-species gas detection. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, 2017, 1
[6]
Tao L, Kai Z, Cuiluan W, et al. Fabrication of practical 1730 nm waveband laser diodes with buried heterojunction structures. Chin J Semicond, 2006, 27, 1467
[7]
Yu H Y, Pan J Q, Shao Y B, et al. 1.82-μm distributed feedback lasers with InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple-quantum wells for a H2O sensing system. Chin Opt Lett, 2013, 11, 31404 doi: 10.3788/COL201311.031404
[8]
Guo X H, He A, Su Y K. Recent advances of heterogeneously integrated III–V laser on Si. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 101304 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/10/101304
[9]
Liu Y, Sun Y, Kong D H, et al. Frequency and wavelength tunable optical microwave source based on a distributed Bragg reflector self-pulsation laser. J Semicond, 2010, 31, 064007 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/064007
[10]
Niu B, Yu H Y, Yu L Q, et al. A 1.65 μm three-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser for CH4 gas sensors. J Semicond, 2013, 34, 104004 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/104004
[11]
Yu H Y, Pan J Q, Zhou X L, et al. A widely tunable three-section DBR lasers for multi-species gas detection. Appl Sci, 2021, 11, 2618 doi: 10.3390/app11062618
[12]
Yu H Y, Wang M Q, Zhou D B, et al. A 1.6-μm widely tunable distributed Bragg reflector laser diode based on InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum-wells material. Opt Commun, 2021, 497, 127201 doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127201
[13]
Luo H, Yang C G, Xie S W, et al. High order DBR GaSb based single longitude mode diode lasers at 2 μm wavelength. J Semicond, 2018, 39, 104007 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/10/104007
[14]
Chang-Hasnain C J. Tunable VCSEL. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2000, 6, 978 doi: 10.1109/2944.902146
[15]
Potsaid B, Jayaraman V, Fujimoto J G, et al. MEMS tunable VCSEL light source for ultrahigh speed 60kHz – 1MHz axial scan rate and long range centimeter class OCT imaging. Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI, 2012, 8213, 8213M
[16]
Schilt S, Zogal K, Kögel B, et al. Spectral and modulation properties of a largely tunable MEMS-VCSEL in view of gas phase spectroscopy applications. Appl Phys B, 2010, 100, 321 doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-3898-9
[17]
Coldren L A, Miller B I, Iga K, et al. Monolithic two-section GaInAsP/InP active-optical-resonator devices formed by reactive ion etching. Appl Phys Lett, 1981, 38, 315 doi: 10.1063/1.92353
[18]
Liu B, Shakouri A, Bowers J E. Wide tunable double ring resonator coupled lasers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2002, 14, 600 doi: 10.1109/68.998697
[19]
Jin J L, Wang L, Yu T T, et al. Widely wavelength switchable V-coupled-cavity semiconductor laser with ~40 dB side-mode suppression ratio. Opt Lett, 2011, 36, 4230 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004230
[20]
Chen Q A, Ma X, Sun W, et al. Demonstration of multi-channel interference widely tunable semiconductor laser. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2016, 28, 2862 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2016.2624308
[21]
Ma X W, Huang Y Z, Yang Y D, et al. Mode and lasing characteristics for hybrid square-rectangular lasers. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2017, 23, 1 doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2652059
[22]
Ma X W, Huang Y Z, Yang Y D, et al. All-optical flip-flop based on hybrid square-rectangular bistable lasers. Opt Lett, 2017, 42, 2291 doi: 10.1364/OL.42.002291
[23]
Hao Y Z, Huang Y Z, Wang F L, et al. Widely tunable single-mode hybrid square/rhombus-rectangular lasers. 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, 2018, 1
[24]
Huang Y Z, Ma X W, Yang Y D, et al. Hybrid-cavity semiconductor lasers with a whispering-gallery cavity for controlling Q factor. Sci China Inf Sci, 2018, 61, 1 doi: 10.1007/s11432-017-9361-3
[25]
Mi J P, Yu H Y, Yuan L J, et al. Distributed Bragg reflector laser (1.8 μm) with 10 nm wavelength tuning range. Chin Opt Lett, 2015, 13, 41401 doi: 10.3788/COL201513.041401
[26]
Bathe K J, Wilson E L. Numerical methods in finite element analysis. Prentice Hall, 1976
[27]
Meng F Y, Yu H Y, Zhou X L, et al. Quantum wells micro-ring resonator laser emitting at 1746 nm for gas sensing. Chin Opt Lett, 2021, 19, 041406 doi: 10.3788/COL202119.041406
[28]
Handbook of optics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001
Fig. 1.  (Color online) The simulation parameters of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.

Fig. 2.  (Color online) The mode Q factor variation with different mode wavelength when (a) Im(nWG) = Im(nFP) = 0. (b) Im(nWG) decreases from 0.00003 to –0.00003 while Im(nFP) = 0.

Fig. 3.  The mode center wavelengths variation with the change of the real part of the square microcavity refractive index ΔnWG.

Fig. 4.  (Color online) Fabrication process of the WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.

Fig. 5.  (Color online) (a) Cross-sectional view SEM image after ICP etching. (b) The microscope image of the fabricated WG-FP hybrid cavity laser.

Fig. 6.  (Color online) (a) Curves of light power variation with IFP at the IWG are 0, 2, 5, and 10 mA. (b) Lasing spectrum measured for the laser under IFP = 80 mA, IWG = 70 mA.

Fig. 7.  (Color online) Lasing characteristics with the variations of IFP and IWG for the laser. Lasing spectra (a) variation with IWG at IFP = 80 mA, (b) variation with IFP at IWG = 35 mA. Dominant lasing mode wavelengths and corresponding SMSRs (c) variation with IWG at IFP = 80 mA, (d) variation with IFP at IWG = 35 mA, respectively.

Fig. 8.  (Color online) Superimposed lasing spectra with a wavelength continuous tuning range of 12.52 nm by varying IFP and IWG simultaneously.

[1]
Bakhirkin Y A, Kosterev A A, Roller C, et al. Mid-infrared quantum cascade laser based off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy for biogenic nitric oxide detection. Appl Opt, 2004, 43, 2257 doi: 10.1364/AO.43.002257
[2]
Fobelets K, Panteli C, Sydoruk O, et al. Ammonia sensing using arrays of silicon nanowires and graphene. J Semicond, 2018, 39, 063001 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/6/063001
[3]
Chen Z S, Chen Z, Song Z L, et al. Smart gas sensor arrays powered by artificial intelligence. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 111601 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/11/111601
[4]
Zeller W, Naehle L, Fuchs P, et al. DFB lasers between 760 nm and 16 μm for sensing applications. Sens Basel Switz, 2010, 10, 2492 doi: 10.3390/s100402492
[5]
Yu H Y, Wang P F, Mi J P, et al. 1.8-μm DBR lasers with over 11-nm continous wavelength tuning range for multi-species gas detection. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, 2017, 1
[6]
Tao L, Kai Z, Cuiluan W, et al. Fabrication of practical 1730 nm waveband laser diodes with buried heterojunction structures. Chin J Semicond, 2006, 27, 1467
[7]
Yu H Y, Pan J Q, Shao Y B, et al. 1.82-μm distributed feedback lasers with InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple-quantum wells for a H2O sensing system. Chin Opt Lett, 2013, 11, 31404 doi: 10.3788/COL201311.031404
[8]
Guo X H, He A, Su Y K. Recent advances of heterogeneously integrated III–V laser on Si. J Semicond, 2019, 40, 101304 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/10/101304
[9]
Liu Y, Sun Y, Kong D H, et al. Frequency and wavelength tunable optical microwave source based on a distributed Bragg reflector self-pulsation laser. J Semicond, 2010, 31, 064007 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/31/6/064007
[10]
Niu B, Yu H Y, Yu L Q, et al. A 1.65 μm three-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser for CH4 gas sensors. J Semicond, 2013, 34, 104004 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/34/10/104004
[11]
Yu H Y, Pan J Q, Zhou X L, et al. A widely tunable three-section DBR lasers for multi-species gas detection. Appl Sci, 2021, 11, 2618 doi: 10.3390/app11062618
[12]
Yu H Y, Wang M Q, Zhou D B, et al. A 1.6-μm widely tunable distributed Bragg reflector laser diode based on InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum-wells material. Opt Commun, 2021, 497, 127201 doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127201
[13]
Luo H, Yang C G, Xie S W, et al. High order DBR GaSb based single longitude mode diode lasers at 2 μm wavelength. J Semicond, 2018, 39, 104007 doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/10/104007
[14]
Chang-Hasnain C J. Tunable VCSEL. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2000, 6, 978 doi: 10.1109/2944.902146
[15]
Potsaid B, Jayaraman V, Fujimoto J G, et al. MEMS tunable VCSEL light source for ultrahigh speed 60kHz – 1MHz axial scan rate and long range centimeter class OCT imaging. Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI, 2012, 8213, 8213M
[16]
Schilt S, Zogal K, Kögel B, et al. Spectral and modulation properties of a largely tunable MEMS-VCSEL in view of gas phase spectroscopy applications. Appl Phys B, 2010, 100, 321 doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-3898-9
[17]
Coldren L A, Miller B I, Iga K, et al. Monolithic two-section GaInAsP/InP active-optical-resonator devices formed by reactive ion etching. Appl Phys Lett, 1981, 38, 315 doi: 10.1063/1.92353
[18]
Liu B, Shakouri A, Bowers J E. Wide tunable double ring resonator coupled lasers. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2002, 14, 600 doi: 10.1109/68.998697
[19]
Jin J L, Wang L, Yu T T, et al. Widely wavelength switchable V-coupled-cavity semiconductor laser with ~40 dB side-mode suppression ratio. Opt Lett, 2011, 36, 4230 doi: 10.1364/OL.36.004230
[20]
Chen Q A, Ma X, Sun W, et al. Demonstration of multi-channel interference widely tunable semiconductor laser. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett, 2016, 28, 2862 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2016.2624308
[21]
Ma X W, Huang Y Z, Yang Y D, et al. Mode and lasing characteristics for hybrid square-rectangular lasers. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2017, 23, 1 doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2652059
[22]
Ma X W, Huang Y Z, Yang Y D, et al. All-optical flip-flop based on hybrid square-rectangular bistable lasers. Opt Lett, 2017, 42, 2291 doi: 10.1364/OL.42.002291
[23]
Hao Y Z, Huang Y Z, Wang F L, et al. Widely tunable single-mode hybrid square/rhombus-rectangular lasers. 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, 2018, 1
[24]
Huang Y Z, Ma X W, Yang Y D, et al. Hybrid-cavity semiconductor lasers with a whispering-gallery cavity for controlling Q factor. Sci China Inf Sci, 2018, 61, 1 doi: 10.1007/s11432-017-9361-3
[25]
Mi J P, Yu H Y, Yuan L J, et al. Distributed Bragg reflector laser (1.8 μm) with 10 nm wavelength tuning range. Chin Opt Lett, 2015, 13, 41401 doi: 10.3788/COL201513.041401
[26]
Bathe K J, Wilson E L. Numerical methods in finite element analysis. Prentice Hall, 1976
[27]
Meng F Y, Yu H Y, Zhou X L, et al. Quantum wells micro-ring resonator laser emitting at 1746 nm for gas sensing. Chin Opt Lett, 2021, 19, 041406 doi: 10.3788/COL202119.041406
[28]
Handbook of optics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001
1

Influence of precursor solution concentration on the structural, optical and humidity sensing properties of spray-deposited TiO2 thin films

Dipak L Gapale, Sandeep A Arote, Balasaheb M Palve, Ratan Y Borse

Journal of Semiconductors, 2018, 39(12): 122003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/39/12/122003

2

A simple chemical route to synthesize the umangite phase of copper selenide (Cu3Se2) thin film at room temperature

Balasaheb M. Palve, Sandesh R. Jadkar, Habib M. Pathan

Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(6): 063003. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/6/063003

3

Energy-efficient digital and wireless IC design for wireless smart sensing

Jun Zhou, Xiongchuan Huang, Chao Wang, Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim, Yong Lian, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2017, 38(10): 105005. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/38/10/105005

4

Synthesis of metal oxide composite nanosheets and their pressure sensing properties

Muhammad Tariq Saeed Chani, Sher Bahadar Khan, Kh. S. Karimov, M. Abid, Abdullah M. Asiri, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2015, 36(2): 023002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/36/2/023002

5

Analytical modeling and simulation of germanium single gate silicon on insulator TFET

T. S. Arun Samuel, N. B. Balamurugan

Journal of Semiconductors, 2014, 35(3): 034002. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/35/3/034002

6

Giant magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional electron gas modulated by ferromagnetic and Schottky metal stripes

Lu Jianduo, Xu Bin

Journal of Semiconductors, 2012, 33(7): 074007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/33/7/074007

7

Optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited polyaniline-CeO2 hybrid nanocomposite film

Anees A. Ansari, M. A. M. Khan, M. Naziruddin Khan, Salman A. Alrokayan, M. Alhoshan, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2011, 32(4): 043001. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/32/4/043001

8

Thermal analysis and test for single concentrator solar cells

Cui Min, Chen Nuofu, Yang Xiaoli, Wang Yu, Bai Yiming, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2009, 30(4): 044011. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/30/4/044011

9

Numerical analysis of four-wave-mixing based multichannel wavelength conversion techniques in fibers

Jia Liang, Zhang Fan, Li Ming, Liu Yuliang, Chen Zhangyuan, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2009, 30(5): 054007. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/30/5/054007

10

A widely tunable continuous-time LPF for a direct conversion DBS tuner

Chen Bei, Chen Fangxiong, Ma Heping, Shi Yin, Dai F F, et al.

Journal of Semiconductors, 2009, 30(2): 025009. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/30/2/025009

11

Quantum and Transport Mobilities of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in the Presence of the Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction

Xu Wen

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2006, 27(2): 204-217.

12

Analysis of PTCDA/ITO Surface and Interface Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Tang Ning, Shen Bo, Wang Maojun, Yang Zhijian, Xu Ke, et al.

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2006, 27(2): 235-238.

13

Analysis of PTCDA/ITO Surface and Interface Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

Ou Guping, Song Zhen, Gui Wenming, Zhang Fujia

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2006, 27(2): 229-234.

14

Temperature Dependence of Vacuum Rabi Splitting in a Single Quantum Dot-Semiconductor Microcavity

Zhu Kadi, Li Waisang

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2006, 27(3): 489-493.

15

Single Mode Operation of Short-Cavity Quantum Cascade Lasers

Liu Fengqi, Guo Yu, Li Lu, Shao Ye, Liu Junqi, et al.

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2006, 27(4): 679-682.

16

Passively Mode Locked Diode-End-Pumped Yb∶YAB Laser with High Reflectivity Type Semiconductor Saturable Absorption Mirror

Wang Yonggang, Ma Xiaoyu, Xue Yinghong, Sun Hong,Zhang Zhigang,and Wang Qingyue

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2005, 26(2): 250-253.

17

A Broadband Long-Wavelength Superluminescent Diode Based on Graded Composition Bulk InGaAs

Ding Ying, Wang Wei, Kan Qiang, Wang Baojun, Zhou Fan, et al.

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2005, 26(12): 2309-2314.

18

AIN Monolithic Microchannel Cooled Heatsink for High Power Laser Diode Array

Ma Jiehui, Fang Gaozhan, Lan Yongsheng and, Ma Xiaoyu

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2005, 26(3): 476-479.

19

A Wavelength Tunable DBR Laser Integrated with an Electro-Absorption Modulator by a Combined Method of SAG and QWI

Zhang Jing, Li Baoxia, Zhao Lingjuan, Wang Baojun, Zhou Fan, et al.

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 2005, 26(11): 2053-2057.

20

A Novel Two-Section Co-Cavity Wavelength Tunable Sem iconductor Laser

Chinese Journal of Semiconductors , 1999, 20(9): 816-822.

  • Search

    Advanced Search >>

    GET CITATION

    Fangyuan Meng, Hongyan Yu, Xuliang Zhou, Mengqi Wang, Yejin Zhang, Wenyu Yang, Jiaoqing Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302
    F Y Meng, H Y Yu, X L Zhou, M Q Wang, Y J Zhang, W Y Yang, J Q Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302
    shu

    Export: BibTex EndNote

    Article Metrics

    Article views: 1464 Times PDF downloads: 76 Times Cited by: 0 Times

    History

    Received: 06 September 2021 Revised: 14 February 2022 Online: Accepted Manuscript: 30 March 2022Uncorrected proof: 07 April 2022Published: 06 June 2022

    Catalog

      Email This Article

      User name:
      Email:*请输入正确邮箱
      Code:*验证码错误
      Fangyuan Meng, Hongyan Yu, Xuliang Zhou, Mengqi Wang, Yejin Zhang, Wenyu Yang, Jiaoqing Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302 ****F Y Meng, H Y Yu, X L Zhou, M Q Wang, Y J Zhang, W Y Yang, J Q Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302
      Citation:
      Fangyuan Meng, Hongyan Yu, Xuliang Zhou, Mengqi Wang, Yejin Zhang, Wenyu Yang, Jiaoqing Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302 ****
      F Y Meng, H Y Yu, X L Zhou, M Q Wang, Y J Zhang, W Y Yang, J Q Pan. Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm[J]. J. Semicond, 2022, 43(6): 062302. doi: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302

      Low fabrication cost wavelength tunable WG-FP hybrid-cavity laser working over 1.7 μm

      DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/43/6/062302
      More Information
      • Fangyuan Meng:got her BS from Shandong University in 2016. Now she is a PhD student at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science under the supervision of Prof. Jiaoqing Pan. Her research focuses on semiconductor lasers based on III–V materials
      • Jiaoqing Pan:got his PhD from Shandong University in 2003. Then he joined Wei Wang Group at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, as a postdoc. Now he is a professor at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science. His research fields and directions include the silicon-based monolithic integrated lidar, silicon-based nano-laser, silicon-based hybrid integrated laser, TDLAS sensing system, and InP-based monolithic integrated photonic chips
      • Corresponding author: jqpan@semi.ac.cn
      • Received Date: 2021-09-06
      • Revised Date: 2022-02-14
      • Available Online: 2022-03-30

      Catalog

        /

        DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
        Return
        Return